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a mechanism in which the paternal lineage is cloned. through the cloning of paternal genome by fertilization of a non-nucleate egg or by fertilization of oocytes and the expelling of the polar bodies of the maternal nucleus. The maternal mitochondrial DNA and organelles are preserved.
genetically asexual,
Androgenesis is a form of sexual parasitism. The majority of sexual parasitism occurs with the elimination of the paternal nuclear; in androgenesis the reverse occurs; it is the maternal nuclear that is expelled.
Allows the parasitical use the eggs of other species.
Invasive species, prevention of genetic population bottlenecks/inbreeding. Higher occurrence of androgenesis in species with both androgenetic and sexual reproductive methods when acting as an invasive species.
Was not until ? that androgenesis was identified to occur in nature in animals. Directly observed in : inferred for xyz.
unlike male hybridogenesis, where the paternal line is hybrid, the paternal line results in a full paternal clone in androgenesis.
androgenesis occurs in context with female hybridogenesis, only way to pass down paternal genome.
Spontaneous androgenesis has been observed in the lab in haplodiplo animals, more commonly in plants. more frequent in hybrids - impaired meiosis -> increase in non-nucleated eggs -> good environment for androgenesis.
Mosaic androgenesis: gynandromorphy can result in parts of the tissue being androgenetic.
Artificial androgenesis: egg is intentionally damaged and rendered non-nucleated. used in salmon aquaculture (salmon farming).
rare transient phenonomenon. androgenesis through fertilization of non-nucleate is healthier than androgenesis through elimination of female nuclear. can result in extinction in gonochorists through elimination of the female line; less likely with hermaphroditism.
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Bibliography edit
- Birkhead, Tim (2009). Sperm biology : an evolutionary perspective. Amsterdam London: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-372568-4.
- Burt, Austin (2008). Genes in conflict : the biology of selfish genetic elements. Cambridge, Mass. London: Belknap. ISBN 978-0-674-02911-8.
- Hedtke, S. M.; Hillis, D. M. (2010). "The Potential Role of Androgenesis in Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Phylogenetic Discordance". Systematic Biology. 60 (1): 87–96. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syq070. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 21060067.
- McKone, Mark J.; Halpern, Stacey L. (2003). "The Evolution of Androgenesis". The American Naturalist. 161 (4): 641–656. doi:10.1086/368291. ISSN 0003-0147. PMID 12776890.
- Milani, Liliana; Ghiselli, Fabrizio; Pellecchia, Marco; Scali, Valerio; Passamonti, Marco (2010). "Reticulate evolution in stick insects: the case of Clonopsis (Insecta Phasmida)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 258. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-258. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 20738851.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Pearcy, M.; Goodisman, M. A. D.; Keller, L. (2011). "Sib mating without inbreeding in the longhorn crazy ant". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1718): 2677–2681. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2562. ISSN 0962-8452. PMID 21288949.
- Pigneur, Lise-Marie; Marescaux, Jonathan; Roland, Kathleen; Etoundi, Emilie; Descy, Jean-Pierre; Van Doninck, Karine (2011). "Phylogeny and androgenesis in the invasive Corbicula clams (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) in Western Europe". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 147. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-147. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3126740. PMID 21619630.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Pigneur, L-M; Hedtke, S M; Etoundi, E; Van Doninck, K (2012). "Androgenesis: a review through the study of the selfish shellfish Corbicula spp". Heredity. 108 (6): 581–591. doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.3. ISSN 0018-067X. PMID 22473310.
- Schwander, Tanja; Oldroyd, Benjamin P. (2016). "Androgenesis: where males hijack eggs to clone themselves". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1706): 20150534. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0534. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 5031619. PMID 27619698.