Evidence of Plagiarism
"Pimp pogrom" edit
Text added to article in Revision as of 18:16, 23 February 2019 :
Three days of rioting in Warsaw in late May 1905, known as the Alfonse or pimp pogrom, involving bands of armed Jewish workers and members of the Jewish underworld claimed the lives of 8 to 15 people, with more than 100 injured. The workers looted and destroyed 40 legal brothels and places frequented by pimps.<ref>Edward J. Bristow, ''Prostitution and Prejudice: The Jewish Fight Against White Slavery 1870–1939'', Clarendon Press, 1982, pp. 58-61; Scott Ury, ''Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry'', Stanford University Press, 2012, pp. 126-129; Antony Polonsky, ''The Jews in Poland and Russia, Volume 2: 1881–1914'', Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2010, p. 93</ref>
google search - "Prostitution and Prejudice" 58 61 "The Jews in Poland and Russia" 93 "Barricades and Banners" 126 129 - guess who? Mark Paul! Only Mark Paul (two variants of the same document).
Looking at one of the two hits - this content in on page 152 of the PDF, which contains the citations:
Edward J. Bristow, Prostitution and Prejudice: The Jewish Fight Against White Slavery 1870–1939 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982; New York: Schocken Press, 1982); ... See Bristow, Prostitution and Prejudice, 58–61 ... See Scott Ury, Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2012), 126–29. ...
See Antony Polonsky, The Jews in Poland and Russia, vol. 2: 1881 to 1914 (Oxford and Portland, Oregon; The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2010), 93
Exact same order of three citations. Very similar formatting.
"Jewish restitution text" edit
Text added to article in 16:37, 22 February 2019
Lets google search on "Klucze i kasa" "American Jewish Year Book, 5708" - ignoring Wikipedia clones, the only only source that has done the travesty of citing a recent 2014 WP:SECONDARY work and the WP:PRIMARY 1947-8 Jewish year book (using the Jewish year of 5708) is - this excerpt of 7 pages from Mark Paul's A Tangled Web: Polish-Jewish Relations in Wartime Northeastern Poland and the Aftermath (Part 3) (the cites in this excerpt differ every slightly from the full version on the web (multiple versions of the same work are extant on the Web - it seems Paul updates the documents (he has several, some appearing first in the 90s that still get updated. "A Tangled Web"'s first edition was prior to 2002) with new citations and a bit of text in roughly yearly intervals)
The edit has 4 separate sourced clauses:
restitution law edit
A restitution law "On Abandoned Real Estates" of May 6, 1945 allowed property owners who had been dispossessed, or their relatives and heirs, whether residing in Poland or outside the country, to reclaim privately owned property under a simplified inheritance procedure. The law remained in effect until the end of 1948. An expedited court process, entailing minimal costs, was put in place to handle claims. Applications had to be examined within 21 days, and many claims were processed the day they were filed. Poles often served as witnesses to corroborate claims of Jewish neighbors and acquaintances. Jewish law firms and agencies outside Poland specialized in submitting applications on behalf of non-residents. Many properties were also transferred and sold by Jewish owners outside this process.<ref>Jan Grabowski and Dariusz Libionka, eds. ''Klucze i kasa: O mieniu żydowskim w Polsce pod okupacją niemiecką i we wczesnych latach powojennych 1939–1950'' (Warsaw: Stowarzyszenie Centrum Badań nad Zagładą 2014), 522–523, 529, 568–569, 575–607. Also Krzysztof Urbański. ''Kieleccy Żydzi'' (Kraków: Pracownia Konserwacji Zabytków w Kielcach and Małopolska Oficyna Wydawnicza, n.d. [1993]), 180–190; Marta Pawlina-Meducka, ed. ''Z kroniki utraconego sąsiedztwa: Kielce, wrzesień 2000/From the Chronicle of the Lost Neighborhood: Kielce, September 2000'' (Kielce: Kieleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 2001), 202.</ref>
The citations are copied from these text fragments (and text summarizing them, though not accurately): Text from bottom of page 1 - page 2:
Indeed, relaxed criteria with a simplified inheritance procedure, under a special restitution law ―On Abandoned Real Estates‖ enacted May 6, 1945, remained in place until the end of 1948. Dispossessed owners or their relatives and heirs, whether residing in Poland or abroad, were able to reclaim privately owned property in an expedited fashion with minimal costs.4 The existence of these procedures were well known. Thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, of properties were reclaimed by Jews without incident, 5
Footnote1: (page1)
Historian Stanisław Meducki summarizes the findings of his research as follows: ―By the strength of a special law enacted 6 May 1945 ‗On Abandoned Real Estates‘, a strongly simplified inheritance procedure was applied. Jews could recover their property: former apartments, workshops, firms, on condition that they had not been seized by the Nazis. Courts had to examine every motion within 21 days. In Kielce, Jews did not have any difficulties with recovering their own property. As a rule, every motion was settled favorably and quickly. In most cases, the property was taken over by the relatives of the former owners, whose rights were ascertained on the grounds of witnesses‘ testimony. Witnesses, most often Poles, neighbors or acquaintances from before the war, testified before the court willingly, without reluctance or prejudice.‖ See Marta Pawlina-Meducka, ed., Z kroniki utraconego sąsiedztwa: Kielce, wrzesień 2000/From the Chronicle of the Lost Neighborhood: Kielce, September 2000 (Kielce: Kieleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 2001), 202. See also Urbański, Kieleccy Żydzi, 180–90; Krzysztof Urbański, ―Żydzi w Kielcach w latach 1939–1945,‖ in Bukowski, Jankowski, and Żaryn, Wokół pogromu kieleckiego, vol. 2, 41–43. There is no evidence that any pogrom, whether in Kielce, Kraków or Rzeszów, was inspired by disgruntled Poles who had lost or feared losing property to Jews. Thousands of properties were returned to Jews throughout Poland without incident, and property disputes accounted for only a small portion, perhaps several hundred cases, of the violent conflicts which Jews experienced. Far more often, Poles came forward as witnesses in property claims filed by Jewish survivors, as borne out by the documents cited below concerning Jedwabne and other places.
Footnote4 (page2)
in Grabowski and Libionka, Klucze i kasa, 522–23, 529, 568–69 (judges in Szczebrzeszyn facilitated the processing of restitution applications), 575–607. Many of these claims were pursued by Jewish organizations and foreign firms using Jewish lawyers; the claims were often processed by local courts on the day they were filed
Jewish Year Book edit
The American Jewish Year Book reported, at the time, “The return of Jewish property, if claimed by the owner or his descendant, and if not subject to state control, proceeded more or less smoothly.”<ref name="American Jewish Year Book">American Jewish Year Book, 5708 (1947–1948), vol. 49 (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1947), 390.</ref>
Page1 text
The American Jewish Year Book, which closely monitored conditions in Poland, reported that— unlike in the Eastern Polish territories seized by the Soviet Union—―The return of Jewish property, if claimed by the owner or his descendant, and if not subject to state control, proceeded more or less smoothly.
Footnote3 (page1)
3. American Jewish Year Book, 5708 (1947–1948), vol. 49 (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1947), 390.
Thousands of reclaims edit
Thousands of properties were successfully reclaimed, for example, more than 520 properties were reclaimed in two county towns of Lublin province alone (281 applications in Zamość, and 240 in Włodawa - some applications involved multiple properties).<ref name="Kopciowski">Adam Kopciowski. ''Zagłada Żydów w Zamościu'' (Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2005), 203; Adam Kopciowski, "Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II," ''≈Holocaust: Studies and Materials'' vol. 1 (2008), 188.</ref>
page2:
The existence of these procedures were well known. Thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, of properties were reclaimed by Jews without incident, 5
footnote5 fragment (page2):
5. As mentioned earlier, hundreds of properties were recovered in Kielce alone. In 1945–1948, Jews brought 291 court applications for the return of property in Zamość. See Adam Kopciowski, Zagłada Żydów w Zamościu (Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2005), 203; Grabowski and Libionka, Klucze i kasa, 562–63. Jews submitted 240 applications in the municipal court in Włodawa, and were able to recover real estate, houses, farm buildings, livestock, carriages, and utensils. See Adam Kopciowski, ―Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II,‖ in Holocaust: Studies and Materials, vol. 1 (2008): 188.
Jewish fraud edit
Given the lax criteria, there were a number of cases of Jews advancing fraudulent property claims.<ref>Jan Grabowski and Dariusz Libionka, eds. ''Klucze i kasa: O mieniu żydowskim w Polsce pod okupacją niemiecką i we wczesnych latach powojennych 1939–1950'' (Warsaw: Stowarzyszenie Centrum Badań nad Zagładą 2014), 528, 532, 536–537, 595–600. Also Krzysztof Persak, "Akta postępowań cywilnych z lat 1947–1949 w sprawach dotyczących zmarłych żydowskich mieszkańców Jedwabnego," in Paweł Machcewicz and Krzysztof Persak, eds. ''Wokół Jedwabnego'' (Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej—Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2002) vol. 1, 379–387.</ref>
page5:
In fact, the requirements to prove relationship to deceased property owners were so lax that multiple and rival claims were plentiful
page5: (further down)
A number of Jews were involved in fraudulent real estate scams, that is, misappropriation of property to which they were not rightfully entitled.7
footnote 7 (page5)
7 See Grabowski and Libionka, Klucze i kasa, 528, 532, 536–37, 595–600. In the Białystok region, there was even a Jewish mafia-like ring working closely with Jews in the Security Office (Samuel Faber or Farber, Eliasz Trokenheim) ... See Jerzy Kułak, ―Szaleniec i inni,‖ Karta (Warsaw), no. 15 (1995): 121–22; Krzysztof Persak, ―Akta postępowań cywilnych z lat 1947–1949 w sprawach dotyczących zmarłych żydowskich mieszkańców Jedwabnego,‖ in Machcewicz and Persak, Wokół Jedwabnego, 379– 87; Jerzy Kułak, ―Faber i S-ka—krótka historia pewnego przekrętu,‖ Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, no. 6
Prose only edit
Text added to article in 16:37, 22 February 2019 allged source: this excerpt of 7 pages from Mark Paul's A Tangled Web: Polish-Jewish Relations in Wartime Northeastern Poland and the Aftermath (Part 3) (the cites in this excerpt differ every slightly from the full version on the web (multiple versions of the same work are extant on the Web - it seems Paul updates the documents (he has several, some appearing first in the 90s that still get updated. "A Tangled Web"'s first edition was prior to 2002) with new citations and a bit of text in roughly yearly intervals)
The edit has 4 separate sourced clauses: (here - without references - for easier reading).
restitution law edit
A restitution law "On Abandoned Real Estates" of May 6, 1945 allowed property owners who had been dispossessed, or their relatives and heirs, whether residing in Poland or outside the country, to reclaim privately owned property under a simplified inheritance procedure. The law remained in effect until the end of 1948. An expedited court process, entailing minimal costs, was put in place to handle claims. Applications had to be examined within 21 days, and many claims were processed the day they were filed. Poles often served as witnesses to corroborate claims of Jewish neighbors and acquaintances. Jewish law firms and agencies outside Poland specialized in submitting applications on behalf of non-residents. Many properties were also transferred and sold by Jewish owners outside this process.
The citations are copied from these text fragments (and text summarizing them, though not accurately): Text from bottom of page 1 - page 2:
Indeed, relaxed criteria with a simplified inheritance procedure, under a special restitution law ―On Abandoned Real Estates‖ enacted May 6, 1945, remained in place until the end of 1948. Dispossessed owners or their relatives and heirs, whether residing in Poland or abroad, were able to reclaim privately owned property in an expedited fashion with minimal costs.4 The existence of these procedures were well known. Thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, of properties were reclaimed by Jews without incident, 5
Footnote1: (page1)
Historian Stanisław Meducki summarizes the findings of his research as follows: ―By the strength of a special law enacted 6 May 1945 ‗On Abandoned Real Estates‘, a strongly simplified inheritance procedure was applied. Jews could recover their property: former apartments, workshops, firms, on condition that they had not been seized by the Nazis. Courts had to examine every motion within 21 days. In Kielce, Jews did not have any difficulties with recovering their own property. As a rule, every motion was settled favorably and quickly. In most cases, the property was taken over by the relatives of the former owners, whose rights were ascertained on the grounds of witnesses‘ testimony. Witnesses, most often Poles, neighbors or acquaintances from before the war, testified before the court willingly, without reluctance or prejudice.‖ See ... There is no evidence that any pogrom, whether in Kielce, Kraków or Rzeszów, was inspired by disgruntled Poles who had lost or feared losing property to Jews. Thousands of properties were returned to Jews throughout Poland without incident, and property disputes accounted for only a small portion, perhaps several hundred cases, of the violent conflicts which Jews experienced. Far more often, Poles came forward as witnesses in property claims filed by Jewish survivors, as borne out by the documents cited below concerning Jedwabne and other places.
Footnote4 (page2)
Many of these claims were pursued by Jewish organizations and foreign firms using Jewish lawyers; the claims were often processed by local courts on the day they were filed
Jewish Year Book edit
The American Jewish Year Book reported, at the time, “The return of Jewish property, if claimed by the owner or his descendant, and if not subject to state control, proceeded more or less smoothly.”
Page1 text
The American Jewish Year Book, which closely monitored conditions in Poland, reported that— unlike in the Eastern Polish territories seized by the Soviet Union—―The return of Jewish property, if claimed by the owner or his descendant, and if not subject to state control, proceeded more or less smoothly.
Thousands of reclaims edit
Thousands of properties were successfully reclaimed, for example, more than 520 properties were reclaimed in two county towns of Lublin province alone (281 applications in Zamość, and 240 in Włodawa - some applications involved multiple properties)
page2:
The existence of these procedures were well known. Thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, of properties were reclaimed by Jews without incident, 5
footnote5 fragment (page2):
5. As mentioned earlier, hundreds of properties were recovered in Kielce alone. In 1945–1948, Jews brought 291 court applications for the return of property in Zamość. See .. Jews submitted 240 applications in the municipal court in Włodawa, and were able to recover real estate, houses, farm buildings, livestock, carriages, and utensils. See ...
Jewish fraud edit
Given the lax criteria, there were a number of cases of Jews advancing fraudulent property claims.
page5:
In fact, the requirements to prove relationship to deceased property owners were so lax that multiple and rival claims were plentiful
page5: (further down)
A number of Jews were involved in fraudulent real estate scams, that is, misappropriation of property to which they were not rightfully entitled.7