Irish Language Revival (Dublin) edit
The Irish Language, is in origin, a dialect of the Gaelic Language.[1] The first revival efforts for the language began in the late 19th century, with the Republican Party's move to reclaim Ireland from British rule.[2] In present day Ireland, less than two percent of the population speaks Irish outside of school.[3] Out of that two percent, the highest number of daily Irish speakers, live in Dublin.[4]The majority third most spoken language behind Polish due to the Polish immigration wave in the early 2000's.[5]
January 1st, 2018 marked the beginning of the Year of the Irish Language (Bliain na Gaeilge) in Ireland.[6] The idea behind the initiative was inspired by the 125 year anniversary of the first Irish language revival and revolves around journalism, literature and folk traditions.[6] It is an effort to revive the language by demonstrating its power in Irish culture and arts.[7]
History edit
The history of the Irish language is a long and complex one. Irish has been a language in danger since the first settlers to Ireland circa 200 CE.[2]
Under the rule of the British, Irish was still spoken, but English was the official language. English was used for legal, political and administrative affairs.[8] The Great Famine (1845-49), brought with it death and emigration causing the population to dwindle by nearly 2.5 million people.[9] The Irish language declined throughout the working class, who were the primary speakers of the Irish language.
After the Irish Independence in 1922, there began great efforts to revive the language.
In 2010, UNESCO's list of languages endangered expanded to include Irish, labeled as "definitely endangered."[10]
The Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge) edit
Conradh na Gaeilge (the Gaelic League), was founded in 1893 by Douglas Hyde after a speech the previous year on the need to de-Anglicize the Irish nation and race.[11] The Conradh na Gaeilge promotes Irish language and Irish folklore and has established many galleries and museums in Dublin such as: the Project Arts, the National Gallery, the Irish Museum of Modern Art, and City Arts Centers.[12]
Conradh na Gaeilge has been thought of as a non-political, unbiased organization, but April 24, 1916, there was an uprising in Dublin, now known as the Easter Rising. The Rising was carried out by members of the Irish Republic, several of which were believed to be members of Conradh na Gaeilge.[11] The Rising aimed at enacting the Poblact na Heireann, which included provisions to pronounce a new Republic and ban the recruiting of Irish citizens into the British Army.[13] The uprising was eventually thwarted and several leading members were executed by British Officials.[11]
Statistics edit
According to a 2016 census, Dublin had one of the lowest percentages of Irish speaking people at 29.2%.[4] The population of Dublin in 2016 was 1,904,806.[14] Of that total population only 360,116 people in Dublin City and its suburbs could speak Irish. However, Dublin city and its suburbs had the highest number of daily Irish speakers in the country, representing about 20.2%, of all daily Irish speakers.[4]
The areas with the highest percentage of Irish speaking peoples are the rural areas, or what are referred to as Gaeltacht(ai), with 66.3% of people who said they could speak Irish.[1]
In the 2016 census, of all Irish speakers in the country, 586,535 people said they spoke Irish less than once a week.[4]
In all of these areas, females had a higher percentage of Irish speaking people than males.[4]
Current Revival edit
IN 2003, The Official Language Act made it mandatory to put the Irish language on signage. In 2007, the European Union made it the 23rd official language of the EU.[6]
In 2004, IMRAM (meaning Voyage of Discovery)[15] was established to excite people about the Irish language through art and literature presented in a multicultural framework.[15]
Bliain na Gaeilge is the year long revival effort in Ireland consisting of creative, artistic and community activities and events.[16] The year long celebration was commenced by a special broadcast on New Year's Eve 2017. On March 3rd, there was a parade through Dublin, that ended with family activities, speeches and a concert.[16]
The official Irish name for Dublin is Baile Atha Cliath, or "the town at the ford of hurdles."[17] Previous efforts in Dublin to revive the language include special programs taught in the Irish language and required Irish language courses in school from elementary school through high school.
In 1993, Dublin City University established a magnet school called Fiontar and Scoil na Gaeilge.[18] Fiontar is an interdisciplinary school that teaches the Irish language through immersion in finance, computers, and business.[19]
"Cultur Club" edit
"Cultur Club" is an international project that was launched in october of 2018. The project consists of free Irish language and culture activity books created for children of different ages.[14] The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade's Secretary General, hosted the launch at St. Andrews College in Dublin, as part of their contibutions to Bliain na Gaeilge.[14] The launch event included live music and calligraphy workshops for the international Irish students at St. Andrews College.[14]
Fiontar edit
Fiontar and Scoil na Gaeilge, in Dublin city, have taken on an extensive project in the recent years of creating digital platforms for students, professionals, the general public and the Irish diaspora, to capture Ireland's rich linguistic and cultural traditions in order to make them more available.[18]
The students of Fiontar in Dublin, created two essential websites in order to help promote the use of the language. The websites are "logainm.ie," and "tearma.ie," a contemporary terminology dictionary.[19] Meitheal logainm.ie, a sub-page of logainm.ie uses crowd-sourcing for gathering and storing data about minor place names.
Trinity College edit
Trinity College in Dublin, has developed an Irish language department in recent years. The Irish Language Office at Trinity College, works to encourgae the use of the Irish language by students and staff.[20] In cooperation with the Coiste na Gaeilge (College's Committee for the Irish Language), the Irish language department, to provide a central role for the language through classes, social events, Irish language residency schemes, translators and services and information in regard to the Official Languages Act.[20] There are seveal areas around campus where the language is spoke including the Department of Irish, Seomra na Gaeilge (Irish Language Room), and Trinity College's own Cumann Gaelach, which is one of the largest and most active student societies in Ireland.[20]
Flagship Irish Language Hub edit
Early in 2018, the Irish government announced plans to invest nearly 178 million Euros into a plan to revive the Irish language and create Irish language hubs around the country.[21] Four million euros has been set aside for the creation of a flagship Irish Language and Cultural Hub in Dublin, the country's capital.[21] The center would offer things such as Irish language classes, cooking classes, yoga classes and many others, all ttaught through the Irish language.[21] The plans are being supported by the Conradh na Gaeilge who also has plans to expand their center.
Infrastructure Changes edit
Currently, the street signs in Dublin, are based off of English ones in font and in color scheme.[22] In 2008, an addition was made to the Official Languages Act 2003 by the Minister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, stating that all signage was to be provided in Irish only or English and Irish.[23] One of the clauses in the Act states that Irish text should not be "less prominent, visible, or legible," than English.[22] A member of Dublin's Green Party suggested in 2017, that Dublin should change their street signs to look more like original greens ones with the Irish font, in order to make Dublin more uniquely Irish.[22]
Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) has begun replacing street signs all over the country as part of an effort to revive the Irish language. TII was formed by a merger of the Former National Road Authority and the Railway Procurement Agency.[24]
References edit
- ^ a b "Bliain na Gaeilge 2018: How Ireland is Attempting to Revive its Language – euroscope magazine". euroscopemag.eu. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ a b Carnie, Andrew (1995). "Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure" (PDF). MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. 0 – via Arizona State University.
- ^ TEDx Talks (2018-03-13), The Irish Language and Beauty | Dónall Ó Héalaí | TEDxBerkeley, retrieved 2018-11-27
- ^ a b c d e "Background Notes - CSO - Central Statistics Office". Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ TEDx Talks (2013-09-23), Ireland, tourism, language: Will Notini at TEDxGallatin, retrieved 2018-11-27
- ^ a b c "Bliain na Gaeilge 2018: How Ireland is Attempting to Revive its Language – euroscope magazine". euroscopemag.eu. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
- ^ "Celebrating the Irish language in 2018". Creative Ireland. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
- ^ "To Have Irish". Pulitzer Center. 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ Ceallaigh, T.J. (2015). "Reawakening the Irish Language through the Irish Education System: Challenges and Priorities" (PDF). International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education. 8(2): 179–198 – via eric.ed.gov.
- ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ a b c "The Gaelic League and the 1916 Rising | Century Ireland". www.rte.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
- ^ "Dublin - Cultural life". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
- ^ "Among the Nations: Poblacht na hÉireann". Changed Utterly. 2016-02-14. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
- ^ a b c d "October - Conradh na Gaeilge launches Irish-language & culture resources for diaspora children - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". www.dfa.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ a b "Faoi IMRAM – IMRAM". imram.ie (in Irish). Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ a b "Taoiseach Launches Bliain na Gaeilge 2018 | Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht". www.chg.gov.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
- ^ Hickey, Raymond (2005). Dublin English: Evolution and Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 4.
- ^ a b "Fiontar & Scoil na Gaeilge | DCU". www.dcu.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ a b "The mini-revival of the Irish language". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
- ^ a b c Dublin, Trinity College. "Home - Irish Language Office : Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland". www.tcd.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
- ^ a b c Duffy, Rónán. "Dublin could be getting a 'flagship' Irish language hub for speakers to meet and speak". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
- ^ a b c Lonergan, Aidan. "Irish councillors call for removal of Dublin street signs that use British-style fonts | The Irish Post". The Irish Post. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
- ^ Teanga, An Coimisinéir. "About the Act". www.coimisineir.ie. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
- ^ "Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) | DTTAS Department of Transport, Tourism And Sport". www.dttas.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-30.