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Dennis Herring's Wikipedia's Hallstatt culture article for ENGL1101.62

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Reading List

A numbered list of all your readings go here. Use the following format:

• Author’s name. (Date). Short title.
• Alexander, Harriet Semmes. (1984). American and British Poetry: A Guide to the Criticism, 1925-1978
• Ibiblio "Celts Historical Background" Retrieved 20 September 2015

Western Hallstatt zone

• The western Hallstatt zone includes:
  • northeastern France: Champagne-Ardenne, Lorraine, Alsace
  • northern Switzerland: Swiss plateau
  • Southern Germany: much of Swabia and Bavaria
  • western Czech Republic: Bohemia
  • western Austria: Vorarlberg, Tyrol, Salzkammergut
  • Central and North Italy: Po valley, Liguria, Venetia , Marche, Abruzzo, Friuli
  • northern and central Spain: Galicia, Asturias, Castile, Cantabria
  • northern and north-central Portugal: Minho, Douro, Tras-os-Montes, Beira Alta

While Hallstatt is regarded as the dominant settlement of the western zone, a settlement at the Burgstallkogel in the central Sulm valley (southern Styria, west of Leibnitz, Austria) was a major center during the Hallstatt C period. Parts of the huge necropolis (which originally consisted of more than 1,100 tumuli) surrounding this settlement can be seen today near Gleinstätten.

Grave items from a chieftain's grave, including bronze armor and the burial mask and hands from the Kröllkogel between towns of Gleinstätten and Kleinklein as well as the famous Cult Wagon of Strettweg from the Strettweg excavation near Judenburg, Styria are on display in the Joanneum's Archaeology Museum located at Schloss Eggenberg in the Styrian capital of Graz.

Revised

Western Hallstatt zone

• The western Hallstatt zone includes:
  • northeastern France: Champagne-Ardenne, Lorraine, Alsace
  • northern Switzerland: Swiss plateau
  • Southern Germany: much of Swabia and Bavaria
  • western Czech Republic: Bohemia
  • western Austria: Vorarlberg, Tyrol, Salzkammergut
  • Central and North Italy: Po valley, Liguria, Venetia , Marche, Abruzzo, Friuli
  • northern and central Spain: Galicia, Asturias, Castile, Cantabria
  • northern and north-central Portugal: Minho, Douro, Tras-os-Montes, Beira Alta

While Hallstatt is regarded as the dominant settlement of the western zone, a settlement at the Burgstallkogel in the central Sulm valley (southern Styria, west of Leibnitz, Austria) was a major center during the Hallstatt C period. Parts of the huge necropolis (which originally consisted of more than 1,100 tumuli) surrounding this settlement can be seen today near Gleinstätten.

Grave items from a chieftain's grave, including bronze armor and the burial mask and hands from the Kröllkogel between towns of Gleinstätten and Kleinklein as well as the famous Cult Wagon of Strettweg from the Strettweg excavation near Judenburg, Styria are on display in the Joanneum's Archaeology Museum located at Schloss Eggenberg in the Styrian capital of Graz.

Its possible there was Hallstatt activity in England as well, especially in the southeastern region around where the Atrebates, Iceni, and Belgae would later emerge. The region was settled around the end of the period but it is unknown when exactly Celts arrived, thus leading to the debatably of a Hallstatt culture.

Original Contribution

Distinction From Later Celtic Cultures

The Celts of the time were not as widespread as the descendants, having only just begun to spread territory, not spreading to the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula until near the end of the period. The culture is also missing several key features associated with later Celts, the changes usually associated with increased contact from southern cultures from Italy and Greeks who had settled in Southern Gaul. The Hallstatt were far more survivalist, with most of the culture doing what was most efficient without expressing themselves, while later Celts would often have lavish burials, adorn there weapons and armor, and dabble more in the arts.

Notes

Ibiblio "Celts Historical Background" Retrieved 20 September 2015

Kosh, John C "Celtic Culture A Historical Encyclopedia" Abc Clio pg 887 Retrieved 14 October 2015

Janson, Horst "History of the Western Tradition" Pearson Prentice Hall Retrieved 14 October 2015

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=adf82d5b-0301-474b-bc6c-9ccadc3d28e1%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4203&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=CE081000&db=funk