There are many proven methods to reduce the prevalence of typhoid fever. In industrialized nations, such as those found in North America and Western Europe, water sanitation and food handling improvements has drastically reduced the number of cases. [1] Developing nations, such as those found in parts of Asia and Africa, have the highest prevalence of typhoid fever. These areas are burdened with lack of access to clean water, a proper sanitation system, and proper health care facilities. Unfortunately for these endemic areas, such access to basic public health needs is not in the near future. [2]To help combat the typhoid fever endemic in developing nations, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed the use of a vaccination program starting in 1999. [3]Vaccinations have proven to be a great way at controlling outbreaks in high incidence areas. Just as important, it is also very cost-effective. Vaccination prices are normally low, less than US $1 per dose. Because the price is low, poverty-stricken communities are more willing to take advantage of the vaccinations. [4] As good as a vaccination program is, it’s not a long term solution. Vaccinations alone cannot eliminate typhoid fever. Combining the use of vaccines along with increasing public health efforts is the only proven way to control this disease. [5]
- ^ Crump, John A.; Sjölund-Karlsson, Maria; Gordon, Melita A.; Parry, Christopher M. (2016-12-15). "Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 28 (4): 901–937. doi:10.1128/CMR.00002-15. ISSN 0893-8512. PMC 4503790. PMID 26180063.
- ^ Khan, M. Imran; Pach 3rd, Alfred; Khan, Ghulam Mustafa; Bajracharya, Deepak; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant; Bhutta, Waqaas; Tahir, Rehman; Soofi, Sajid; Thapa, Chandra B. (2015-06-19). "Typhoid vaccine introduction: An evidence-based pilot implementation project in Nepal and Pakistan". Vaccine. Global Progress on use of Vaccines for Invasive Salmonella Infections. 33, Supplement 3: C62–C67. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.087.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Wain, John; Hendriksen, Rene S; Mikoleit, Matthew L; Keddy, Karen H; Ochiai, R Leon (2015-03-27). "Typhoid fever". The Lancet. 385 (9973): 1136–1145. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62708-7.
- ^ Date, Kashmira A.; Bentsi-Enchill, Adwoa; Marks, Florian; Fox, Kimberley (2015-06-19). "Typhoid fever vaccination strategies". Vaccine. Global Progress on use of Vaccines for Invasive Salmonella Infections. 33, Supplement 3: C55–C61. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.028.
- ^ Date, Kashmira A.; Bentsi-Enchill, Adwoa; Marks, Florian; Fox, Kimberley (2015-06-19). "Typhoid fever vaccination strategies". Vaccine. Global Progress on use of Vaccines for Invasive Salmonella Infections. 33, Supplement 3: C55–C61. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.028.