The article below is a draft of a cross-reference from the ACM Computing Classification System (1998) to the Wikipedia as it existed in November 2005. This document exists on the user pages of Dfletter 21:49, 29 November 2005 (UTC) and should not be copied or moved. As you will note below, the material is subject to copyright protection. This user has requested permission to use this copy and expects a reply from ACM in December 2005.
There are some differences between the classification system below and what is published by ACM. All references to topics that are marked with (*) or (**) signaling that they are topics only included to ensure backward compatibility with ACM's earlier classification systems have been removed. Since the purpose of this cross reference is to go from ACM's to WKP, there is no need for these older topics.
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The ACM Computing Classification System (1998)
A. GENERAL LITERATURE
editA.0 GENERAL
editWiki category:Computer science literature Wiki category:History of computing Wiki Category:Computing Wiki category:computer science,
- Biographies/autobiographies
- Conference proceedings
- General literary works (e.g., fiction, plays)
A.1 INTRODUCTORY AND SURVEY
editWiki Category:Computer books,
A.2 REFERENCE (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries)
editWiki Category:Computer science reference
A.m MISCELLANEOUS
editB. HARDWARE
editB.0 GENERAL
editWiki category:Computer engineering
B.1 CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING
editSee also #D.3.2 Language Classifications
B.1.0 General
editB.1.1 Control Design Styles
editB.1.2 Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
editB.1.4 Microprogram Design Aids
editSee also #D.2.2 Design Tools and Techniques, #D.2.4 Software/Program Verification, #D.3.2 Language Classifications, #D.3.4 Processors)
- Languages and compilers
- Optimization
B.1.5 Microcode Applications
edit- Instruction set interpretation
B.1.m Miscellaneous
editB.2 ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES
editB.2.0 General
editB.2.1 Design Styles
editSee also #C.1.1 Single Data Stream Architectures #C.1.2 Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
- Parallel
- Pipeline
B.2.4 High-Speed Arithmetic
edit- Algorithms
- Cost/performance
B.2.m Miscellaneous
editB.3 MEMORY STRUCTURES
editB.3.0 General
editB.3.1 Semiconductor Memories
editSee also #B.7.1 Types and Design Styles
- Dynamic memory (DRAM)
- Read-only memory (ROM)
- Static memory (SRAM)
B.3.2 Design Styles
editSee also #D.4.2 Storage Management
- Associative memories
- Cache memories
- Mass storage (e.g., magnetic, optical, RAID)
- Primary memory
- Shared memory
- Virtual memory
B.3.m Miscellaneous
editB.4 INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
editB.4.0 General
editB.4.2 Input/Output Devices
edit- Channels and controllers
- Data terminals and printers
- Image display
- Voice
B.4.3 Interconnections (Subsystems)
edit- Asynchronous/synchronous operation
- Fiber optics
- Interfaces
- Parallel I/O
- Topology (e.g., bus, point-to-point)
B.4.m Miscellaneous
editB.5 REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION
editB.5.0 General
editB.5.1 Design
edit- Arithmetic and logic units
- Control design
- Data-path design
- Memory design
- Styles (e.g., parallel, pipeline, special-purpose)
B.5.2 Design Aids
edit- Automatic synthesis
- Hardware description languages
- Optimization
- Simulation
- Verification
B.5.m Miscellaneous
editB.6 LOGIC DESIGN
editB.6.0 General
editB.6.1 Design Styles
edit- Cellular arrays and automata
- Combinational logic
- Logic arrays
- Parallel circuits
- Sequential circuits
B.6.3 Design Aids
edit- Automatic synthesis
- Hardware description languages
- Optimization
- Simulation
- Switching theory
- Verification
B.6.m Miscellaneous
editB.7 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
editB.7.0 General
editB.7.1 Types and Design Styles
edit- Advanced technologies
- Algorithms implemented in hardware
- Gate arrays
- Input/output circuits
- Memory technologies
- Microprocessors and microcomputers
- VLSI (very large scale integration)
B.7.2 Design Aids
edit- Graphics
- Layout
- Placement and routing
- Simulation
- Verification
B.7.m Miscellaneous
editB.8 PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
editSee also #C.4 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS
B.8.0 General
editB.8.1 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
editB.8.2 Performance Analysis and Design Aids
editB.8.m Miscellaneous
editB.m MISCELLANEOUS
edit- Design management
C. COMPUTER SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION
editWiki category:Computer architecture
C.0 GENERAL
edit- Hardware/software interfaces
- Instruction set design (e.g., RISC, CISC, VLIW)
- Modeling of computer architecture
- System architectures
- Systems specification methodology
C.1 PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES
editC.1.0 General
editC.1.1 Single Data Stream Architectures
edit- RISC/CISC, VLIW architectures
C.1.2 Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
edit- Array and vector processors
- Associative processors
- Connection machines
- Interconnection architectures (e.g., common bus, multiport memory, crossbar switch)
- Multiple-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (MIMD)
- Single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (SIMD)
C.1.3 Other Architecture Styles
edit- Adaptable architectures
- Analog computers
- Cellular architecture (e.g., mobile)
- Data-flow architectures
- Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems
- Neural nets
- Pipeline processors
C.1.4 Parallel Architectures
edit- Distributed architectures
- Mobile processors
C.1.m Miscellaneous
editC.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
editC.2.0 General
editWiki Category:Computer networks
- Data communications
- Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI)
- Security and protection (e.g., firewalls)
C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design
edit- Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
- Circuit-switching networks
- Distributed networks
- Frame relay networks
- ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
- Network communications
- Network topology
- Packet-switching networks
- Store and forward networks
- Wireless communication
C.2.2 Network Protocols
edit- Applications (SMTP, FTP, etc.)
- Protocol architecture (OSI model)
- Protocol verification
- Routing protocols
C.2.3 Network Operations
edit- Network management
- Network monitoring
- Public networks
C.2.4 Distributed Systems
edit- Client/server
- Distributed applications
- Distributed databases
- Network operating systems
C.2.5 Local and Wide-Area Networks
edit- Access schemes
- Buses
- Ethernet (e.g., CSMA/CD)
- High-speed (e.g., FDDI, fiber channel, ATM)
- Internet (e.g., TCP/IP)
- Token rings
C.2.6 Internetworking
editSee also #C.2.2 Network Protocols
- Routers
- Standards (e.g., TCP/IP)
- C.2.m Miscellaneous
C.3 SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS
editSee also #J.7 COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS
- Microprocessor/microcomputer applications
- Process control systems
- Real-time and embedded systems
- Signal processing systems
- Smartcards
C.4 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS
edit- Design studies
- Fault tolerance
- Measurement techniques
- Modeling techniques
- Performance attributes
- Reliability, availability, and serviceability
C.5 COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
editC.5.0 General
editC.5.1 Large and Medium ("Mainframe") Computers
edit- Super (very large) computers
C.5.3 Microcomputers
edit- Microprocessors
- Personal computers
- Portable devices (e.g., laptops, personal digital assistants)
- Workstations
C.5.4 VLSI Systems
editC.5.5 Servers
editC.5.m Miscellaneous
editC.m MISCELLANEOUS
editD. Software
editWiki category:Software Wiki Category:Programming
D.0 GENERAL
editD.1 PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
editSee also #E. Data
Wiki Category:Programming paradigms
D.1.0 General
editD.1.1 Applicative (Functional) Programming
editWiki Category:Functional programming
D.1.2 Automatic Programming
editSee also #I.2.2 Automatic Programming
D.1.3 Concurrent Programming
edit- Distributed programming
- Parallel programming
D.1.4 Sequential Programming
editD.1.5 Object-oriented Programming
editWiki Category:Object-oriented programming
D.1.6 Logic Programming
editWiki Category:Logic programming
D.1.7 Visual Programming
editD.1.m Miscellaneous
editWiki Category:Aspect-oriented programming
D.2 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
editSee also #K.6.3 Software Management
Wiki Category:Software engineering
D.2.0 General
editSee also #K.5.1 Hardware/Software Protection
Wiki Category:Software development Wiki Category:Software engineering disasters Wiki Category:Software engineering papers
- Protection mechanisms
- Standards
D.2.1 Requirements/Specifications
editSee also #D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory
- Elicitation methods (e.g., rapid prototyping, interviews, JAD)
- Languages
- Methodologies (e.g., object-oriented, structured)
- Tools
D.2.2 Design Tools and Techniques
edit- Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
- Decision tables
- Evolutionary prototyping
- Flow charts
- Modules and interfaces
- Object-oriented design methods
- Petri nets
- Software libraries
- State diagrams
- User interfaces
D.2.3 Coding Tools and Techniques
edit- Object-oriented programming
- Pretty printers
- Program editors
- Standards
- Structured programming
- Top-down programming
D.2.4 Software/Program Verification
editSee also #F.3.1 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs
Wiki category:Formal methods
- Assertion checkers
- Class invariants
- Correctness proofs
- Formal methods
- Model checking
- Programming by contract
- Reliability
- Statistical methods
- Validation
D.2.5 Testing and Debugging
editWiki Category:Software testing
- Code inspections and walk-throughs
- Debugging aids
- Diagnostics
- Distributed debugging
- Error handling and recovery
- Monitors
- Symbolic execution
- Testing tools (e.g., data generators, coverage testing)
- Tracing
D.2.6 Programming Environments
edit- Graphical environments
- Integrated environments
- Interactive environments
- Programmer workbench
D.2.7 Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement
editWiki category:Documentation generators Wiki Category:Version_control systems
- Documentation
- Portability
- Restructuring, reverse engineering, and reengineering
- Version control
D.2.8 Metrics
editSee also #D.4.8 Performance
Wiki category:Software metrics
- Complexity measures
- Performance measures
- Process metrics
- Product metrics
D.2.9 Management
editSee also #K.6.3 Software Management #K.6.4 System Management
- Cost estimation
- Life cycle
- Productivity
- Programming teams
- Software configuration management
- Software process models (e.g., CMM, ISO, PSP)
- Software quality assurance (SQA)
- Time estimation
D.2.11 Software Architectures
editWiki Category:Software_architecture
- Data abstraction
- Domain-specific architectures
- Information hiding
- Languages (e.g., description, interconnection, definition)
- Patterns (e.g., client/server, pipeline, blackboard)
D.2.12 Interoperability
edit- Data mapping
- Distributed objects
- Interface definition languages
D.2.13 Reusable Software
edit- Domain engineering
- Reusable libraries
- Reuse models
D.2.m Miscellaneous
editD.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
editWiki Category:Programming languages
D.3.0 General
editWiki Category:Lists of programming languages
- Standards
D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory
editSee also #D.2.1 Requirements/Specifications #F.3.1 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs #F.3.2 Semantics of Programming Languages #F.4.2 Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems #F.4.3 Formal Languages
- Semantics
- Syntax
D.3.2 Language Classifications
editWiki Category:Programming language families
- Applicative (functional) languages
- Concurrent, distributed, and parallel languages
- Constraint and logic languages
- Data-flow languages
- Design languages
- Extensible languages
- Macro and assembly languages
- Multiparadigm languages
- Object-oriented languages
- Specialized application languages
- Very high-level languages
D.3.3 Language Constructs and Features
editSee also #E.2 DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
- Abstract data types
- Classes and objects
- Concurrent programming structures
- Constraints
- Control structures
- Coroutines
- Data types and structures
- Dynamic storage management
- Frameworks
- Inheritance
- Input/output
- Modules, packages
- Patterns
- Polymorphism
- Procedures, functions, and subroutines
- Recursion
D.3.4 Processors
edit- Code generation
- Compilers
- Debuggers
- Incremental compilers
- Interpreters
- Memory management (garbage collection)
- Optimization
- Parsing
- Preprocessors
- Retargetable compilers
- Run-time environments
- Translator writing systems and compiler generators
D.3.m Miscellaneous
editD.4 OPERATING SYSTEMS
editSee also #C. COMPUTER SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION
Wiki Category:System software Wiki Category:Operating systems
D.4.0 General
editD.4.1 Process Management
edit- Concurrency
- Deadlocks
- Multiprocessing/multiprogramming/multitasking
- Mutual exclusion
- Scheduling
- Synchronization
- Threads
D.4.2 Storage Management
edit- Allocation/deallocation strategies
- Distributed memories
- Garbage collection
- Main memory
- Secondary storage
- Storage hierarchies
- Virtual memory
D.4.3 File Systems Management
editSee also #E.5 FILES
- Access methods
- Directory structures
- Distributed file systems
- File organization
D.4.4 Communications Management
editSee also #C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- Buffering
- Input/output
- Message sending
- Network communication
D.4.5 Reliability
edit- Backup procedures
- Checkpoint/restart
- Fault-tolerance
- Verification
D.4.6 Security and Protection
editSee also #K.6.5 Security and Protection Wiki Category:Security software
- Access controls
- Authentication
- Cryptographic controls
- Information flow controls
- Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
D.4.7 Organization and Design
edit- Distributed systems
- Interactive systems
- Real-time systems and embedded systems
D.4.8 Performance
editSee also #C.4 PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS #D.2.8 Metrics #I.6 SIMULATION AND MODELING
- Measurements
- Modeling and prediction
- Monitors
- Operational analysis
- Queueing theory
- Simulation
- Stochastic analysis
D.4.9 Systems Programs and Utilities
edit- Command and control languages
- Window managers
D.4.m Miscellaneous
editD.m MISCELLANEOUS
editE. DATA
editWiki category:Computer data Wiki Category:Computer storage
E.0 GENERAL
editE.1 DATA STRUCTURES
editWiki category:Data structures
- Arrays
- Distributed data structures
- Graphs and networks
- Lists, stacks, and queues
- Records
- Trees
Wiki category:Trees (structure)
E.2 DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
edit- Hash-table representations
Wiki category:Hashing
- Linked representations
- Object representation
E.3 DATA ENCRYPTION
editWiki category:Cryptography
- Code breaking
- Public key cryptosystems
- Standards (e.g., DES, PGP, RSA)
Wiki Category:Cryptography standards Wiki Category:PGP
E.4 CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY
editSee also #H.1.1 Systems and Information Theory Wiki Category:Information_theory, Wiki Category:Coding_theory
- Data compaction and compression
Wiki Category:Data_compression
- Error control codes
Wiki Category:Error_detection_and_correction
- Formal models of communication
Wiki Category:Communication_theory
E.5 FILES
editSee also #D.4.3 File Systems Management #F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems #H.2 DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Wiki Category:Computer file systems Wiki category:Data management Wiki Category:Computer file formats Wiki Category:File managers
- Backup/recovery
- Organization/structure
- Sorting/searching
E.m MISCELLANEOUS
editF. THEORY OF COMPUTATION
editWiki Category:Theory of computation Wiki Category:Theoretical computer science
F.0 GENERAL
editF.1 COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES
editF.1.0 General
editF.1.1 Models of Computation
editSee also #F.4.1 Mathematical Logic Wiki category:Computational models
- Automata (e.g., finite, push-down, resource-bounded)
- Bounded-action devices (e.g., Turing machines, random access machines)
- Computability theory
- Relations between models
- Self-modifying machines (e.g., neural networks)
- Unbounded-action devices (e.g., cellular automata, circuits, networks of machines)
Wiki category:Cellular automata
F.1.2 Modes of Computation
editWiki category:Computational models
- Alternation and nondeterminism
- Interactive and reactive computation
- Online computation
- Parallelism and concurrency
- Probabilistic computation
- Relativized computation
F.1.3 Complexity Measures and Classes
editSee also #F.2 ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY Wiki Category:Computational complexity theory
- Complexity hierarchies
- Reducibility and completeness
- Relations among complexity classes
- Relations among complexity measures
F.1.m Miscellaneous
editF.2 ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY
editSee also #B.6 LOGIC DESIGN #B.7 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS #F.1.3 Complexity Measures and Classes Wiki category:analysis of algorithms
F.2.0 General
editF.2.1 Numerical Algorithms and Problems
editSee also #G.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS #G.4 MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE #I.1 SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION
Wiki Category:Numerical analysis Wiki category:Algorithms Wiki category:Computer algebra
- Computation of transforms (e.g., fast Fourier transform)
- Computations in finite fields
- Computations on matrices
- Computations on polynomials
- Number-theoretic computations (e.g., factoring, primality testing)
F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
editSee also #E.2 DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS #E.3 DATA ENCRYPTION #E.4 CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY #E.5 FILES #G.2 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS #H.2 DATABASE MANAGEMENT #H.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
Wiki category:Algorithms
- Complexity of proof procedures
- Computations on discrete structures
- Geometrical problems and computations
- Pattern matching
- Routing and layout
- Sequencing and scheduling
- Sorting and searching
Wiki Category:Sort algorithms Wiki Category:Search algorithms
F.2.3 Tradeoffs between Complexity Measures
editSee also #F.1.3 Complexity Measures and Classes
Wiki Category:Analysis of algorithms
F.2.m Miscellaneous
editF.3 LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS
editF.3.0 General
editF.3.1 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs
editSee also #D.2.1 Requirements/Specifications #D.2.4 Software/Program Verification #D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory #E.1 DATA STRUCTURES
Wiki category:Formal methods
- Assertions
- Invariants
- Logics of programs
- Mechanical verification
- Pre- and post-conditions
- Specification techniques
F.3.2 Semantics of Programming Languages
editSee also #D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory
- Algebraic approaches to semantics
- Denotational semantics
- Operational semantics
- Partial evaluation
- Process models
- Program analysis
F.3.3 Studies of Program Constructs
editSee also #D.3.2 Language Classifications #D.3.3 Language Constructs and Features Wiki category:Programming constructs
- Control primitives
- Functional constructs
- Object-oriented constructs
- Program and recursion schemes
- Type structure
F.3.m Miscellaneous
editF.4 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES
editF.4.0 General
editF.4.1 Mathematical Logic
editSee also #F.1.1 Models of Computation #I.2.2 Automatic Programming #I.2.3 Deduction and Theorem Proving #I.2.4 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods
Wiki Category:Mathematical logic
- Computability theory
- Computational logic
- Lambda calculus and related systems
- Logic and constraint programming
- Mechanical theorem proving
- Modal logic
- Model theory
- Proof theory
- Recursive function theory
- Set theory
- Temporal logic
F.4.2 Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems
editSee also #D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory
Wiki category:Formal languages
- Decision problems
- Grammar types (e.g., context-free, context-sensitive)
- Parallel rewriting systems (e.g., developmental systems, L-systems)
- Parsing
- Thue systems
F.4.3 Formal Languages
editSee also #D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory
Wiki category:Formal languages
- Algebraic language theory
- Classes defined by grammars or automata (e.g., context-free languages, regular sets, recursive sets)
- Decision problems
- Operations on languages
F.4.m Miscellaneous
editF.m MISCELLANEOUS
editG. MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTING
editG.0 GENERAL
editG.1 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
editG.1.0 General
edit- Computer arithmetic
- Conditioning (and ill-conditioning)
- Error analysis
- Interval arithmetic
- Multiple precision arithmetic
- Numerical algorithms
- Parallel algorithms
- Stability (and instability)
G.1.1 Interpolation
editSee also #I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling #I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
- Extrapolation
- Interpolation formulas
- Smoothing
- Spline and piecewise polynomial interpolation
G.1.2 Approximation
edit- Approximation of surfaces and contours
- Chebyshev approximation and theory
- Elementary function approximation
- Fast Fourier transforms (FFT)
- Least squares approximation
- Linear approximation
- Minimax approximation and algorithms
- Nonlinear approximation
- Rational approximation
- Special function approximations
- Spline and piecewise polynomial approximation
- Wavelets and fractals
G.1.3 Numerical Linear Algebra
edit- Conditioning
- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors (direct and iterative methods)
- Error analysis
- Linear systems (direct and iterative methods)
- Matrix inversion
- Singular value decomposition
- Sparse, structured, and very large systems (direct and iterative methods)
G.1.4 Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation
editSee also #F.2.1 Numerical Algorithms and Problems
- Adaptive and iterative quadrature
- Automatic differentiation
- Error analysis
- Finite difference methods
- Gaussian quadrature
- Iterative methods
- Multidimensional (multiple) quadrature
G.1.5 Roots of Nonlinear Equations
edit- Continuation (homotopy) methods
- Convergence
- Error analysis
- Iterative methods
- Polynomials, methods for
- Systems of equations
G.1.6 Optimization
edit- Constrained optimization
- Convex programming
- Global optimization
- Gradient methods
- Integer programming
- Least squares methods
- Linear programming
- Nonlinear programming
- Quadratic programming methods
- Simulated annealing
- Stochastic programming
- Unconstrained optimization
G.1.7 Ordinary Differential Equations
edit- Boundary value problems
- Chaotic systems
- Convergence and stability
- Differential-algebraic equations
- Error analysis
- Finite difference methods
- Initial value problems
- Multistep and multivalue methods
- One-step (single step) methods
- Stiff equations
G.1.8 Partial Differential Equations
edit- Domain decomposition methods
- Elliptic equations
- Finite difference methods
- Finite element methods
- Finite volume methods
- Hyperbolic equations
- Inverse problems
- Iterative solution techniques
- Method of lines
- Multigrid and multilevel methods
- Parabolic equations
- Spectral methods
G.1.9 Integral Equations
edit- Delay equations
- Fredholm equations
- Integro-differential equations
- Volterra equations
G.1.10 Applications
editG.1.m Miscellaneous
editG.2 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
editG.2.0 General
editG.2.1 Combinatorics
editSee also #F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
- Combinatorial algorithms
- Counting problems
- Generating functions
- Permutations and combinations
- Recurrences and difference equations
G.2.2 Graph Theory
editSee also #F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
- Graph algorithms
- Graph labeling
- Hypergraphs
- Network problems
- Path and circuit problems
- Trees
G.2.3 Applications
editG.2.m Miscellaneous
editG.3 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
edit- Contingency table analysis
- Correlation and regression analysis
- Distribution functions
- Experimental design
- Markov processes
- Multivariate statistics
- Nonparametric statistics
- Probabilistic algorithms (including Monte Carlo)
- Queueing theory
- Random number generation
- Reliability and life testing
- Renewal theory
- Robust regression
- Statistical computing
- Statistical software
- Stochastic processes
- Survival analysis
- Time series analysis
G.4 MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE
edit- Algorithm design and analysis
- Certification and testing
- Documentation
- Efficiency
- Parallel and vector implementations
- Reliability and robustness
- User interfaces
G.m MISCELLANEOUS
editH. INFORMATION SYSTEMS
editH.0 GENERAL
editH.1 MODELS AND PRINCIPLES
editH.1.0 General
editH.1.1 Systems and Information Theory
editSee also #E.4 CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY
Wiki category:Information science Wiki category:Information technology
- General systems theory
Wiki category:Systems theory
- Information theory
- Value of information
H.1.2 User/Machine Systems
edit- Human factors
- Human information processing
- Software psychology
H.1.m Miscellaneous
editH.2 DATABASE MANAGEMENT
editSee also #E.5 FILES
H.2.0 General
editWiki category:Database management systems
H.2.1 Logical Design
edit- Data models
Wiki category:Data modeling
- Normal forms
- Schema and subschema
H.2.2 Physical Design
edit- Access methods
- Deadlock avoidance
- Recovery and restart
H.2.3 Languages
editSee also #D.3.2 Language Classifications
- Data description languages (DDL)
- Data manipulation languages (DML)
- Database (persistent) programming languages
- Query languages
Wiki category:SQL Wiki category:Query languages
- Report writers
H.2.4 Systems
edit- Concurrency
- Distributed databases
- Multimedia databases
- Object-oriented databases
- Parallel databases
- Query processing
- Relational databases
- Rule-based databases
- Textual databases
- Transaction processing
H.2.5 Heterogeneous Databases
editH.2.6 Database Machines
editH.2.7 Database Administration
edit- Data dictionary/directory
- Data warehouse and repository
- Logging and recovery
- Security, integrity, and protection
H.2.8 Database Applications
editWiki category:Knowledge discovery in databases
- Data mining
- Image databases
- Scientific databases
- Spatial databases and GIS
- Statistical databases
H.2.m Miscellaneous
editH.3 INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
editH.3.0 General
editH.3.1 Content Analysis and Indexing
edit- Abstracting methods
- Dictionaries
- Indexing methods
- Linguistic processing
- Thesauruses
H.3.2 Information Storage
edit- File organization
H.3.3 Information Search and Retrieval
edit- Clustering
- Information filtering
- Query formulation
- Relevance feedback
- Retrieval models
- Search process
- Selection process
H.3.4 Systems and Software
edit- Distributed systems
- Information networks
- Performance evaluation (efficiency and effectiveness)
- User profiles and alert services
H.3.5 Online Information Services
edit- Commercial services
- Data sharing
- Web-based services
H.3.6 Library Automation
edit- Large text archives
H.3.7 Digital Libraries
edit- Collection
- Dissemination
- Standards
- Systems issues
- User issues
H.3.m Miscellaneous
editH.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
editH.4.0 General
editH.4.1 Office Automation
editSee also #I.7 DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING
- Desktop publishing
- Groupware
- Spreadsheets
- Time management (e.g., calendars, schedules)
- Word processing
- Workflow management
H.4.2 Types of Systems
edit- Decision support (e.g., MIS)
- Logistics
H.4.3 Communications Applications
edit- Bulletin boards
- Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing
- Electronic mail
- Information browsers
- Videotex
H.4.m Miscellaneous
edit===H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION=== (e.g., HCI)
#I.7 DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING
H.5.0 General
editWiki Category:Human-computer interaction
H.5.1 Multimedia Information Systems
edit- Animations
- Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities
- Audio input/output
- Evaluation/methodology
- Video (e.g., tape, disk, DVI)
H.5.2 User Interfaces
editSee also #D.2.2 Design Tools and Techniques #H.1.2 User/Machine Systems #I.3.6 Methodology and Techniques
- Auditory (non-speech) feedback
- Benchmarking
- Ergonomics
Wiki category:Ergonomics
- Evaluation/methodology
- Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
- Haptic I/O
- Input devices and strategies (e.g., mouse, touchscreen)
- Interaction styles (e.g., commands, menus, forms, direct manipulation)
- Natural language
- Prototyping
- Screen design (e.g., text, graphics, color)
- Standardization
- Style guides
- Theory and methods
- Training, help, and documentation
- User-centered design
- User interface management systems (UIMS)
- Voice I/O
- Windowing systems
H.5.3 Group and Organization Interfaces
edit- Asynchronous interaction
- Collaborative computing
- Computer-supported cooperative work
- Evaluation/methodology
- Organizational design
- Synchronous interaction
- Theory and models
- Web-based interaction
H.5.4 Hypertext/Hypermedia
editSee also #I.7 DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING #J.7 COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS
- Architectures
- Navigation
- Theory
- User issues
H.5.5 Sound and Music Computing
editSee also #J.5 ARTS AND HUMANITIES
- Methodologies and techniques
- Modeling
- Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing
- Systems
H.5.m Miscellaneous
editH.m MISCELLANEOUS
editI. COMPUTING METHODOLOGIES
editI.0 GENERAL
editI.1 SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION
editI.1.0 General
editWiki category:Computer algebra
I.1.1 Expressions and Their Representation
editSee also #E.1 DATA STRUCTURES #E.2 DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
- Representations (general and polynomial)
- Simplification of expressions
I.1.2 Algorithms
editSee also #F.2.1 Numerical Algorithms and Problems #F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
Wiki Category:Algorithms
- Algebraic algorithms
- Analysis of algorithms
- Nonalgebraic algorithms
I.1.3 Languages and Systems
editSee also #D.3.2 Language Classifications #D.3.3 Language Constructs and Features #F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
- Evaluation strategies
- Special-purpose algebraic systems
I.1.4 Applications
editI.1.m Miscellaneous
editI.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
editI.2.0 General
editWiki category:Artificial intelligence
- Cognitive simulation
- Philosophical foundations
I.2.1 Applications and Expert Systems
editSee also #H.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS #J. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
- Cartography
- Games
- Industrial automation
- Law
- Medicine and science
- Natural language interfaces
- Office automation
I.2.2 Automatic Programming
editSee also #D.1.2 Automatic Programming #F.3.1 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs #F.4.1 Mathematical Logic
- Automatic analysis of algorithms
- Program modification
- Program synthesis
- Program transformation
- Program verification
I.2.3 Deduction and Theorem Proving
editSee also #F.4.1 Mathematical Logic
- Answer/reason extraction
- Deduction (e.g., natural, rule-based)
- Inference engines
- Logic programming
- Mathematical induction
- Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision
- Resolution
- Uncertainty, "fuzzy," and probabilistic reasoning
I.2.4 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods
editSee also #F.4.1 Mathematical Logic
- Frames and scripts
- Modal logic
- Predicate logic
- Relation systems
- Representation languages
- Representations (procedural and rule-based)
- Semantic networks
- Temporal logic
I.2.5 Programming Languages and Software
editSee also #D.3.2 Language Classifications
- Expert system tools and techniques
I.2.6 Learning
editSee also #K.3.2 Computer and Information Science Education
- Analogies
- Concept learning
- Connectionism and neural nets
- Induction
- Knowledge acquisition
- Language acquisition
- Parameter learning
I.2.7 Natural Language Processing
editWiki Category:Natural language processing
- Discourse
- Language generation
- Language models
- Language parsing and understanding
- Machine translation
- Speech recognition and synthesis
WikiCategory:Speech recognition
- Text analysis
I.2.8 Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search
editSee also #F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
- Backtracking
- Control theory
Wiki Category:Control theory
- Dynamic programming
- Graph and tree search strategies
- Heuristic methods
- Plan execution, formation, and generation
- Scheduling
I.2.9 Robotics
editWiki Category:Robotics Wiki Category:Robots
- Autonomous vehicles
- Commercial robots and applications
- Kinematics and dynamics
- Manipulators
- Operator interfaces
- Propelling mechanisms
- Sensors
- Workcell organization and planning
I.2.10 Vision and Scene Understanding
editSee also #I.4.8 Scene Analysis #I.5 PATTERN RECOGNITION
Wiki Category:Computer vision
- 3D/stereo scene analysis
- Intensity, color, photometry, and thresholding
- Modeling and recovery of physical attributes
- Motion
- Perceptual reasoning
- Representations, data structures, and transforms
- Shape
- Texture
- Video analysis
I.2.11 Distributed Artificial Intelligence
edit- Coherence and coordination
- Intelligent agents
- Languages and structures
- Multiagent systems
I.2.m Miscellaneous
editI.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
editI.3.0 General
editWiki category:Computer graphics
I.3.1 Hardware Architecture
editSee also #B.4.2 Input/Output Devices
- Graphics processors
- Input devices
- Parallel processing
- Raster display devices
I.3.2 Graphics Systems
editSee also #C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design #C.2.4 Distributed Systems #C.3 SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS
- Distributed/network graphics
I.3.3 Picture/Image Generation
edit- Bitmap and framebuffer operations
- Digitizing and scanning
- Display algorithms
- Line and curve generation
- Viewing algorithms
I.3.4 Graphics Utilities
edit- Application packages
- Graphics editors
- Graphics packages
- Paint systems
- Software support
- Virtual device interfaces
I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
edit- Boundary representations
- Curve, surface, solid, and object representations
- Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems
- Hierarchy and geometric transformations
- Modeling packages
- Object hierarchies
- Physically based modeling
- Splines
I.3.6 Methodology and Techniques
edit- Ergonomics
- Graphics data structures and data types
- Interaction techniques
- Languages
- Standards
I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
editWiki Category:3D computer graphics
- Animation
- Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
- Fractals
Wiki Category:Fractals
- Hidden line/surface removal
- Radiosity
- Raytracing
- Virtual reality
- Visible line/surface algorithms
I.3.8 Applications
editI.3.m Miscellaneous
editI.4 IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION
editI.4.0 General
edit- Image displays
- Image processing software
I.4.1 Digitization and Image Capture
edit- Camera calibration
- Imaging geometry
- Quantization
- Radiometry
- Reflectance
- Sampling
- Scanning
I.4.2 Compression (Coding)
editSee also #E.4 CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY
- Approximate methods
I.4.3 Enhancement
edit- Filtering
- Geometric correction
- Grayscale manipulation
- Registration
- Smoothing
I.4.4 Restoration
edit- Kalman filtering
I.4.5 Reconstruction
edit- Series expansion methods
- Transform methods
I.4.6 Segmentation
edit- Edge and feature detection
- Pixel classification
- Region growing, partitioning
- Relaxation
I.4.7 Feature Measurement
edit- Feature representation
- Invariants
- Moments
- Projections
- Size and shape
- Texture
I.4.8 Scene Analysis
edit- Color
- Depth cues
- Motion
- Object recognition
- Photometry
- Range data
- Sensor fusion
- Shading
- Shape
- Stereo
- Surface fitting
- Time-varying imagery
- Tracking
I.4.9 Applications
editI.4.10 Image Representation
edit- Hierarchical
- Morphological
- Multidimensional
- Statistical
- Volumetric
I.4.m Miscellaneous
editI.5 PATTERN RECOGNITION
editI.5.0 General
editI.5.1 Models
edit- Fuzzy set
- Geometric
- Neural nets
- Statistical
- Structural
I.5.2 Design Methodology
edit- Classifier design and evaluation
- Feature evaluation and selection
- Pattern analysis
I.5.3 Clustering
edit- Algorithms
- Similarity measures
I.5.4 Applications
edit- Computer vision
- Signal processing
- Text processing
- Waveform analysis
I.5.5 Implementation
editSee also #C.3 SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS
- Interactive systems
- Special architectures
I.5.m Miscellaneous
editI.6 SIMULATION AND MODELING
editSee also #G.3 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
I.6.0 General
editWiki category:Scientific modeling, Wiki category:Computational science
I.6.1 Simulation Theory
edit- Model classification
- Systems theory
Wiki category:Systems theory , Wiki category:Systems
I.6.2 Simulation Languages
editI.6.3 Applications
editI.6.4 Model Validation and Analysis
editI.6.5 Model Development
edit- Modeling methodologies
I.6.6 Simulation Output Analysis
editI.6.7 Simulation Support Systems
edit- Environments
I.6.8 Types of Simulation
edit- Animation
- Combined
- Continuous
- Discrete event
- Distributed
- Gaming
- Monte Carlo
Wiki Category:Monte Carlo method
- Parallel
- Visual
I.6.m Miscellaneous
editI.7 DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING
editSee also #H.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS #H.5 INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION
I.7.0 General
editWiki category:Word processors
I.7.1 Document and Text Editing
edit- Document management
- Version control
I.7.2 Document Preparation
edit- Desktop publishing
- Format and notation
- Hypertext/hypermedia
Wiki Category:Hypertext
- Index generation
- Languages and systems
- Markup languages
Wiki Category:Markup languages
- Multi/mixed media
- Photocomposition/typesetting
- Scripting languages
Wiki Category:Scripting languages
- Standards
I.7.4 Electronic Publishing
editSee also #H.5.4 Hypertext/Hypermedia #J.7 COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS
I.7.5 Document Capture
editSee also #I.4.1 Digitization and Image Capture
- Document analysis
- Graphics recognition and interpretation
- Optical character recognition (OCR)
- Scanning
I.7.m Miscellaneous
editI.m MISCELLANEOUS
editJ. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
editJ.0 GENERAL
editWiki category:Application software
J.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING
edit- Business
- Education
- Financial (e.g., EFTS)
- Government
- Law
- Manufacturing
- Marketing
- Military
J.2 PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
edit- Aerospace
- Archaeology
- Astronomy
- Chemistry
- Earth and atmospheric sciences
- Electronics
- Engineering
- Mathematics and statistics
- Physics
J.3 LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
edit- Biology and genetics
- Health
- Medical information systems
J.4 SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
edit- Economics
- Psychology
- Sociology
J.5 ARTS AND HUMANITIES
edit- Architecture
- Fine arts
- Language translation
- Linguistics
- Literature
- Performing arts (e.g., dance, music)
Wiki Category:Musical software
J.6 COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING
edit- Computer-aided design (CAD)
Wiki Category:Computer-aided design software
- Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
J.7 COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS
editSee also #C.3 SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS
- Command and control
- Consumer products
- Industrial control
- Military
- Process control
- Publishing
Wiki Category:Typesetting software
- Real time
J.m MISCELLANEOUS
editK. COMPUTING MILIEUX
editK.0 GENERAL
editK.1 THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY
editWiki Category:Computer industry
- Markets
- Standards
Wiki Category:Computer and telecommunication standards
- Statistics
- Suppliers
K.2 HISTORY OF COMPUTING
editWiki Category:History of computing
- Hardware
- People
Wiki Category:Computer pioneers
- Software
- Systems
- Theory
K.3 COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION
editK.3.0 General
editK.3.1 Computer Uses in Education
edit- Collaborative learning
- Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
- Computer-managed instruction (CMI)
- Distance learning
K.3.2 Computer and Information Science Education
edit- Accreditation
- Computer science education
- Curriculum
- Information systems education
- Literacy
- Self-assessment
K.3.m Miscellaneous
editK.4 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY
editK.4.0 General
editWiki Category:Computing and society
K.4.1 Public Policy Issues
edit- Abuse and crime involving computers
- Computer-related health issues
- Ethics
- Human safety
- Intellectual property rights
- Privacy
- Regulation
- Transborder data flow
- Use/abuse of power
K.4.2 Social Issues
edit- Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities
- Employment
K.4.3 Organizational Impacts
edit- Automation
- Computer-supported collaborative work
- Employment
- Reengineering
K.4.4 Electronic Commerce
editSee also #J.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING
- Cybercash, digital cash
- Distributed commercial transactions
- Electronic data interchange (EDI)
- Intellectual property
- Payment schemes
- Security
K.4.m Miscellaneous
editK.5 LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING
editWiki category:Computer law Wiki Category:United States internet case law Wiki Category:Computer law
K.5.0 General
editK.5.1 Hardware/Software Protection
edit- Copyrights
- Licensing
Wiki category:Software licenses
- Patents
- Proprietary rights
K.5.2 Governmental Issues
edit- Censorship
- Regulation
- Taxation
K.5.m Miscellaneous
editK.6 MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
editK.6.0 General
edit- Economics
K.6.1 Project and People Management
edit- Life cycle
- Management techniques (e.g., PERT/CPM)
- Staffing
- Strategic information systems planning
- Systems analysis and design
- Systems development
- Training
K.6.2 Installation Management
edit- Benchmarks
Wiki Category:Computer benchmarks
- Computer selection
- Computing equipment management
- Performance and usage measurement
- Pricing and resource allocation
K.6.3 Software Management
editSee also #D.2.9 Management
- Software development
- Software maintenance
- Software process
- Software selection
K.6.4 System Management
edit- Centralization/decentralization
- Management audit
- Quality assurance
K.6.5 Security and Protection
editSee also #D.4.6 Security and Protection #K.4.2 Social Issues
- Authentication
- Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
- Unauthorized access (e.g., hacking, phreaking)
K.6.m Miscellaneous
editK.7 THE COMPUTING PROFESSION
editWiki Category:Computer professionals
K.7.0 General
editK.7.1 Occupations
editK.7.2 Organizations
editWiki Category:Computer-related organizations
K.7.3 Testing, Certification, and Licensing
editK.7.4 Professional Ethics
editSee also #K.4 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY
- Codes of ethics
- Codes of good practice
- Ethical dilemmas
K.7.m Miscellaneous
editK.8 PERSONAL COMPUTING
editK.8.0 General
edit- Games
K.8.1 Application Packages
edit- Data communications
- Database processing
- Freeware/shareware
- Graphics
- Spreadsheets
- Word processing