User:GS214/Social comparison theory/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

As you gather the sources for your Wikipedia contribution, think about the following:

Is the source from a reliable publication?
- Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
- Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
Is the source verifiable?
- In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
- Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
- For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
- Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
- Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
- Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
- Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
- In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
- Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
- Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
- Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about living persons. Please follow these carefully.
- Wikipedia has a series of guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.

If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.

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Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Staff, Newport Academy (2019-01-04). "The Theory of Social Comparison and Mental Health". Newport Academy. Retrieved 2023-09-27. ^[1]

This website is published by Newport Academy, known as the nation’s leading teen recovery and treatment center, so it should be a reliable source. It also goes in-depth about the topic of social media comparison and teen mental health, which helps establish notability.

Verduyn, Philippe; Gugushvili, Nino; Massar, Karlijn; Täht, Karin; Kross, Ethan (2020-12-01). "Social comparison on social networking sites". Current Opinion in Psychology. Cyberpsychology. 36: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002. ISSN 2352-250X. ^[2]

This peer-reviewed journal article from Science Direct looks closely at the social comparison on social networking sites. This should be a reliable source. It explains how this would affect the subjects’ well-being and the consequences of how people interact.

Jiang, Shaohai; Ngien, Annabel (2020-04). "The Effects of Instagram Use, Social Comparison, and Self-Esteem on Social Anxiety: A Survey Study in Singapore". Social Media + Society. 6 (2): 205630512091248. doi:10.1177/2056305120912488. ISSN 2056-3051. ^[3]

This peer-reviewed study explores Instagram's effect on people’s social anxiety. Since we are looking at the media’s impact on the social comparison theory, this cross-sectional online survey study would be beneficial because it goes in-depth into Instagram’s impacts.

Kohler, M. T., Turner, I. N., & Webster, G. D. (2021). Social comparison and state–trait dynamics: Viewing image-conscious Instagram accounts affects college students’ mood and anxiety. Psychology of Popular Media, 10(3), 340–349. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000310 ^[4]

This is a peer-reviewed study specifically looking at the social networking site, Instagram, and its impact on social comparison theory on college students. Since the media influence section is one that we have decided we want to expand upon in this article, I think this study would be beneficial in explaining specifically Instagram’s impacts.

Verduyn, P., Gugushvili, N., Massar, K., Täht, K., & Kross, E. (2020). Social comparison on social networking sites. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 32–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002 ^[5]

This study was recently conducted in 2020 and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The study itself looks at social comparison theory and its impact on social networking sites. Because the study is looking broadly at social networking sites as a whole, it could be used to give a broader application of social comparison theory on media in the media influences section of the article.

Jia Li, Xuan Liu, Ling Ma & Weiqiang Zhang (2019) Users’ intention to continue using social fitness-tracking apps: expectation confirmation theory and social comparison theory perspective, Informatics for Health and Social Care, 44:3, 298-312, DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2018.1434179 ^[6]

This study was published in a peer-reviewed journal. The study looks at how social comparison theory could impact individuals who use fitness-tracking apps. The study was conducted fairly recently and could help edit the media influences portion of the article in terms of how the use of new social sites and apps, like the fitness-tracking ones, can be impacted by social comparison theory, therefore applying the theory to more 21st-century examples.

Examples:

Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
- This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.

References

^ Staff, Newport Academy (2019-01-04). "The Theory of Social Comparison and Mental Health". Newport Academy. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
^ Verduyn, Philippe; Gugushvili, Nino; Massar, Karlijn; Täht, Karin; Kross, Ethan (2020-12-01). "Social comparison on social networking sites". Current Opinion in Psychology. Cyberpsychology. 36: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002. ISSN 2352-250X.
^ Jiang, Shaohai; Ngien, Annabel (2020-04). "The Effects of Instagram Use, Social Comparison, and Self-Esteem on Social Anxiety: A Survey Study in Singapore". Social Media + Society. 6 (2): 205630512091248. doi:10.1177/2056305120912488. ISSN 2056-3051. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Kohler, Madison T.; Turner, Imani N.; Webster, Gregory D. (2021-07). "Social comparison and state–trait dynamics: Viewing image-conscious Instagram accounts affects college students' mood and anxiety". Psychology of Popular Media. 10 (3): 340–349. doi:10.1037/ppm0000310. ISSN 2689-6575. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Verduyn, Philippe; Gugushvili, Nino; Massar, Karlijn; Täht, Karin; Kross, Ethan (2020-12-01). "Social comparison on social networking sites". Current Opinion in Psychology. Cyberpsychology. 36: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002. ISSN 2352-250X.
^ Li, Jia; Liu, Xuan; Ma, Ling; Zhang, Weiqiang (2019-07-03). "Users' intention to continue using social fitness-tracking apps: expectation confirmation theory and social comparison theory perspective". Informatics for Health and Social Care. 44 (3): 298–312. doi:10.1080/17538157.2018.1434179. ISSN 1753-8157.

Outline of proposed changes

Click on the edit button to draft your outline.

Proposed Outline:

Media influence section:
- Paragraph detailing modern social networking sites and studies that have looked at the general effects of these sites on social comparison theory and the users who are on them.
- Paragraph detailing the Instagram specific studies
- Paragraph detailing body image and fitness tracking social sites.
- Paragraph detailing teens who are affected by social comparison theory within modern social networking sites.

Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.

In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.

Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.

Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.

Get Help

[1] Staff, Newport Academy (2019-01-04). "The Theory of Social Comparison and Mental Health". Newport Academy. Retrieved 2023-09-27.

[2] Verduyn, Philippe; Gugushvili, Nino; Massar, Karlijn; Täht, Karin; Kross, Ethan (2020-12-01). "Social comparison on social networking sites". Current Opinion in Psychology. Cyberpsychology. 36: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002. ISSN 2352-250X.

[3] Jiang, Shaohai; Ngien, Annabel (2020-04). "The Effects of Instagram Use, Social Comparison, and Self-Esteem on Social Anxiety: A Survey Study in Singapore". Social Media + Society. 6 (2): 205630512091248. doi:10.1177/2056305120912488. ISSN 2056-3051. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[4] Kohler, Madison T.; Turner, Imani N.; Webster, Gregory D. (2021-07). "Social comparison and state–trait dynamics: Viewing image-conscious Instagram accounts affects college students' mood and anxiety". Psychology of Popular Media. 10 (3): 340–349. doi:10.1037/ppm0000310. ISSN 2689-6575. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[5] Verduyn, Philippe; Gugushvili, Nino; Massar, Karlijn; Täht, Karin; Kross, Ethan (2020-12-01). "Social comparison on social networking sites". Current Opinion in Psychology. Cyberpsychology. 36: 32–37. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002. ISSN 2352-250X.

[6] Li, Jia; Liu, Xuan; Ma, Ling; Zhang, Weiqiang (2019-07-03). "Users' intention to continue using social fitness-tracking apps: expectation confirmation theory and social comparison theory perspective". Informatics for Health and Social Care. 44 (3): 298–312. doi:10.1080/17538157.2018.1434179. ISSN 1753-8157.

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