| Small nucleolar RNA SNORD22 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | SNORD22 |
| Rfam | RF00099 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene; snRNA; snoRNA; CD-box; |
| PDB structures | PDBe |
snoRNA U22 (also known as SNORD22) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U22 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). In contrast to most of the members of the box C/D family which function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs [1], SNORD22 belongs to the small group of snoRNAs that govern the cleavage of the ribosomal RNA precursors. In the absence of SNORD22, mature 18S rRNA fails to accumulate [2]
SNORD22 is expressed from the conserved host gene SNHG1 (also known as UHG) [3], which shows little sequence conservation on the exons and besides SNORD22 harbours several other snoRNAs [4]. Expression of SNORD22 is known in human and mouse [4], Xenopus [2] , and rhesus [5]. In addition, [6] annotates the platypus C/D box snoRNA Oa1907 as an ortholog of the human SNORD22 and Oa1925 as an ortholog of a human SNORD22 pseudogene. With a length between 116 nt (Petromyzon) and 129 nt (Microcebus), it just slightly exceeds the typical length range for box C/D snoRNAs.
The sequence of SNORD22 is well-conserved. Homologs are described throughout the gnathostomes in snoOPY (http://snoopy.med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp), and additional SNORD22 sequences are detectable in basal vertebrates and in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae. The host gene SNHG1 also harbours several other unrelated, canonical snoRNAs namely snR56, SNORD25, SNORD26, SNORD27, SNORD28, SNORD29, SNORD30, SNORD31. Some of these snoRNAs, including SNORD22, are duplicated in some species. The genomic position of the host genes SNHG1 is syntenically conserved within tetrapods (between SLC3A2 and WDR74) and, at a different locus, within teleosts (between B3GAT3 and ARL2).
References
edit- ^ Galardi, S.; Fatica, A.; Bachi, A.; Scaloni, A.; Presutti, C.; Bozzoni, I. (October 2002). "Purified Box C/D snoRNPs Are Able to Reproduce Site-Specific 2'-O-Methylation of Target RNA in Vitro". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (19): 6663–6668. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.19.6663-6668.2002. PMC 134041. PMID 12215523.
- ^ a b Tycowski KT, Shu MD, Steitz JA (1994). "Requirement for intron-encoded U22 small nucleolar RNA in 18S ribosomal RNA maturation". Science. 266 (5190): 1558–61. doi:10.1126/science.7985025. PMID 7985025.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Frey MR, Wu W, Dunn JM,Matera AG (1997). "The U22 host gene (UHG): chromosomal localization of UHG and distribution of U22 small nucleolar RNA". Histochem Cell Biol. 108: 365–370. PMID 9387929.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Tycowski KT, Shu MD, Steitz JA (1996). "A mammalian gene with introns instead of exons generating stable RNA products". Nature. 379 (6564): 464–6. doi:10.1038/379464a0. PMID 8559254.
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Wu, R. and Wang, J. and Chen, Y. and Zou, X. and
Chen, R. and Wang, X. J. and Zhu, D. (2010). "Systematic identification and evolutionary features of
rhesus monkey small nucleolar RNAs". BMC Genomics. 11: 61.
{{cite journal}}: line feed character in|author=at position 49 (help); line feed character in|title=at position 55 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Schmitz, J and Zemann, A and Churakov, G and Kuhl, H
and Gr\"utzner, F and Reinhardt, R and Brosius, J. (2008). "Retroposed SNOfall--A mammalian-wide comparison of
platypus snoRNAs". Genome Res. 18: 1005–1010. PMID 18463303.
{{cite journal}}: line feed character in|author=at position 53 (help); line feed character in|title=at position 51 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)