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List of Texan survivors of the Goliad Campaign new article content ...
Below is a list of the men that escaped execution while members of the Texian Army in south Texas, after the arrival of elements of the army of Mexico under José Urrea, during the Goliad Campaign.
Background
editWhen the Battle of Coleto ended at approximately 7:30 a.m. on March 20, 1836, almost 700 native and immigrant Texians had at some time participated as defenders at the Presidio La Bahia in Goliad, Texas.[1] The conflict, a part of the Texas Revolution, was part of the second phase in Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's three phase attempt to retake the province of Texas after an insurgent army of Texian settlers and adventurers from the United States had driven out all Mexican troops the previous year.[2]
Execution policy
editIn preparation for marching on Texas, Santa Anna had gained approval from the Mexican Congress to issue a resolution that all "foreigners landing on the coast of the Republic or invading its territory by land, armed, and with the intent of attacking our country, will be deemed pirates" and executed.[3]
Mexican army arrives in central Texas
editAs part of Santa Anna's first phase, he led an army to San Antonio de Bexar, on February 23, 1836 and initiated a siege of the Alamo.[4] As the Mexican army had approached San Antonio, Texians and their families entered into the Alamo for safety.[5][6] During the siege, multiple couriers were sent to the acting Texas government, the Texian army in La Bahia (Goliad) led by James Fannin, and other Texas communities, asking for relief forces, provisions, and powder.[7] The siege culminated in an early-morning assault by Mexican troops which left almost all of the Texian defenders dead.[3][8]
Mexican army arrives in south Texas
editPrisoners taken
editSan Patricio
editTexian Army commanders, James Grant, Frank W. Johnson and Robert C. Morris, had formed plans to assault the Mexican town of Matamoros. Searching for horses for their expedition, they ventured south towards Refugio and La Bahia. On February 27, 1836, Urrea's advance patrol discovered Frank Johnson with about seventy Texians camped near the abandoned settlement at San Patricio. At 3:30 a.m., Mexican troops surprised the Texans, killing about twenty and taking thirty-two as prisoners. The battle had lasted a few hours, ending with the escape of Johnson and four others. The men later escaped to rejoin James Fannin's command at Goliad.
Agua Dulce
editGrant and Morris's men were also surprised on March 2 by Urrea's command while camping at Agua Dulce Creek. The Mexican forces killed Grant and Morris and twelve other Texians. The survivors were captured and marched to the prison at Matamoros.
San Antonio
editThe Mexican army arrived in San Antonio on February 23 and initiated a siege of the Alamo garrison. On March 6, a battle of the Alamo commenced with heavy casualties on both sides. A few Texan non-combatants were released. After the arrival of Alamo survivors in Gonzales on March 13, they met with Sam Houston, the commander of all Texian forces, waiting there with about 400 men organized by James C. Neill and Colonel Edward Burleson.[9][10] Sue Dickinson and Joe related the details of the battle and the apparent death or execution of all defenders under the order of no quarter and the assumed strength of Santa Anna's army. Upon receiving this information, Houston advised all civilians to evacuate along with himself and the army.[9] and then ordered the army to fall back.[11] This was the start of the Runaway Scrape, in which many of the Texian colonists, the army and the acting government, fled eastward in advance of the approaching Mexican army.[12]
Goliad
editFurther south, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had sent General José Urrea marching into Texas from Matamoros, making his way north by following the coast of Texas. On March 19, he had quickly advanced and surrounded 300 retreating men in the Texian Army on the open prairie, near La Bahia (Goliad). A two day Battle of Coleto ensued with the Texians holding their own on the first day. However, the Mexicans would receive overwhelming reinforcements and heavy artillery. Due to their critical predicament, Texan Colonel James Fannin and his staff had voted to surrender the Texian forces on the 20th. They were returned to their former fort in Goliad, which now became their prison.[1] Albert Clinton Horton and company had been acting as the advance and rear guards for Fannins company. Surprised by an overwhelming Mexican force, they were chased off and escaped, however 18 of the group were captured and marched back to Goliad.[13]
Refugio
editAmon B. King and a group of men had encountered the Mexican army in Refugio. King and a few others were captured and had been executed on March 16, but about 15-18 men that were with him, were taken as prisoners and marched to Goliad, to serve as blacksmiths or mechanics.
Copano
editArriving in Texas, 80 soldiers of William Parsons Miller and the Nashville Battalion had been captured on the 20th and marched in to Goliad on the 23rd. Being detained separately from the other prisoners, since they had surrendered without weaponry.
Lavaca Bay
editOn March 22, William Ward and the Georgia Battalion (80 men plus Ward), surrendered near Lavaca Bay after escaping from the Battle of Refugio. About 26 men were retained at Victoria as laborers, but 55 prisoners were marched into Goliad, on March 25th.[14]
Lives taken - mass execution
editOn March 26, 1836, 19:00, Portilla had received orders from Santa Anna in triplicate to execute the prisoners. On March 27, 1836, at about 08:00 a.m. on Palm Sunday, Colonel Jose Nicolas de la Portilla had the Texians that were still able enough to walk, march out of La Bahia in three separate columns to the San Antonio Road, Victoria Road and the San Patricio Road. Once the columns reached their selected destinations, the Mexican soldiers formed into two ranks on one side of the prisoners. The Texians were then shot down at point-blank range all within a few hundred yards of the fort.[15]
Avoided massacre
edit- Fannin's advance guards - left before the massacre
Francis L. DeSauque and John Chenoweth and company were sent out from Goliad to forage and scout in anticipation of the Fannin's march on San Antonio. They were unaware that Mexican forces were in the area. Instructed to hold the Cibolo, they encountered Juan Seguin and his relief forces while near the Cibolo on February 28. They informed Seguin that Fannin was in route to relieve the Alamo defenders and should only be about two days away. After receiving a missive from Fannin, that the relief mission had failed, DeSauque returned to Goliad, where he was killed. Chenoweth went to Gonzales, then joined Houston and on to San Jacinto.[16]
- Horton's Company - escaped before the massacre
Fannin's forward guards-rode ahead of Fannin's attempted rendezvous with the Texas army at Victoria and escaped on March 19-20. This group included:
Captain Albert C. Horton, Lt. James W. Moore, Thomas Jefferson Adams, Norman Austin, Dr. John Walker Baylor (Shackelford's Co), Jacob Betts, Garrett E. Boom, George J. Bridgeman (Bullock's Co), George Whitfield Brooks, J.W. Buckner, Thomas Cantwell, Joseph Clements, Lewis DeMoss, William DeMoss, Nicholas M. Eastland, Joseph Fenner, William C. Francis, Jefferson George, Francis Jones, John Jones, Augustus S. Kincheloe, Charles Morgan, John L. Osborn, Thomas Osborn, Michael Riley, George N. Robinson, Levi Pendleton Scott, Christopher Terrell, Thomas S. Thompson, George W. Wheelwright, Ralph Wright. Other members of this group, like the rear guards did not fare as well and were shot or captured and marched to Goliad.[17]
- Miller's Battalion - spared from the massacre
William Parsons Miller and the Nashville Battalion landed in Copano, Texas on March 20 and was captured by José de Urrea's Mexican troops and marched to Goliad as prisoners. The 80 member Nashville Battalion was held until after the massacre and then marched to Matamoros. They were later freed by the terms of the Treaty of Velasco.[18]
Survivors
editHere is a list of the men that escaped execution while members of the Texian Army, after the arrival of elements of the army of José Urrea, during the Goliad Campaign.
| Name | Status in Goliad Campaign | Status | Company | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frank W. Johnson | Colonel | escaped | Col. Johnson's Command | escaped San Patricio, 27 February | |
| John H. Love | soldier | escaped | Johnson's Command | escaped San Patricio, 27 February | |
| Daniel J. Toler | soldier | escaped | Johnson's Command | escaped San Patricio, 27 February | |
| Arreola | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| William B. Benson | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| John Bryan | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| George Copeland | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Sebastian Francois | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| William L. Hall | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Lucius H. Kerr | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| William Langenheim | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Phineas Jenks Mahan | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Samuel W. McKneely | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Thomas S. Mitchell | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Hutchins M. Pittman | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Thomas Robison | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| John Spiess | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Zambrano | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| unidentified native Texian from Bexar | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| unidentified native Texian from Bexar | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| unidentified native Texian from Bexar | soldier | spared | Johnson's Command | captured and sent to Matamoros | |
| Reuben R. Brown | soldier | spared | James Grant's Command | saved by Francita Alavez, sent to Matamoros prison | |
| John Collett | soldier | spared | Dr. James Grant's Command | sent to Matamoros prison | |
| Stillman S. Curtis | soldier | spared | Dr. James Grant's Command | sent to Matamoros prison | |
| Nelson Jones | soldier | spared | Dr. James Grant's Command | sent to Matamoros prison | |
| Cayetano's friend | soldier | spared | Dr. James Grant's Command | sent to Matamoros prison | |
| Cayetano | soldier | spared | Dr. James Grant's Command | sent to Matamoros prison | |
| Plácido Benavides | soldier | escaped | Dr. James Grant's Command | escaped Agua Dulce, 2 March, furloughed by Fannin | |
| William Scurlock (Innlock) | Captain | spared as nurse | Dr. James Grant's Command | escaped Agua Dulce, 2 March and joined Fannin | |
| David I. Holt | Quartermaster | spared | James Fannin's Command (regulars) | caught with Ward's company, spared on Mar.27 | |
| Lewis M.H. Washington | asst. Quartermaster & Regimental Clerk | spared | Fannin's Command | members of Fannin's regulars spared on Mar.27 | |
| James Hughes akaBills | commissary | spared | Fannin's Command | members of Fannin's regulars spared on Mar.27 | |
| James Fields | surgeon | spared | Fannin's Command | members of Fannin's regulars spared on Mar.27 | |
| James H. Barnard | surgeon | spared | Fannin's Command | members of Fannin's regulars spared on Mar.27 | |
| Lewis T. Ayers | soldier | spared | King's Command | Refugio colonist spared by Colonel J. J. Holzinger | |
| Francis Dietrich | soldier | spared | Captured with King, Fraser's Command | spared by Colonel J. J. Holzinger | |
| Nicholas Fagan | blacksmith | spared | Captured with King, Fraser's Command | intervention by Captain Don Carlos de la Garza | |
| John Fagan | soldier | spared | Captured with King, Fraser's Command | intervention by Captain Don Carlos de la Garza | |
| Charles Jenson | soldier | spared | Captured with King, Westover's Command | intervention by Colonel J. J. Holzinger | |
| Benjamin D. Odlum | soldier | spared | Captured with King | Refugio colonist spared by Colonel J. J. Holzinger | |
| Abraham H. Osborn | soldier | spared | Bullock's Command | spared with help of a native Tejano "Cobian" with appeal of his wife to Gen. José de Urrea | |
| William H. Butler | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | got separated from group and escaped near Victoria | |
| John Bright | soldier | escaped | Winn's Command | got separated from group and escaped near Victoria | |
| O.H. Perry Davis | soldier | escaped | Wyatt's Command | got separated from group and escaped near Victoria | |
| Henry G. Hudson | soldier | escaped | Wyatt's Command | got separated from group and escaped near Victoria | |
| Hugh Rogers | soldier | escaped | Wadsworth's Command | got separated from group and escaped near Victoria | |
| Richard Rutledge | 3rd Sgt. | escaped | Ticknor's Command | got separated from group and escaped near Victoria | |
| Joseph Andrews | soldier | escaped | Bullock's Command | escaped at the Guadalupe River near Victoria night of 21 March | |
| Benjamin F. Bradford | 1st Lt. | escaped | escaped with Ward, Wyatt's Co | escaped at the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| Samuel G. Hardaway | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | escaped at the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| Charles Frederick Heck | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Ticknor's Command | left the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| Allen Ingram | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | escaped at the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| M. K. Moses | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | escaped at the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| L.T. Pease | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | escaped at the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| Joel D. Rains | 4th Sgt. | escaped | escaped with Ward, Wyatt's Command | escaped at the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| George Rounds | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | escaped at the Guadalupe night of 21 March | |
| James P. Trezevant | soldier | escaped | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | left at the Guadalupe night of 21 March, escaped | |
| James H. Barnwell | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| James H. Callaghan | 3rd Sgt. | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Winn's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Joseph Gamble | soldier | spared, let building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Roderick Pierce Hammock | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Andrew Jackson Hitchcock | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Thomas Horry | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| John C.P. Kennymore | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| John James Lamkin | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March let escape | escaped with Ward, Wyatt's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| James H. Neely | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March let escape | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| John O'Daniel Jr. | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Ticknor's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Edward Patterson | 1st Sgt. | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Ticknor's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Thomas J. Smith | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Westover's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| John T. Spiller(s) | soldier | spared | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | captured, building boats at Victoria, 23 March, by intercession 27 March | |
| Thomas G. Stewart | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| William A.O. Wadsworth | Captain | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Wadsworth's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| William L. (Cubelo) Wilkinson | soldier | spared, building boats at Victoria, 23 March | escaped with Ward, Bullock's Command | let escape, intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Emanuel Durain | soldier | spared, detained in Victoria by General José de Urrea | Wadsworth's Command | let escape, intercession by Urrea, Francita Alavez | |
| Sion Duff Greene | soldier | spared, detained in Victoria by General José de Urrea | Ticknor's Command | let escape, intercession by Urrea, Francita Alavez | |
| Martin Moran | soldier | spared, detained in Victoria by General José de Urrea | Winn's Command | let escape, intercession by Urrea, Francita Alavez | |
| James Benjamin F. Mordecai | soldier | spared, detained in Victoria by General José de Urrea | Bullock's Command | let escape, intercession by Urrea, Francita Alavez | |
| William Welsh | soldier | spared, detained in Victoria by General José de Urrea | Ticknor's Command | let escape, intercession by Urrea, Francita Alavez | |
| William Haddin | soldier | escaped | Captain Albert C. Horton's Command | escaped during Goliad massacre | |
| Daniel Martindale | soldier | escaped | Captain Horton's Command | escaped during Goliad massacre | |
| Francisco García | soldier | spared | Captain Horton's Command | spared execution by intercession | |
| Benjamin F. Hughes | drummer, 15yrs old | spared | Captain Horton's Command | spared execution by intercession by Francita Alavez | |
| Charles Smith | soldier | spared | Captain Horton's Command | spared execution by intercession | |
| Silas M. Durret | soldier | escaped | Captain Horton's Command | escaped to Victoria night of 18 March | |
| Elam Ludington | soldier | escaped | Captain Horton's Command | escaped to Victoria night of 18 March | |
| Samuel T. Brown | 3rd Cpl. | escaped | Captain Bullock's Command (First Regiment Texas Volunteers) | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Francis M. Hunt | 1st Sgt. | possibly escaped | Bullock's Command | escaped during massacre 27 March (inconclusive) | |
| Thomas Smith aka Abel Morgan | soldier | spared | Bullock's Command | by intercession 27 March | |
| Munroe Bullock | soldier | spared | Bullock's Command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| Robert Dickinson | 4th Sgt. | spared | Bullock's Command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| Basil Lamar | 1st Lt. | spared | Bullock's Command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| Alexander E. Patton | 2nd Lt. | spared | Bullock's Command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| Joseph T. Williams | soldier | spared | Bullock's Command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| Joseph Gramble | soldier | escaped | Captain Wadsworth's Command(First Regiment Texas Volunteers) | escaped on the 27 | |
| Samuel P. Wallace | soldier | escaped | Captain Wadsworth's Command | escaped on the 27 | |
| Amos D. Kenyon | soldier | spared | Captain Wadsworth's Command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| John Smith | soldier | spared | Captain Wadsworth's Command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| John Barton | soldier | spared | James C. Winn Command(First Regiment Texas Volunteers) | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| Neill John Devenny | soldier | escaped | Captain Burke's Company of Grays (New Orleans Greys reorg as Mobile Grays) | Escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Herman Ehrenberg | soldier | escaped | Burke's Grays Company org. N.O.Grey | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Thomas Kemp | soldier | escaped | Burke's Grays Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| William Rosenbury | soldier | spared | Burke's Grays Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Joseph H. Spohn | soldier | spared | Burke's Grays Company org. N.O.Grey | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Alvin E. White | soldier | spared | Burke's Grays Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Joseph Hopkins | soldier | spared | Burke's Grays Company | spared because was absent or sick at time of Battle | |
| Thomas G. Allen | soldier | escaped | Captain Duval's Company of Kentucky Mustangs | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| John Crittenden Duval | soldier | escaped | Duval's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| John C. Holliday | soldier | escaped | Duval's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| William Mason | soldier | escaped | Duval's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Charles B. Shain | soldier | escaped | Duval's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Augustus V. Sharpe | soldier | escaped | Duval's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| John Van Bibber (ill) | soldier | spared | Duval's Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Sidney Van Bibber | soldier | spared | Duval's Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Ulrich Wuthrich | soldier | spared | Duval's Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Dr. William H. Magee | soldier | spared | Duval's Company | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| William Brenan | soldier | escaped | Captain Pettus' Company (New Orleans Greys reorg. as San Antonio Greys) Command | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Benjamin H. Holland | Captain | escaped | Pettus' Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| William Lockhart Hunter | Sergeant | escaped | Pettus' Company org N.O.Grey | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Milton Irish | soldier | escaped | Pettus' Greys Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| David J. Jones | soldier | escaped | Pettus' Greys Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| John Rees | soldier | escaped | Pettus' Greys Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Peter Griffin | soldier | spared | Pettus' Greys Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| George Andrew Vose | soldier | spared | Pettus' Greys Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Jack Shackelford | Captain | spared | Captain Shackelford's Company of Alabama Red Rovers | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Zachariah S. Brooks | soldier | escaped | Shackelford's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Dillard Cooper | soldier | escaped | Shackelford's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Isaac D. Hamilton | 2nd Sergeant | escaped | Shackelford's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Wilson Simpson | soldier | escaped | Shackelford's Company | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Francis S. Early | 1st Lt. | spared | Shackelford's Company | spared because was absent or sick at time of Battle | |
| Simpson Tennant | soldier | spared | Shackelford's Company | spared because was absent or sick at time of Battle | |
| Andrew Michael Boyle | soldier | spared | Westover's Company (Regular Army) | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| George Pittuck | soldier | spared | Westover's Company | spared execution by intercession 27 March | |
| Bennett McNelly | 3rd Lt. | spared | Westover's Company | spared because was absent or sick at time of Battle | |
| Francis W. Thornton | 1st. Lt. | spared | Westover's Company | spared because was absent or sick at time of Battle | |
| Bennett Butler | soldier | escaped | Wyatt's Company (Louisville Volunteers) | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| John B. Sideck | soldier | spared | Fraser's Command | spared by de la Garza's intervention. | |
| James W. Byrnes | soldier | spared | Fraser's Command | spared by de la Garza's intervention. | |
| Edward Perry | soldier | spared | Fraser's Command | spared by de la Garza's intervention. | |
| Anthony Sideck | soldier | spared | Fraser's Command | spared by de la Garza's intervention. | |
| Nathaniel Hazen | soldier | escaped | unknown command | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Joseph W. Hicks | soldier | escaped | unknown command | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Daniel (William) Murphy | soldier | escaped | unknown command | escaped during massacre 27 March | |
| Isham. J. Good | soldier | spared | unknown command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| Joseph Howe | soldier | spared | unknown command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle | |
| John Lourey/Lowary | soldier | spared | unknown command | spared because was absent or sick at time of battle |
References
edit- ^ a b Hardin (1994), pg. 173
- ^ Todish et al., The Alamo Sourcebook, p. 26.
- ^ a b Scott, After the Alamo, p. 71.
- ^ Edmondson, The Alamo Story, p. 303.
- ^ Lindley (2003), p. 94.
- ^ Lord, A Time to Stand, p. 95.
- ^ Edmondson, The Alamo Story, pp. 302, 312, 345.
- ^ Edmondson, The Alamo Story, pp. 373.
- ^ a b Todish et al., The Alamo Sourcebook, p. 67.
- ^ Nofi, The Alamo and the Texas War of Independence, p. 139.
- ^ Lord, The Alamo, p. 182.
- ^ Todish et al., The Alamo Sourcebook, p. 68.
- ^ Matthew Ellenberger, "HORTON, ALBERT CLINTON," Handbook of Texas Online [1], accessed June 09, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- ^ Castaneda (1970), p. 19.
- ^ Edmonson (2000), p. 379.
- ^ Bill Groneman, "DESAUQUE, FRANCIS L.," Handbook of Texas Online [2], accessed June 29, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- ^ Matthew Ellenberger, "HORTON, ALBERT CLINTON," Handbook of Texas Online [3], accessed June 29, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- ^ Craig H. Roell, "MILLER, WILLIAM PARSONS," Handbook of Texas Online [4], accessed June 29, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
External links
editThere are almost 700 men on the list that contains the names of soldiers that were at one time part of the Goliad Campaign. Some members left before the main battles; furloughed, got sick, joined the Runaway Scrape, retired from the army, joined with Houston, etc., and could have been victims of the Goliad Massacre, if their situation had turned out different.
- Fannin Muster Roll Study TSHA [5]
- TAMU, Goliad Campaign [6]
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