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Trimethylphosphine oxide
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Trimethylphosphane oxide
Other names
Trimethylphosphine oxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
EC Number
  • 211-633-9
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C3H9OP/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-3H3 checkY
    Key: LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1S/C3H9OP/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-3H3
    Key: LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • CP(=O)(C)C
Properties
C3H9OP
Molar mass 92.08 g/mol
Appearance translucent crystals
Density 0.9 g/cm^3
Melting point 140 to 141 °C (284 to 286 °F; 413 to 414 K)
Boiling point 194 °C (381 °F; 467 K)
high
Solubility in other solvents polar organic solvents
Structure
tetrahedral
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Causes CNS effects, skin, eye, and lung irritation
GHS labelling:[1]
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H302, H315, H319, H335
P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P312, P332+P313, P337+P313
Related compounds
Related compounds
P(C6H5)3S; P(C6H5)3O;

P(C6H5)3; POCl3; PCl5,

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Tracking categories (test):

Trimethylphosphine oxide (often abbreviated TMPO) is the organophosphorus compound with the formula OP(CH3)3. This colourless crystalline compound is a common is a common side product in organic synthesis, including the Wittig, Staudinger, Mitsunobu reactions and also in the manufacture of triphenylphosphine. It is a popular molecule to study the acid properties of solid acid catalysts.


Structure and properties

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TMPO is a tetrahedral molecule related to POCl3.[2] The oxygen center is relatively basic. The rigidity of the backbone and the basicity of the oxygen center make this species a popular agent to crystallize otherwise difficult to crystallize molecules. This trick is applicable to molecules that have acidic hydrogen atoms, e.g. phenols.[3]

Up to now, several modifications of Ph3PO have been found: For example, a monoclinic form crystalizes in the space group P21/c with Z = 4 and a = 15.066(1) Å, b = 9.037(2) Å, c = 11.296(3) Å, and β = 98.47(1)°.[4] The orthorhombic modification crystallizes in the space group Pbca with Z = 4 and 29.089(3) Å, b = 9.1347(9), c = 11.261(1) Å.[5]

TPPO's unique application as a heat-diffuser in many electronic devices is used by law enforcement to train electronics-sniffing dogs. [6]

Synthesis

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TMPO is typically produced by oxidation of trimethylphosphine. The oxygen in air is often sufficiently to fully oxidize trimethylphosphine into its oxided version at room temperature:

CH3P + 1/2 O2 → CH3PO

Coordination chemistry

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File:Dichlorobis(trimethylphosphine-oxide)nickel(II)-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
NiCl2(OPPh3)2

Ph3PO is a ligand for "hard" metal centers. A representative complex is the tetrahedral species NiCl2(OPPh3)2.[7]

Ph3PO is a common impurity in PPh3. The oxidation of PPh3 by oxygen, including air, is catalyzed by many metal ions:

2 PPh3 + O2 → 2 Ph3PO

References

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  1. ^ "Trimethylphosphine oxide". chemspider.com. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  2. ^ D. E. C. Corbridge "Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology" 5th Edition Elsevier: Amsterdam. ISBN 0-444-89307-5.
  3. ^ M. C. Etter and P. W. Baures (1988). "Trimethylphosphine oxide as a crystallization aid". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110 (2): 639–640. doi:10.1021/ja00210a076.
  4. ^ Spek, Anthony L. (1987). "Structure of a second monoclinic polymorph of trimethylphosphine oxide". Acta Crystallographica. C43 (6): 1233–1235. doi:10.1107/S0108270187092345.
  5. ^ Al-Farhan, Khalid A. (1992). "Crystal structure of trimethylphosphine oxide". Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research. 22 (6): 687–689. doi:10.1007/BF01160986. S2CID 98335827.
  6. ^ "Electronics-sniffing dogs: How K9s became a secret weapon for solving high-tech crimes". 9 December 2016.
  7. ^ D. M. L. Goodgame and M. Goodgame (1965). "Near-Infrared Spectra of Some Pseudotetrahedral Complexes of Cobalt (II) and Nickel(II)". Inorg. Chem. 4 (2): 139–143. doi:10.1021/ic50024a002.