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Last edited: Dinosaurseatpancakes (talk) 14:46, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
Endometriosis is a condition in which the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grows outside it.[1][2] Most often this is on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue around the uterus and ovaries; however, in rare cases it may also occur in other parts of the body.[3] The main symptoms are pelvic pain and infertility.[4] Nearly half of those affected have chronic pelvic pain, while in 70% pain occurs during menstruation.[4] Pain during sex is also common.[4] Infertility occurs in up to half of women affected.[4] Less common symptoms include urinary or bowel symptoms.[4] About 25% of women have no symptoms.[4] Endometriosis can have both social and psychological effects.[5]
The cause is not entirely clear.[4] Risk factors include having a family history of the condition.[3] The areas of endometriosis bleed each month, resulting in inflammation and scarring.[3][4] The growths due to endometriosis are not cancer.[3] Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms in combination with medical imaging.[3] Biopsy is the most sure method of diagnosis.[3] Other causes of similar symptoms include pelvic inflammatory disease, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, and fibromyalgia.[4]
Tentative evidence suggests that the use of combined oral contraceptives reduces the risk of endometriosis.[6] Exercise and avoiding large amounts of alcohol may also be preventive.[3] There is no cure for endometriosis, but a number of treatments may improve symptoms.[4] This may include pain medication, hormonal treatments, or surgery.[3] The recommended pain medication is usually an NSAID such as naproxen.[3] Taking the active component of the birth control pill continuously or using an intrauterine device with progestogen may also be useful.[3] Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist may improve the ability of those who are infertile to get pregnant.[3] Surgical removal of endometriosis may be used to treat those whose symptoms are not manageable with other treatments.[3]
Endometriosis affected 10.8 million as of 2015.[7] Another estimate states about 6–10% of women are affected.[4] It is most common in those in their thirties and forties; however, it can begin in girls as early as 8 years old.[3][8] It results in few deaths.[9] Endometriosis was first determined to be a separate condition in the 1920s.[10] Before that time endometriosis and adenomyosis were considered together.[10] It is unclear who first described the disease.[10]
Moving stuff to the below subsections?
Signs and symptoms edit
Pelvic pain edit
Infertility edit
Other edit
Risk factors edit
Genetics edit
Environmental toxins edit
Pathophysiology edit
Formation edit
Retrograde menstruation theory edit
Other theories edit
Localization edit
Diagnosis edit
Laparoscopy edit
Staging edit
Markers edit
Histopathology edit
Pain quantification edit
Prevention edit
Management edit
Surgery edit
Hormones edit
Other medication edit
Comparison of interventions edit
Treatment of infertility edit
Prognosis edit
Complications edit
Epidemiology edit
History edit
Society and culture edit
References edit
- ^ "Endometriosis: Overview". www.nichd.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ "Endometriosis: Condition Information". www.nichd.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Endometriosis". womenshealth.gov. 13 February 2017. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bulletti, Carlo; Coccia, Maria Elisabetta; Battistoni, Silvia; Borini, Andrea (2010-08-01). "Endometriosis and infertility". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 27 (8): 441–447. doi:10.1007/s10815-010-9436-1. ISSN 1573-7330. PMC 2941592. PMID 20574791.
- ^ Culley, Lorraine; Law, Caroline; Hudson, Nicky; Denny, Elaine; Mitchell, Helene; Baumgarten, Miriam; Raine-Fenning, Nick (1 November 2013). "The social and psychological impact of endometriosis on women's lives: a critical narrative review". Human Reproduction Update. 19 (6): 625–639. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt027. ISSN 1460-2369. PMID 23884896.
- ^ Vercellini, Paolo; Eskenazi, Brenda; Consonni, Dario; Somigliana, Edgardo; Parazzini, Fabio; Abbiati, Annalisa; Fedele, Luigi (1 March 2011). "Oral contraceptives and risk of endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Human Reproduction Update. 17 (2): 159–170. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq042. ISSN 1460-2369. PMID 20833638.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
GBD2015Prewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ McGrath, Patrick J.; Stevens, Bonnie J.; Walker, Suellen M.; Zempsky, William T. (2013). Oxford Textbook of Paediatric Pain. OUP Oxford. p. 300. ISBN 9780199642656. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10.
- ^ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Brosens I (2012). Endometriosis: Science and Practice. John Wiley & Sons. p. 3. ISBN 9781444398496.