User:C. M. Belanger Nzakimuena/sandbox
Deification and iconography edit
There is evidence which supports the view that ancient Egyptians often depicted human skin color faithfully in their artworks (e.g. in images associated with the Book of Gates,[1]: 151 appearing on the murals of the tomb of Pharaoh Seti I and of Sennedjem in Deir el-Medina, and on murals of Ramses II's temples,[2]: 7 in Nubia).[3] In most artistic depictions of Ahmose-Nefertari, she is pictured with black skin.[4] In the early 20th century, Flinders Petrie spoke of "a black queen",[5] Ahmose-Nefertari, who was the "divine ancestress of the XVIIIth dynasty". He described her physically as having "an aquiline nose, long and thin, and was of a type not in the least prognathous".[6] In 1961 Alan Gardiner wrote of the paintings of Ahmose-Nefertari that she was "depicted for some unaccountable reason with a black countenance, but also sometimes with a blue one; if she was a daughter of Kamose she will have had no black blood in her veins."[7] In 1974, Cheikh Anta Diop described her as "typically negroid."[8]: 17 In the book Black Athena, Martin Bernal (grandson of Egyptologist Alan Gardiner) regarded her skin color in paintings as a clear sign of Nubian ancestry.[9]
- ^ "THE SHORT FORM OF THE BOOK OF ẠM-ṬUAT", The Egyptian Heaven and Hell: Volume II (Routledge Revivals), Routledge, pp. 1–42, 2014-08-01, ISBN 978-1-315-76286-9, retrieved 2020-11-20
- ^ Ramzy, Nelly (2015-06-19). "THE GENIUS LOCI AT THE GREAT TEMPLE OF ABU SIMBEL: HERMENEUTIC READING IN THE ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEMPLES OF RAMSES II IN NUBIA". JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY. 2 (2). doi:10.14795/j.v2i2.106. ISSN 2360-266X.
- ^ Mark, Joshua J. "Color in Ancient Egypt". Ancient History Encyclopedia.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Gitton, Michel (1973). "Ahmose Nefertari, sa vie et son culte posthume". École Pratique des Hautes études, 5e Section, Sciences Religieuses. 85 (82): 84. doi:10.3406/ephe.1973.20828. ISSN 0183-7451.
- ^ Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. "(still image) Neues Reich. Theben [Thebes]: Der el Medînet [Dayr al-Madînah Site]: Stuckbild aus Grab 10. [jetzt im K. Museum zu Berlin.], (1849 - 1856)". The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ Petrie 1939, p. 155.
- ^ Gardiner, Alan H. (1961). Egypt of the Pharaohs: an introduction. Oxford: Oxford University press., p.175
- ^ Mokhtar, G. (1990). General History of Africa II: Ancient Civilizations of Africa. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 1-118. ISBN 978-0-520-06697-7.
- ^ Martin Bernal (1987), Black Athena: Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. The Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985, vol. I. New Jersey, Rutgers University Press