User:Asarlaí/Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

Main article: List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
Related articles: English linguistic purism (Anglish), Plain English

This wordlist should be helpful for those who wish to write in Plain English or in Anglish. Words of Latin/Greek origin are on the left; their Germanic equivalents are on the right.

As well as common words, it also includes words that are dialectal, poetic, or slang; all of which can be found on Wiktionary.

Please note that some words are only equivalents in certain contexts.

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Abate = lessen/wane
  • Abduct = kidnap
  • Abet = help/spur/goad
  • Abhor = hate/loathe
  • Ability = skill/wherewithal/means
  • Abjure = forgo
  • Abnormal = odd/weird
  • Abolish = nix/do away with/get rid of/fordo
  • Abort = scrap/end/call off
  • Abortive = misborn
  • Abrasion = graze / scrape
  • Abridge = foreshorten
  • Abrupt = sudden/sharp
  • Absence = leave/awayness/lack
  • Absent = missing
  • Absolute = full/outright/utter
  • Absolutely = fully/wholly
  • Absolve = free
  • Absolve = forgive/let off
  • Absolved = let off/cleared
  • Absolution = forgiveness/let-off
  • Absorb = overwhelm/blot
  • Abstain = forgo
  • Absurd = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
  • Absurdity = craziness/goofiness/silliness/wackiness/madness
  • Abundance (in) = aplenty [adjective]
  • Abundant = teeming/swarming
  • Abuse = harm
  • Accelerate = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive/inliven/speed-up
  • Access = at-get
  • Accident = mishap
  • Account [n] = telling/writ
  • Account (give/gave an) = set forth
  • Accouter = clothe
  • Aconite = wolfsbane
  • Action (a thing done; an act) = deed
  • Acquaint = befriend
  • Acquit = let off/clear
  • Acquittal = let-off
  • Across = athwart
  • Act/action = deed/doing
  • Activate = begin/start/trigger
  • Activity = deed/undertaking/task/hobby
  • Actuate = begin/start/trigger
  • Acquire = get/gain/earn
  • Actual = true
  • Actually = in truth
  • Acupuncture = pinpricking
  • Acute = sharp
  • Acute = keen
  • Ad infinitum = forevermore
  • Add = eke
  • Additionally = furthermore/moreover
  • Adept = skilled/skillful
  • Adequate = enough/fit/befitting
  • Adhere to = hold/cling/keep to/abide by
  • Adherent = believer/follower
  • Adjacent = near/next
  • Adjust = tweak
  • Administrate = handle/oversee
  • Administration = handling/oversight/running
  • Administrator = handler/overseer
  • Admirable = good/great/fair
  • Admonish = warn/chide
  • Adolescence = teenhood
  • Adolescent = teen
  • Adorn = bedeck
  • Advance [v] = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive/inliven/speed-up
  • Advance, in = beforehand
  • Advances = inroads
  • Advantage = help/gain
  • Advantageous = helpful/gainful
  • Advent = coming
  • Adventurous = dareful
  • Adversary = foe / witherwin
  • Adverse = harmful / hindersome
  • Adversity = hardship
  • Advise = steer/help/teach/rede (archaic)
  • Advisory = steering
  • Advocate [v] = bolster
  • Aerodynamic = streamlined
  • Affection = fondness
  • Affinity = kinship/sibred
  • Affix = fay/fasten
  • Afflict = burden
  • Affliction = burden/hardship/illness/plight/bane
  • Affluence = wealth
  • Age [n] = eld
  • Age [v] = olden
  • Aggressive = threatening/fightful
  • Agile = nimble
  • Agitate = unsettle / shake / stir
  • Agony = throes
  • Agriculture = farming
  • Aid [v] = help/back/bolster/strengthen
  • Aim [n] = goal
  • Aim [v] = ettle
  • Alert [n] = warning
  • Alert [v] = warn
  • Algor mortis = death-coldness
  • Align = aline
  • Alleviate = allay/lighten
  • Allocate = earmark
  • Allow = let
  • Allowable = leveful
  • Alopecia = hair loss / baldness
  • Alter ego = other self
  • Alternate [v] = switch
  • Altruism = selflessness
  • Altruistic = selfless
  • Allurement = wile
  • Alluring = bewitching
  • Amass = gather
  • Ambidextrous = either-handed
  • Ambitious = driven
  • Amicable = friendly
  • Amorphous = shapeless
  • Amphibious = waterborne
  • Ancestor = forebear
  • Anglicize = english
  • Anglicization = englishing
  • Animal = wight
  • Animate [v] = liven
  • Anno = (in the) year
  • Annual = yearly
  • Annul = nix
  • Ante = before
  • Ante bellum = before (the) war
  • Antecedent = foregoing / earlier
  • Antecedent = forebear / forefather
  • Anticipate = foresee
  • Anus = arsehole
  • Anxiety = angst/worry
  • Anxious = worried
  • Anxious = eager
  • Anyplace = anywhere
  • Apart = asunder
  • Apocalypse = doomsday
  • Apparel [v] = clothe
  • Apparent(ly) = seeming(ly)
  • Appear = seem
  • Appear = show/show-up
  • Append = fay/fasten
  • Appendage = outgrowth / limb
  • Apprehension = foreboding
  • Approach [v] = near
  • Approaching = nearing/coming/forthcoming/upcoming/oncoming
  • Appropriate = fitting/right
  • Approximate(ly) = rough(ly)
  • Aquatic = waterly
  • Area = stead/spot/neighborhood
  • Argue = bicker
  • Argument = row
  • Armageddon = doomsday
  • Arrange = dight/set up/put together
  • Array [v] = dight
  • Arrogant = boastful / haughty / overweening
  • Arson = firestarting
  • Arsonist = firestarter
  • Artful = wily
  • Artifice [n] = wile
  • Ascend = go up
  • Ascent = upgoing
  • Asphalt/bitumen = pitch
  • Assault = onfall
  • Assemble = gather
  • Assess = weigh up
  • Assessment = weighup
  • Assist = help/back/bolster/strengthen
  • Association [n] = guild/club/fellowship/brotherhood
  • Assuage [v] = allay/soothe
  • Assuaging = allaying/soothing
  • Assume = take on
  • Assured [adj] = sicker
  • Asterisk = starmark
  • Astonish = astound
  • Astragalus = ankle bone
  • Astral = starly
  • Astute = wily
  • Asylum = haven / shelter
  • Atmosphere = mood
  • Atmosphere = (the) welkin
  • Atrophy = withering
  • Attach = fay/fasten/yoke
  • Attain = reach/gain
  • Attempt [n] = bid/undertaking
  • Attempt [v] = undertake
  • Attention = heed
  • Attentive = hearsome/reckful/heedful
  • Attentiveness = hearsomeness/reckfulness
  • Attire [n] = clothes
  • Attire [v] = clothe
  • Attitude = behavior/bearing
  • Attractive = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Audience = listeners
  • Aurora australis = Southern lights
  • Aurora borealis = Northern lights
  • Authentic = true / unfaked
  • Author [n] = writer
  • Authority = leadership
  • Automatic = self-working
  • Autumn = Fall
  • Available = free/forthcoming
  • Avalanche = snowslide/snowslip
  • Average [adj] = middling

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Bailiff = sheriff
  • Balance [equilibrium] = evenness
  • Bandage [n+v] = swathe
  • Baptize = christen
  • Baptism = christening
  • Bar [v] = ban/forbid
  • Barbarian = heathen/wildman/outlander
  • Barrel = keg/drum
  • Bartender = barman/barmaid
  • Base [n] = bottom
  • Baseless = ungrounded/groundless
  • Basic/basically
  • Basis [n] = groundwork
  • Batter [v] = beat
  • Battle = clash/struggle
  • Battleship = warship
  • Bay = bight/inlet/cove
  • Beauteous = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Beautiful = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Beauty = prettiness/loveliness/comeliness/handsomeness/eyesomeness/sheen
  • Beef = cowflesh
  • Belfry = belltower
  • Believable = beliefful
  • Beneficial = helpful
  • Benefit = good/gain/help/worthwhile
  • Benevolence = goodwill
  • Benevolent = good/goodful
  • Benign = harmless
  • Besiege = beleager
  • Betray = (be)swike
  • Betrayal = swike
  • Beverage = drink
  • Biannual = twice-yearly
  • Bicameral = two-roomed/two-halled
  • Bicycle = two-wheeler
  • Bilateral = two-sided
  • Bipedal = two-legged
  • Bird = fowl
  • Bisect = halve
  • Bizarre = weird/freakish/outlandish
  • Blame [v] = guilt
  • Blatant = glaring
  • Blister = blain
  • Blizzard = snowstorm
  • Blond = flaxen
  • Bludgeon [v] = club
  • Benefit [n] = welfare/help
  • Benefit [v] = behove
  • Bogus = fake/wrong
  • Boil [v] = seethe
  • Bona fide = true / unfaked
  • Border [n] = hem
  • Border [v] = hem
  • Boss [n] = overseer
  • Boundary = bounds/threshold
  • Bountiful = teeming/overflowing
  • Bowel = gut
  • Bracelet = armband/wristband
  • Brave = daring/fearless/bold
  • Brawl = fight
  • Breakable = brittle
  • Bribe = buy-off
  • Brief [adj] = short/fleeting
  • Brochure = booklet/leaflet/handout/flyer
  • Brutal = harsh
  • Brutality = harshness
  • Buckle = clasp

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Cabbage = kale
  • Cadaver = dead body
  • Cadaverous = deathly/ghastly
  • Cafeteria = lunchroom
  • Calcaneus = heel bone
  • Calculate = reckon / tally up / work out
  • Callous = heartless/unfeeling
  • Calm = still/rested
  • Calmness = stillness/restfulness/roo
  • Canal = waterway
  • Cancel = fordo/undo/nix/call off
  • Candidate/candidacy
  • Candidiasis = thrush
  • Canine = doglike / houndlike
  • Canine tooth = eyetooth / dogtooth / fang
  • Capability = (the) means/wherewithal
  • Capacity = (the) means/wherewithal
  • Capacity = room / holdth
  • Capacious = roomy
  • Cape [geography] = headland
  • Capitulate = give in/yield
  • Capsize = keel-over
  • Capsule = boll
  • Captivate = inthrall
  • Capture = take/steal/swipe/nab/kidnap
  • Cardialgia = heartburn
  • Caress = stroke
  • Cargo = freight
  • Carnal = fleshly
  • Carnivore = meateater
  • Carpenter = wright
  • Carry [v] = bear/ferry
  • Cartridge = holder
  • In case [conj] = lest
  • Casing = shell
  • Castigate = berate/chide/lambast/scold/upbraid
  • Catch = snare/snag/latch/nab
  • Cattle = cows/livestock
  • Caucasian = White
  • Caustic = burning
  • Caustic (language) = bitter / scathing / sharp
  • Caution [v] = warn
  • Caution = wariness/reckfulness
  • Cautious = wary/reckful
  • Caught (get) = snag
  • Cavalier = horseman, horse-rider, knight
  • Cavalry = horsemen, horse-riders
  • Cave = hollow/hole/cove
  • Cavity = hollow/hole
  • Cease = stop/halt
  • Ceasefire = truce
  • Celestial = heavenly
  • Cemetery = graveyard / burial ground
  • Cent = penny
  • Central = midmost/middle-most
  • Center = middle/nave/heart
  • Century = hundredyear
  • Certain = sicker/clear
  • Certainly (in answer) = indeed
  • Certainty = sickerness
  • Cerumen = earwax
  • Cessation = halt
  • Chain = shackle/fetter
  • Chair = seat
  • Chalice = goblet
  • Chalk = limestone
  • Challenge = dare / ordeal
  • Challenging
  • Chamber = (bed)room
  • Chamber (of a gun) = breech
  • Change = switch/shift
  • Changeable = fickle/skittish
  • Charming = friendly/comely
  • Chaos = craziness/mayhem/upheaval
  • Charged [adj] = heated/fraught
  • Charity = alms/selflessness
  • Chastize = berate/chide/lambast/scold/upbraid
  • Cheat [v] = swindle/(be)swike
  • Cheater = swindler
  • Cheer [n] = glee/happiness/merriness
  • Cheer-up = gladden
  • Chiefly = mostly
  • Chime [v] = ring/toll
  • Choice = choosing/picking
  • Christianity = Christendom
  • Chronicle = tale/ledger
  • Chronologically = timewise
  • Chronology = timeline
  • Cinema = film-house
  • Circa = about
  • Circle = ring/trundle
  • Circuit = umgang
  • Circulate = broadcast/spread abroad
  • Circumference = girth
  • Circumspect = careful/watchful
  • Civilize = tame
  • Claim [v] = ask for/call for
  • Claim [n]/reclaim/reclaiming/reclaimed/reclamation
  • Clan = kindred/fellowship
  • Clarify = clear-up
  • Clarifying
  • Clarification
  • Classification = branding
  • Classify [v] = brand
  • Clearing [n] = glade
  • Clerk = salesman/saleswoman
  • Clinic = sickbay
  • Close [v] = shut
  • Close [adj] = near / narrow
  • Coast = shore
  • Coccyx = tailbone
  • Cognizance = awareness/alertness
  • Cognizant = aware/alert
  • Collapse [n] = fall/downfall/topple
  • Collapse [v] = fall/keel
  • Collapsing = falling
  • Colleague = workmate
  • Collect [v] = gather
  • Collector = gatherer
  • Collide = crash / clash / hit
  • Collision = crash / clash
  • Color = hue
  • Combat [v] = fight
  • Combine = bind/fay/yoke
  • Comfortable = restful
  • Command(ment) [n] = hest/bidding
  • Command [v] = behest/bid/lead
  • Commence(ment) = begin(ning)/start(ing)/onset
  • Commentary = input/feedback
  • Commerce = business
  • Commit = do/betake
  • Committed [adj] = betaken
  • Common = everyday/rife/shared/widespread
  • Communicate/communication
  • Communion = fellowship
  • Companion = mate/friend
  • Compare = liken
  • Compartment/compartmental
  • Compassion = ruth
  • Compassionate = ruthful
  • Compatriot = kinsman
  • Compensation = geld
  • Competent = up-to-it/worthy
  • Complain = bemoan /gripe
  • Complete = end/stop/halt/fulfill
  • Completely = fully/outright/utterly/altogether
  • Component = bit/deal
  • Compose = dight
  • Composite = meld(ed)/mix(ed)/mishmash
  • Composition = makeup
  • Comprehend = understand/fathom/grasp
  • Comprehensive = thorough
  • Compromise = trade-off
  • Compunction = qualm/misgiving
  • Compute = reckon
  • Conceal = hide
  • Concede = back down/back off
  • Concept/conceptual/conceptualize
  • Concern = care/worry
  • Concerning [prep] = about
  • Concerning = worrying
  • Conclude [v] = end
  • Conclusion = end / ending / endsay
  • Conclusive = endly
  • Condemn = berate/blast/chide/lambast/slam/upbraid
  • Condescend = belittle
  • Conduct = behavior
  • Condition = fettle [“in fine fettle”]
  • Conduct/conducting/conductible
  • Confectionery = sweets
  • Confer = bestow
  • Conference = meeting
  • Confess = own up/acknowledge
  • Confession = acknowledging
  • Confidential = dern
  • Confide/confidence/confidentiality
  • Configuration = setting
  • Confine [v] = lock-in/trap/bind/fetter/hem
  • Confined = bound/fettered/hemmed
  • Confirmed [adj] = sicker
  • Confirm/confirming/confirmation
  • Confiscate = filch
  • Conflagration = blaze
  • Confound = addle/befuddle/bewilder
  • Confront = come-at/take-on
  • Confuse [v] = addle/befuddle/bewilder/mistake/muddle/ravel
  • Confusion = muddling
  • Conjoin = fay/link/yoke
  • Connect = fay/link/yoke
  • Conquer = overcome
  • Consanguinity = same-bloodedness
  • Conscious = aware
  • Consciously = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
  • Conscript [v] = draft/call-up
  • Consecrate [v] = bless
  • Consequence(s) = aftermath/outcome/fallout
  • Consequent = following
  • Consequently = hence/thereby
  • Consider = reckon/heed/think about/bethink
  • Consider = think of/look (up)on
  • Console [v] = soothe
  • Conspire = plot
  • Conspiracy = plot
  • Constant /constantly
  • Constant = ongoing
  • Construct [v] = build
  • Consult/consultant/consultation/consultancy
  • Consume = eat/drink/drain/intake
  • Contact [v] = meet with/reach
  • Contain = inhold
  • Contaminate [v] = befoul
  • Contemptuous = sneering
  • Content [adj] = happy/glad
  • Contention = strife/wrangling
  • Contentious = strifeful
  • Contents
  • Contest [n] = match
  • Context [n] = framework/light
  • Contextual
  • Contiguous = abutting
  • Continual/continually
  • Continue [v] = go on / keep (on) / wend
  • Continuous = unbroken/ongoing
  • Contort [v] = writhe
  • Contract [n] = deal
  • Contract [v] = narrow / (fore)shorten / shrink
  • Contract (an illness) [v] = get
  • Contradict = gainsay
  • Contrary = gainwise/witherward(s)
  • Contrastingly = otherwise
  • Contribute [v] = offer/add/chip-in/weigh-in
  • Contribution = offering/input
  • Contrition = sorrow/guilt
  • Control [n] = hold/clout
  • Control [v] = hold/wield
  • Controvert = gainsay
  • Contumacious = froward
  • Conundrum = riddle
  • Convergence = overlap
  • Conversation = chat/talk
  • Converse = speak/talk
  • Conversely = otherwise
  • Convey [v] = bear/send
  • Convince/convincing
  • Co-operate = work together
  • Co-operating = working together
  • Co-operation = working together
  • Cope [v] = deal
  • Copse = thicket
  • Cord = string/wire/rope
  • Cordial = friendly/hearty
  • Core [n] = heart/kernel/nub/pith
  • Corner [n] = nook
  • Corporal [adj] = bodily
  • Corporate/corporation
  • Corpus = body
  • Correct [adj] = right/right-minded
  • Correct [v] = righten
  • Correcting = righting
  • Correction = righting
  • Correctly = rightly
  • Correspond = match
  • Corridor = hallway
  • Corroborate = bear-out
  • Corrupt = crooked/sleazy
  • Contribute/contribution = offer/offering
  • Correspond = match/fit
  • Costume [n] = outfit/get-up
  • Costume [v] = clothe
  • Count [title] = Earl
  • Count [v] = tally/rime
  • Countenance [n] = leer
  • Counterbalance [n] = offset
  • Counter-current = eddy
  • Counterfeit [adj] = dud
  • Country [n] = land
  • County [n] = shire
  • Couple [n] = twosome
  • Couple [v] = fay/link
  • Courage = boldness/mettle
  • Courageous = bold/daring/fearless
  • Course (of liquid) [v] = flow
  • Courteous = fair-spoken
  • Covenant = oath
  • Cover [n] = sheath/holster
  • Cover [v] = overlay/clothe/hide
  • Covert [adj] = hidden/stealthy
  • Covet [v] = crave/want
  • Covetous = greedy
  • Covetousness = nithe
  • Coward(ly) = dastard(ly)
  • Co-worker = workmate
  • Coxal bone = hip bone
  • Cranium = skull
  • Cravat = necktie
  • Crease = wrinkle
  • Create = make/craft
  • Creative = craftful
  • Creation = making/crafting
  • Creation = handiwork
  • Creature = wight
  • Credible = beliefful
  • Credit = acknowledgment
  • Creed = belief
  • Crepuscular = twilightish
  • Crest = ridge
  • Crime = misdeed/wrongdoing/lawbreaking
  • Criminal = outlaw/lawbreaker
  • Criticize = berate/chide/lambast/scold/upbraid
  • Cruel = harsh/nasty/ruthless
  • Cruelty = harshness/nastiness/ruthlessness
  • Cry = weep/whine/wail/moan/yell/shout
  • Cul-de-sac = dead end
  • Culminate/culminating/culmination
  • Cultivate = grow/farm/till
  • Cultured = couth
  • Culvert = ditch
  • Cup [n] = mug
  • Curb (restrain) [v] = bridle
  • Cure [v] = heal
  • Curtail = foreshorten
  • Curve = bend
  • Cuspid = eyetooth / dogtooth / fang
  • Custom = wont/wone
  • Custom (tradition) = folkway
  • Customer = buyer
  • Customize/customizable
  • Cut [v] = carve/hack/hew/mow
  • Cutaneous [adj] = skin
  • Cygnet = swanling
  • Cylindrical = rod-shaped

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Damage [n] = harm
  • Damage [v] = harm/scathe/wreck/break
  • Damaged = harmed/wrecked/broken
  • Damaging = harmful
  • Damn [v] = berate/blast/lambast/slam/upbraid
  • Danger = threat
  • Danger, in = under threat
  • Dangerous = threatening/harmful
  • Debase [v] = bemean/belittle/lower
  • Data
  • Daub = smear/besmear
  • Dear = beloved/darling
  • Debatable = moot
  • Debut = beginning/coming-out/first showing
  • Decade = ten years
  • Decapitate = behead
  • Decay = rot
  • Deceased = dead
  • Deceit = swike
  • Deceitful/Deceptive = swikeful
  • Deceive = mislead/(be)swike
  • Decent = good/upstanding/fair/right-minded
  • Deception = misleading/falsehood/hoodwinking
  • Decide = choose/settle-on
  • Deciduous (tree) = leaf-shedding
  • Decision = choice
  • Declare = utter/speak/speak-out/say/make known/quethe
  • Decline = wane/lessen/shrink
  • Decorate = deck/bedeck
  • Decrease = wane/lessen/shrink
  • Decrepit = timeworn
  • Decry = blame/berate/blast/chide/lambast/slam/upbraid
  • Dedicate [to dedicate oneself] = betake
  • Dedicated [adj] = betaken
  • Defame = besmirch
  • Defeat [v] = overcome/overthrow/beat
  • Defecate = shit
  • Defective = weak/flawed/lacking
  • Defectiveness = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
  • Defiant = dareful
  • Deficient = weak/lacking
  • Deficiency = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall/dearth
  • Deficit = shortfall
  • Defile = befoul/sully
  • Deform = misshape
  • Defraud = swindle
  • Defrost = thaw
  • Defy = withstand/thwart
  • Deify [v] = begod
  • Deity = god
  • Degrade = bemean/belittle/lower
  • Delay [n] = holdup/lag
  • Delay [v] = stall/forestall
  • Delectable = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Delegate/delegation
  • Delete = wipe/wipe out/strike/strike out/scrap
  • Deleted = wiped/stricken/scrapped
  • Deliberate [adj] = willful/knowing
  • Deliberately = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
  • Delight = gladness
  • Delightful = thrilling/inthralling/lovely
  • Delirious = bewildered
  • Deliver/delivery/deliverance/deliverable
  • Delude = mislead
  • Deluge = flood
  • Delusion = misbelief
  • Demand = want
  • Demean = bemean/belittle
  • Dementia = madness
  • Demi- = half-
  • Demolish = tear down/wreck
  • Demolition = tear-down/wrecking
  • Demon = fiend
  • Demonstrate [v] = show
  • Denial [n] = naysay
  • Denigrate = belittle
  • Denigration = belittling
  • Denounce = berate/blast/chide/lambast/slam/upbraid
  • Denote = betoken
  • Dense = thick
  • Denude = unclothe/strip
  • Deny = forswear/gainsay/naysay
  • Depart = leave
  • Departing = leaving / outbound
  • Department/departmental
  • Depict = show
  • Depreciate = cheapen/lessen
  • Depressed = glum/woeful/downhearted
  • Depression = glumness/woefulness/downheartedness
  • Deprivation = neediness
  • Deprive = bereave
  • Deprived = bereaved/bereft
  • Deranged = crazed/mad/unhinged
  • Derive = come from/spring from/stem from
  • Dermis = skin
  • Descend = come down/go down
  • Descendent = offspring
  • Descent = downcoming/downgoing
  • Describe = set forth/speak of/tell of
  • Desert [v] = forsake
  • Deserving = worthy
  • Design [v] = lay out/draft/outline/set out
  • Design [n] = layout/draft/outline
  • Designate [v] = choose/dub/name/mark
  • Desire = crave/wish/will/yearn
  • Desolate [adj] = lonely
  • Despair [n] = hopelessness
  • Desperate [adj] = hopeless/forlorn
  • Despise = loathe
  • Despite [prep] = notwithstanding
  • Despoil = plunder/ransack
  • Destitute = ruined/broken/lacking/bereft
  • Destroy = smite/wreck/wipe out/nix
  • Destroyed = smote/wrecked/wiped-out/nixed
  • Destruction = smiting/wrecking/wiping-out
  • Destructive = wrackful/wreckful
  • Detach = unfasten
  • Detective = sleuth
  • Deteriorate = worsen
  • Determine = settle/find
  • Determination
  • Detest = hate/loathe/scorn
  • Detractor = naysayer
  • Devastate = lay waste (p.t. laid waste)
  • Develop [v] = grow/build/unfold
  • Development = growth/up-building/unfolding/furthering
  • Developmental = outgrowing/unfolding/furthering/readying
  • Deviate = stray
  • Device = tool
  • Devious = underhand
  • Devolve [v] = hand over
  • Devote [v] = betake
  • Devoted [adj] = betaken
  • Devotee = follower
  • Devour = eat/wolf [v]/fret (poetic, archaic)
  • Dexterity = deftness
  • Dexterous = deft
  • Diabolic = devilish
  • Diagonal = slanted/slanting/sloped/sloping
  • Diarrhea = the skitters
  • Dictionary = wordbook
  • Different = unalike
  • Differently = elsewise / otherwise
  • Difficult = hard/burdensome
  • Difficulty = hardship/burden/ordeal
  • Dignity = worth/self-worth
  • Dilate = widen / open
  • Dilation = widening / opening
  • Diligence = hard work
  • Diligent = hardworking
  • Diminish = lessen/wane/dwindle
  • Diminished (of music) = lowered
  • Diminutive [adj] = small/tiny/little
  • Diocese = bishopric
  • Direct [adj] = straightforward/forthright
  • Direct [v] = lead/steer
  • Director = steerer
  • Direction [n] = way/warding
  • Disable(d) = cripple(d)/stricken
  • Disadvantage = drawback
  • Disadvantaged = hindered
  • Disappoint = balk/sadden/let down
  • Disappointment = letdown
  • Disastrous = baneful/dreadful/doomful
  • Disbelief = unbelief
  • Discard = scrap/ditch/nix
  • Discharge [n] = seeping
  • Discharge [v] = shoot / fire / unload / let out / let go / give out
  • Disclose = bare/kithe
  • Disconcerting = off-putting/upsetting
  • Disconnect = cut off
  • Disconnect = unfasten
  • Discontinue = end/nix
  • Discourse = talk/speech
  • Discover = find//unearth/bring-to-light
  • Discovery = finding
  • Discredit = smirch/besmirch
  • Discriminate = treat unjustly
  • Disease = illness/sickness
  • Disembark = alight
  • Disfigure = mar/misshape
  • Disgrace = shame
  • Disgusting = foul/rank/ghastly
  • Dishevel = tousle/rumple
  • Disinclined = loath
  • Dislike = mislike
  • Dismiss = snub
  • Dismount = alight
  • Disobedient = stubborn/froward/wayward
  • Disparage = blast/lambast/mock/scoff/slam/upbraid
  • Disperse = scatter/spread/strew
  • Displace = uproot
  • Disposable = throwaway
  • Dispute [v] = gainsay
  • Disregard = overlook
  • Disruption = upheaval
  • Dissect = cut up
  • Dissimilar = unalike
  • Dissimilarity = unalikeness
  • Dissolve (figuratively) = nix
  • Dissolution = breakup
  • Distance, a/the/this/that = span/stretch
  • Distance = farness
  • Distant = faraway
  • Distinguish
  • Distort = warp
  • Distraught = woeful
  • Distress = woe/harrow
  • Distribute = deal out
  • Distrust = mistrust
  • Disturb = stir / unsettle
  • Disturbance = stirring / unstillness
  • Disturbed = unstill / unsettled
  • Disturbing = unsettling
  • Diurnal = daily
  • Diverge = stray
  • Diverse = manifold/sundry
  • Diversion = offleading
  • Divert = offlead
  • Divide [n] = split/gap
  • Divide [v] = split/sunder/cleave
  • Divided = split/cloven
  • Divine = godly/holy
  • Division = splitting
  • Divulge = kithe
  • Domestic (politics) = homeland/inland
  • Domestic = household
  • Dominate = overweigh
  • Donate = give/bestow
  • Donation = gift
  • Dormant = sleeping/slumbering/idle
  • Dormitory = bedrooms
  • Dorsal = back
  • Double = twice/twin/twofold
  • Doubt = misgiving/qualm
  • Dozen = twelve
  • Dozens = tens
  • Dramatic = lively/startling/stirring/striking/thrilling
  • Dramatist = playwright
  • Dress [v] = clothe
  • Dual = twin/twofold
  • Dubious = untrustworthy/shifty
  • Due to [adj] = owing to
  • Dune = sand-hill
  • Duplicate = twin
  • During = throughout
  • Duvet = bedspread
  • Dynamic
  • Dyslexia = word-blindness
  • Dyslexic = word-blind

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Eager = keen
  • Ease [v] = allay
  • Ebony = black/blackwood
  • Ebullition = outburst
  • Eccentric [adj] = quirky
  • Eccentricity = quirkiness
  • Ecclesiastical = churchly
  • Economize = cut back
  • Ecstatic = blissful
  • Edible = eatworthy
  • Edifice = building
  • Edify = inlighten/teach / build
  • Edit [v] = bework
  • Educate = teach
  • Educated = learned
  • Education = learning/teaching/schooling
  • Educator = teacher
  • Effort [n] = swink
  • Egocentric = selfish
  • Egotism = selfishness
  • Egotistical = selfish
  • Egregious = outstandingly/glaringly
  • Eject = oust/throw out/send out
  • Elastic/Elasticity = stretchy/stretchiness
  • Elate = uplift
  • Elation
  • Elegant = trendy/swanky/dashing
  • Elegance = trendiness/swankiness
  • Elegant = trendy/swanky/dashing/pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Elevate = raise/hoist/uplift
  • Elevation = height
  • Elevator = lift/lifter
  • Elongate = lengthen
  • Eloquent = well-spoken
  • Eloquence = well-spokenness
  • Efficient/efficiency
  • Elaborate/Elaborating/Elaboration
  • Eliminate = cast-out/drop/scrap/banish/ax/nix
  • Embarrass = faze/scunder
  • Embrace = hug/grasp
  • Embroidery = needlework
  • Emerge = forthcome
  • Emergence = forthcoming
  • Eminence [geography] = hill/knoll/mound
  • Emit = give out/send out
  • Emotion = feeling
  • Emotional [adj] = heartfelt
  • Emphasis
  • Emphasize = highlight/underscore
  • Employ [v] = hire
  • Employee = worker
  • Employer = hirer
  • Employment = work
  • En mass = in bulk
  • En route = on way
  • Enamored = lovestruck
  • Enchant = spellbind/bewitch
  • Enchantment = spell
  • Enchantress = witch
  • Encircle = gird/begird/beset
  • Enclose = shut in
  • Enclosure [n] = pen/yard
  • Encompass [v] = begird
  • Encounter [v] = meet
  • Encounter [n] = meeting
  • Encourage = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive/liven/speed-up/strengthen
  • Encumber = burden/hinder
  • Encumbrance = burden/hindering
  • Endeavor [v] = undertake/seek
  • Endeavor [n] = undertaking
  • Endorse/endorsement
  • Endure = thole/undergo/withstand
  • Enemy = foe
  • Engaged [adj] = betrothed
  • Engender [v] = birth
  • Engrave [v] = ingrave
  • Engraving [n] = ingraving
  • Enhance/enhancing/enhancement
  • Enigma = riddle
  • Enjoy
  • Enjoyment = fun
  • Enlarge = biggen/grow/swell
  • Enlargement = biggening
  • Enlighten = inlighten
  • Enormity = hugeness/greatness/size
  • Enormous = huge/great/big
  • Ensue = follow
  • Enterprize = undertaking
  • Enthuse/Enthusiasm/Enthusiastic
  • Entire/Entirely = whole/wholly
  • Entirety = whole/fullness
  • Entity = thing/being
  • Entourage = followers
  • Entrance = way in/inway
  • Entrap = betrap
  • Entrepreneur/entrepreneurial
  • Envelop = overspread
  • Environment/environmental
  • Envision = foresee
  • Envy/Enviousness = nithe
  • Ephemeral = fleeting
  • Epic [n] = saga
  • Epic [adj] = awesome
  • Epicenter
  • Epidemic parotitis = mumps
  • Epilog = afterword
  • Episode = bout/spell/stint
  • Epithet = byname/nickname
  • Equal [adj] = even
  • Equal [n] = match
  • Equality = evenness/fairness
  • Equidistant [adj] = midway
  • Equilibrium = evenness
  • Equip [v] = gear-up/furnish/ready/fit
  • Equipped = geared-up/furnished/ready/fitted
  • Equipment = gear
  • Equitable = fair
  • Erase = rub out/wipe/wipe out/nix
  • Eraser = rubber
  • Erect [n] = upright
  • Erect [v] = raise
  • Ergo = thus/therefore
  • Error = mistake/blunder/glitch
  • Eructation = burping / belching
  • Escape [v] = flee/get away
  • Escape [n] = getaway
  • Esophagus = weazand
  • Especially = moreso/above all
  • Essence = pith/gist/soul/nub
  • Essential [adj] = key
  • Essential = needed
  • Essentially = mostly
  • Establish [v] = build/begin/install/set up
  • Established [adj] = longstanding
  • Establishment [n] = body
  • Estimate = guess/reckon/fathom
  • Estuary = firth/inlet
  • Et al = and others
  • Et cetera (etc) = and so forth (asf), and so on
  • Eternal = everlasting
  • Eternally = forever
  • Eternity = forever
  • Ethical = right-minded
  • Evade = dodge/sidestep
  • Evaluate = check/rank/reckon
  • Event = happening
  • Eventually = in time
  • Evocative = meaningful
  • Evoke = awake/call forth/call up
  • Evolution = unfolding/growth
  • Evolve = unfold/grow
  • Ex- = former/erstwhile
  • Exaggerate = overplay
  • Exaggeration
  • Exalt = uplift
  • Examine = delve
  • Exasperate = embitter/irk
  • Excavate = unearth/dig up/dig out
  • Excavation(s) = unearthing / diggings
  • Exceed = overshoot/overreach/overstep
  • Exceedingly = outstandingly / overly
  • Excellent = great/awesome/wonderful
  • Exceptional = great/awesome/wonderful
  • Exceptionally = outstandingly
  • Except = but/other than
  • Exception
  • Exceptional = outstanding
  • Excessive = overmuch
  • Excessively = overly
  • Exchange = trade/swap
  • Excise [v] = cut out
  • Excite = thrill
  • Exciting = thrilling/stirring
  • Excommunicate = amanse (dialectal or archaic)
  • Excoriate = chide
  • Excrete = shit/shite/crap
  • Excrement = shit/shite/crap/stool
  • Excursion = outing
  • Excuse [v] = forgive
  • Excuse [n]
  • Execute = kill/slay
  • Exhale = breathe out
  • Exhaust [n] = tailpipe
  • Exhaust [v] = overwork/wear out
  • Exhausted = overworked/worn-out/tired/weary
  • Exhibit [v] = show
  • Exhibit/exhibition [n]
  • Exhume = unearth/dig up
  • Exile [v/n] = outlaw
  • Exist = be
  • Existence = being/beingness/hereness
  • Exit [v] = leave
  • Exit [n] = way out/outway
  • Exonerated = let off/cleared
  • Exoneration = let-off
  • Exotic = outlandish
  • Expand = grow/swell/broaden/build-up
  • Expanse = spread
  • Expect [v] = await
  • Expediate = quicken/hasten/hurry/further/spur/drive/speed-up
  • Expedition = outing
  • Expend = spend/use
  • Expensive = dear
  • Experience [v] = undergo/undercome
  • Expertise = skill/know-how
  • Explode = blow up
  • Explore = delve
  • Explorer = pathfinder
  • Expose [v] = kithe
  • Exposed = bare
  • Explosion = blast
  • Exquisite = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Exsanguinate = bleed out
  • Exsanguination = bleeding out
  • Extant [adj] = still-living
  • Extend = lengthen/outstretch/broaden
  • Extension = lengthening/furthering
  • Extensive = bounding/far-reaching/wide
  • Extent = length/breadth/reach
  • Exterior = outer/outside
  • Exterminate = wipe out
  • External = outer/outward
  • Extinct = dead/lost
  • Extinguish = douse/put out/dampen
  • Extra = spare
  • Extra time = overtime
  • Extraordinary = amazing
  • Extraterrestrial = unearthly
  • Extreme = utmost
  • Exultation = glee
  • Exact/exactly
  • Exceed/exceeding
  • Exception/exceptional
  • Excess/excessive
  • Execute/execution
  • Executive
  • Expert/expertise
  • Explain = unriddle/spell out
  • Explaining/explanation
  • Explore/exploring/exploration
  • Express/expressing/expression

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Fable = tale
  • Fabric = cloth
  • Fabulous = amazing
  • Face [n] = foreside
  • Face [anatomy] = leer
  • Facetious = witty
  • Facilitate = help/hasten
  • Facilitation
  • Facility
  • Facsimile = likeness
  • Fact = true/truth
  • Fade = dwindle/wane
  • Faint [v] = swoon/black-out
  • Fait accompli = done deed
  • Faith [n] = belief
  • Faith (to have) = believe/trust
  • Faithful = steadfast
  • False = untrue/untruth/fake
  • Fame = stardom
  • Family = kin/kindred/ilk
  • Famine = hunger/starving
  • Famished = hungry/starving
  • Famous = well-known
  • Fanatic = diehard
  • Fancy [n] = liking
  • Fancy [adj] = showy
  • Fantastic = wonderful
  • Farcical = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
  • Farmer = bower/plowman/tiller
  • Farming = tilling/husbandry
  • Fascinate = spellbind/inthrall
  • Fashion [n] = trend
  • Fashion [v] = fangle
  • Fashionable = trendy/swanky/dashing
  • Fastidious = choosy/picky
  • Fatal = deadly
  • Fatality = death
  • Fate = doom
  • Fatigue = weariness
  • Faucet = tap
  • Faux-pas = mistake/blunder
  • Favorite = best-liked
  • Feasible = worthwhile/likely
  • Feces = shit
  • Fee = toll
  • Feeble = weak
  • Feminine = womanly
  • Femininity = womanliness/womanhood
  • Femur = thighbone
  • Fend-off [v] = ward-off
  • Feral = wild/untamed
  • Ferocious = fiendish
  • Fertile = thriving/loamy/batful
  • Fervent = fevered
  • Fester = rot
  • Festive = merry/gleeful
  • Fetid = smelly/stenchy
  • Fiancée = betrothed/husband-to-be/wife-to-be
  • Fibula = calfbone
  • Fiction = make-believe
  • Fidelity = trueness
  • Figment = brainchild
  • Figure-out = work-out
  • File [v] = dight
  • Filter = sieve
  • Final = last/end
  • Finally = at last/in the end/endly
  • Final judgement, the = doomsday
  • Fine = good/well
  • Finish [v] = end/stop/halt/fulfill
  • Finish [n] = ending
  • Firearm = gun / weapon
  • Firmament = sky/heavens/welkin
  • Fissure = crack/split
  • Flaccid = limp
  • Flame = fire/blaze
  • Flatulate = fart
  • Flatulence = farting / wind
  • Flavor = smatch/tang
  • Flexible = bendy/limber
  • Flinch = wince
  • Flourish = bloom/blossom
  • Flower = bloom/blossom
  • Fluctuate = swing
  • Focus [n] = sharpness
  • Focus [v]
  • Foolhardy = brash/heedless
  • Footprint = footmark
  • Forceps = tongs
  • Foreign = fremt
  • Foreigner = outlander/outsider
  • Forest = wood/woodland/weald
  • Form = shape
  • Form [v] = shapen
  • Fort(ress) = stronghold
  • Fortitude = strength
  • Fortune = luck/hap
  • Fortunate = lucky/hapful
  • Fortunately = luckily/hapfully
  • Found [v] = begin/build
  • Foundation = groundwork
  • Foyer = lobby
  • Fraction [n] = share/deal/bit
  • Fractious = froward
  • Fracture = break
  • Fragile = brittle
  • Fraternal = brotherly
  • Fraternity = brotherhood
  • Fraud = swindle
  • Frequency (sound) = pitch
  • Frequency [n] = oftenness
  • Frequently = often
  • Fringe = edge/rim
  • Front = foreside
  • Frontier = border
  • Frugal = chary
  • Frustrate = irk
  • Frustrate = thwart
  • Fugacious = fleeting/whilend
  • Fugitive = runaway/outlaw
  • Function [v] = work
  • Functional [adj] = working
  • Fundamental = key/underlying
  • Fundamentalist = hardliner
  • Furnace = oven
  • Fuse [v] = fay/meld
  • Fusion = faying/meld
  • Futile = worthless
  • Futility = worthlessness
  • Future = hereafter
  • Future = upcoming

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Gain = get/earn/win
  • Gallery (art) = art hall
  • Garden = greenyard
  • Garland [n] = wreath
  • Garments = clothes
  • Garrulous = long-winded/wordy
  • Generally = overall
  • Generate = make/yield/birth
  • Generic = unbranded
  • Gentle = soft/mild
  • Genuflect [v] = kneel/bow
  • Genuine = true / unfaked
  • Giant/Gigantic [adj] = big/huge
  • Giant [n] = ettin
  • Gingiva = gum(s)
  • Global = worldwide
  • Globe = Earth/world
  • Globe = ball
  • Glue [v] = stick
  • Gluttony = overeating
  • Godparent = godfather/godmother
  • Gorgeous = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Govern = oversit
  • Governance = oversit
  • Gradual(ly) = slowly / bit by bit / little by little / step by step
  • Grand [adj] = great/big/huge
  • Grandfather/Grandmother = eldfather/eldmother
  • Grant [v] = give/bestow
  • Graphite = blacklead
  • Grateful = thankful
  • Gratification = gladness/queemliness
  • Gratify = gladden/queem
  • Gratifying = gladdening/queemly
  • Gratuitous = unearned
  • Gratuitous = uncalled-for
  • Grief = pain/hardship/ruth
  • Grieve = mourn
  • Guaranteed [adj] = sicker
  • Guide [v] = lead
  • Gullet = throat

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Habit = wont/wone
  • Habitation = abode/dwelling/home
  • Harass = harry/bother
  • Haunt [v] = linger/stalk
  • Hemi- = half-
  • Hen coop = henhouse
  • Herbicide = weedkiller
  • Herpes gladiatorum = scrumpox
  • Herpes labialis = cold sores
  • Hesitant = leery
  • Hesitate = dither/waver/mammer/stammer
  • Hesitation = dithering/wavering/mammering/stammering
  • Hiatus = gap/break
  • Hibernation = wintersleep
  • Hideous = ugly
  • Honest = truthful
  • Honesty = truthfulness
  • Honestly = truly / truth be told
  • Honor [v] = hold/keep (to)
  • Horde = throng
  • Horizon = skyline
  • Horizontal = flatwise
  • Horrible/Horrific = awful/dreadful/fearful/frightful/ghastly/grim/grisly/scary
  • Horrify = frighten/scare
  • Horror = dread/fear/fright
  • Hospital = sickhouse
  • Hospitality = guestfriendliness
  • Hostile = unfriendly/angry
  • Hostility = unfriendliness/anger/wrath
  • Hotel = guesthouse/inn
  • Human [n] = man/earthling
  • Human [adj] = manlike
  • Humanity = mankind
  • Humble [adj] = meek
  • Humiliate = bemean/belittle
  • Humility = mildness/tameness
  • Humorous = funny
  • Hyphen = dash

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Ichthyology = fishlore
  • id est (i.e.) = that is (th.i.)
  • Idea = thought
  • Identical = selfsame
  • Idiosyncrasy = quirk
  • Ignite = fire/kindle/spark
  • Ignorance = witlessness/dumbness
  • Ignorant = witless/dumb/unlearned
  • Ignore = overlook
  • Ill-conceived = misbegotten
  • Illegal = unlawful
  • Illegalize = ban/outlaw
  • Illegitimate = misbegotten
  • Illuminate = light (up) / lighten / belight
  • Illuminated = lit / lighted
  • Illumination = (be)lightening
  • Image = picture
  • Image = likeness
  • Imaginative = thoughtful
  • Imagine = think of
  • Imbibe = drink / eat
  • Immature = childish/young
  • Immediate
  • Immediately = right now/forthwith
  • Imminent = looming/near/nigh/incoming/oncoming
  • Immoral = sinful/wrongful
  • Immortal = undying/everlasting
  • Impact [n] = blow/aftermath
  • Impair = blight/hinder/undermine
  • Impaired = hindered/undermined/flawed/weak
  • Impale [v] = skewer/gride
  • Impart = kithe
  • Impartial = evenhanded/fair-minded/unswayed
  • Impasse = deadlock
  • Impede = hinder
  • Imperfection = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
  • Implement/implementing/implementation
  • Implode = inburst
  • Implore = beseech/beg
  • Imply = hint / make out
  • Impolite = cheeky/lewd/unseemly
  • Importance = meaning/standing/weightiness
  • Important = meaningful/key/weighty
  • Impose = foist
  • Impossible/impossibly/impossibility
  • Imprint = mark/stamp
  • Imprison = lock-up
  • Improbable = unlikely
  • Impromptu = offhand
  • Improper = untoward/unseemly
  • Improve = better/batten/bolster
  • Improvement = bettering
  • Improvised = makeshift
  • Imprudence = boldness
  • In addition to = withal
  • In large quantity = heapmeal
  • In motion = astir
  • In progress = ongoing
  • In spite of the fact that = although
  • In total / in toto = in all / altogether
  • In utero = in-womb
  • Inane = mindless
  • Inadvertence = oversight/carelessness/heedlessness/recklessness
  • Inadequate = weak/lacking/not good enough
  • Inadequacy = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
  • Inanimate = still/lifeless
  • Inappropriate = unfitting/wrong/unbecoming
  • Inaudible = unheard
  • In case = lest
  • Incalculable = untold
  • Incapable = unfit
  • Inception = beginning/onset
  • Incest = inbreeding
  • Incident/incidence/incidental
  • Incision = cut/slit
  • Incisor = foretooth (pl. foreteeth)
  • Incite = goad
  • Inclination = leaning
  • Incline = slope
  • Inclined = minded
  • Incompassionate = heartless/ruthless
  • Incompetent = weak/unfit
  • Incompetence = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
  • Incomplete = underdone/unwhole
  • Inconsiderate = careless/thoughtless
  • Incorrect = untrue/wrong
  • Increase = eke
  • Increasingly = ever more
  • Incredible = amazing/wonderful
  • Incremental(ly) = slowly / bit by bit / little by little / step by step
  • Indebted = beholden
  • Indecent = unseemly
  • Indecisive = wavering
  • Indelicate = heavy-handed/stern
  • Independent = free/standalone/selfstanding
  • Indicate = betoken/show
  • Indication = betokening/hint/clue
  • Indisposed = unwell/unfit
  • Individual = one/lone/self
  • Individuality/Individualism = selfhood/selfdom
  • Individually
  • Indolent = lazy/idle
  • Induce = bring on
  • Industrial action = strike
  • Industrious = hard-working / workful
  • Inebriated = drunk
  • Ineffable = unspeakable
  • Ineffective = mightless
  • Inexperienced = unfledged
  • Infancy = childhood
  • Infant = child
  • Infatuated = besotted
  • Infernal = fiendish/hellish/wicked
  • Infertile = barren
  • Infinite = endless/everlasting/never-ending/timeless
  • Infinity = endlessness/timelessness/forever
  • Infirmary = sickhouse
  • Infirmed = sickly
  • Inflict = wreak
  • Influence = sway
  • Influential = swayful
  • Influx = inflow
  • Inform = kithe/enlighten
  • Informant = tout/snitch
  • Information = knowledge
  • Infrequent = few/scant/scanty/not often
  • Infrequently = seldom
  • Infuriate = anger/madden
  • Infuse = inlay/input/inset
  • Ingenuity = cleverness
  • Ingest = eat/take in
  • Ingestion = intake
  • Inhabit = dwell/abide
  • Inhabitance = dwelling/abode
  • Inhabitant
  • Inhale = breathe in
  • Inherent = inbuilt / inborn
  • Inherently = in itself / in and of itself
  • Inherit = bequeath
  • Initial [adj] = first
  • Initiate = start/begin
  • Injection = jab (informal)
  • Injure = harm/hurt/scathe
  • Injurious = harmful/scathful
  • Injury = scathe
  • Injustice = wrength
  • Innocent = guiltless
  • Innocence = guiltlessness
  • Innominate bone = hip bone
  • Innovate
  • Innovative = groundbreaking/forward-looking/trend-setting
  • Innovator = groundbreaker/trendsetter
  • Inquire = ask
  • Inquisitive = askful/pryful
  • Insane = mad
  • Insensitive = unfeeling
  • Insert [v] = inset/input
  • Inscribe = write
  • Insect = bug
  • Insecticide = bug-killer
  • Insist = beckon/press/ask
  • Insomnia = sleeplessness
  • Install/installing/installation
  • Instant/instance/instantly
  • Instigate = begin/start/quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/drive
  • Instigation = behest
  • Intimidate = cow
  • Intimidated = cowed
  • Intimidation = cowing
  • Institution = body
  • Intrinsic = inbuilt / inborn
  • Intrinsically = in itself / in and of itself
  • Instruct = teach
  • Instructing
  • Instruction
  • Instructor
  • Instrument = tool
  • Instrument, an = (a) means
  • Insubordinate = froward
  • Insult [n] = slur/scoff
  • Insult [v] = scoff
  • Insufficient = lacking
  • Insufficiently = not fully
  • Insufficiency = weakness/shortcoming/shortfall
  • Integrate/integral/integrating/integration
  • Intellectual [adj] = high-minded/highbrow
  • Intelligent = smart/clever/wise/learned
  • Intend [v] = will/wish/mean/ettle
  • Intent = ettle
  • Intention = wish/ettle
  • Intentionally = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
  • Inter [v] = bury
  • Intercept = waylay
  • Interfere = pry/hinder
  • Interior = inner/inside
  • Intermediary = go-between
  • Internal = inner/inly
  • Internally = inly
  • Interrupt = cut off
  • Intervene = step in
  • Intervention = stepin
  • Intoxicate = drunken
  • Intoxicated = drunk
  • Intoxication = drunkenness
  • Intractable = froward/wayward/stubborn
  • Introduce = inlead
  • Inundate = flood/overwhelm
  • Invalidate = nix
  • Invent = fangle
  • Investigate = look into
  • Investor = shareholder/stakeholder
  • Invigorate = quicken/hasten/inliven/further/foster/spur/drive/bolster/strengthen
  • Invite [v] = welcome/beckon/call on/ask
  • Ipso facto = in itself / in and of itself / by itself
  • Ire [n] = anger/wrath
  • Irregularly = seldom
  • Irregularity = flaw/glitch/oddity
  • Irresponsible = careless/heedless/reckless
  • Irritate = irk
  • Irritating = irksome
  • Isolation = loneliness

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Janitor = caretaker
  • Jealousy/Jealousness = nithe
  • Join [v] = fay/link/yoke (to join two things together)
  • Joint = hinge
  • Joke = gag
  • Journal = logbook/daybook
  • Journey [n+v] = trek/wayfare
  • Jovial/Joyful = gleeful/happy/merry/mirthful
  • Joy = bliss/glee/gladness/happiness/merriness/mirth
  • Judge [v] = deem
  • Jump = leap/leapt (past)
  • Junior [adj] = young/younger/youth
  • Justice = evenness/rightness/rightwiseness
  • Juvenile [adj] = young/childish
  • Juvenile [n] = youth/young

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Labor [v] = work/swink
  • Labor [n] = work/swink
  • Laborer = worker
  • Laborious = hard work/worksome
  • Labyrinth = maze
  • Lacerate = cut
  • Laceration = cut
  • Lackadaisical = listless/lazy
  • Lackluster = dim/dull/lifeless
  • Lament [v] = mourn/moan/bemoan/wail
  • Languish = dwindle/wane/wither
  • Large = big/great/huge
  • Largely = mostly/mainly
  • Lascivious = lustful/lewd/wanton
  • Launch [n] = setoff
  • Launder [v] = wash/clean
  • Laundry = washing
  • Lease [v] = let
  • Leash = lead/tether
  • Legal = lawful
  • Legalize = make lawful
  • Legislator = lawmaker
  • Legislature = lawmaking body
  • Legitimate = lawful/rightful
  • Legitimately = lawfully/rightfully
  • Lethal = deadly
  • Lethality = deadliness
  • Lethargic = sluggish
  • Lethargy = sluggishness
  • Level [n] = tier
  • Lexicon = wordstock
  • Liable = likely
  • Liberate [v] = free
  • Liberation
  • Liberty = freedom/free will
  • Library = bookhouse
  • Likeable = likeworthy
  • Limit [n] = bound/threshold
  • Limit(ed) = bound(ed)/cap(ped)
  • Linear = straight/straightwise
  • Literal
  • Literally = truly, in truth
  • Literary = written
  • Literature = booklore/writing/written works
  • Locale = stead/neighborhood
  • Locality = stead/neighborhood
  • Locate = find
  • Location = stead
  • Location [approx] = whereabouts
  • Lodge [n] = inn/guesthouse
  • Lounge = living room/sitting room
  • Loyal = faithful/trothful (archaic)
  • Ludicrous = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
  • Luminous = beamful
  • Lunacy = madness
  • Lunar = moon-/moonly
  • Lunatic = madman
  • Luscious = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Macabre = grisly/grim
  • Magic = dwimmer
  • Magic(art of) = dwimmercraft
  • Magnitude = greatness/strength
  • Maim [v] = cripple
  • Maintain = uphold / keep
  • Maintenance = upkeep
  • Maladroit = clumsy
  • Malefactor = wrongdoer
  • Malevolence = ill-will/evil-will/evil
  • Malevolent = ill-willed/evil
  • Malfunction = glitch
  • Malicious = ill-hearted/evil/wicked
  • Malnourish = underfeed
  • Malnourished = underfed
  • Malnourishment = underfeeding
  • Maltreat = mishandle
  • Maltreatment = mishandling
  • Mammary = breast/teat
  • Manage = handle
  • Manager = foreman/forewoman
  • Management = handling/oversight/running
  • Mandible / maxilla = jawbone
  • Mania = madness
  • Manner = way
  • Manual [n] = handbook
  • Manually = by hand
  • Manufacture [v] = make/craft/yield/fangle
  • Manure [animal] = dung
  • Margin = hem
  • Marina = wharf/dock
  • Marriage = wedlock
  • Marry = wed
  • Marvel = wonder
  • Marvelous = great/awesome/wonderful
  • Masonry = stonework
  • Mass [n] = bulk
  • Masticate = chew
  • Mastication = chewing
  • Maternal = motherly
  • Matrimony = wedlock
  • Matter [n] = stuff
  • Mature [adj] = grown/ripe
  • Maximum = most/utmost/uttermost
  • Mea culpa = my bad / my mistake
  • Measure [v] = mete
  • Mediator = go-between
  • Mediocre = middling
  • Medium [adj] = middling
  • Megaphone = loudhailer
  • Melancholy = gloom/sadness/sorrow/woe
  • Melancholic = gloomy/sad/sorrowful/woeful
  • Melee = fistfight
  • Member [n] = belonger
  • Membrane = film
  • Mental [adj] = mindly
  • Mentality = mindset
  • Mention [v] = name/speak of
  • Merchant = trader
  • Merchandise = goods/wares
  • Merciful = ruthful/kind/forgiving
  • Mercury = quicksilver
  • Mercy = ruth/kindness
  • Merge = meld
  • Message = boding/errand
  • Mine [n] = delf
  • Mine [v] = delve
  • Mineral = ore
  • Minimally = leastwise
  • Minimize = lessen
  • Minimum = least/at least
  • Minor [n] = youngster
  • Mirror [n] = looking-glass
  • Misadjust = misset
  • Misandrist = man-hater
  • Miscalibrate = misset
  • Miscellaneous = sundry
  • Misdemeanor = wrongdoing
  • Miserable = gloomy/glum/mirthless/mournful/sad/sorrowful/unhappy/woeful
  • Misery = gloom/glumness/mirth/sadness/sorrow/unhappiness/woe
  • Misfortune = bad luck/unluckiness/haplessness
  • Mislabel = mistag
  • Mismanage = mishandle
  • Misogynist = woman-hater
  • Misperceive = mis-see
  • Misperception = mis-seeing/mis-sight
  • Misphrase = misword
  • Misplace = mislay/lose
  • Mispronounce = missound/misspeak
  • Misrepresent = belie
  • Mission = undertaking
  • Minimal/minimize/minimization
  • Moderate [adj] = middling / light / mild
  • Moderate [v] = oversee
  • Moderately = middlingly
  • Moist = damp/wet
  • Molar = backtooth (pl. backteeth) / wangtooth (pl. wangteeth)
  • Mold [v] = make/shape
  • Moment [n] = (an) eyeblink [slang]
  • Momentarily = shortly/soon
  • Momentary = short/fleeting
  • Monastery = minster/monkhouse
  • Monasticism = monkhood
  • Monitor [v] = watch/oversee
  • Monumental = great
  • Moral(istic) = right-minded
  • Morbid = unhealthy/sickly/deathly
  • Morgue = deadhouse
  • Moribund = dying/deathbound
  • Mortal [adj] = deadly
  • Mortality = death
  • Mortician = undertaker
  • Mortify = frighten
  • Mortuary = deadhouse
  • Motionless = still
  • Motivate = spur/drive/inliven
  • Mound = hill/barrow
  • Mount = hill/barrow
  • Mountain = fell/berg
  • Move = shift
  • Movie = film
  • Moving = shifting
  • Moving up = forward [adj]
  • Moving down = downward [adj]
  • Multi- = many-
  • Multiple = many
  • Multitude [n] = crowd/throng
  • Muscle = brawn/thew
  • Muscular = brawny/thewy
  • Muscular power = thew
  • Mushroom = toadstool
  • Musician = songsmith
  • Mute = speechless
  • Mutton = sheepflesh

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Narcotic [adj] = benumbing
  • Nation = folk / land
  • Navigate = steer
  • Navigator = lodesman
  • Neat = tidy
  • Necessary = needful/needed
  • Necessarily
  • Necessitate
  • Necessity = need
  • Negation [n] = naysay
  • Negate/Negative/negativity
  • Negligence = recklessness
  • Negligent = reckless
  • Nerve [abstract noun] = boldness
  • Nervous [adj] = jittery/jumpy/edgy/on edge
  • Neutral = sideless/unsided
  • Neutrality = sidelessness/unsidedness
  • Nice = good/lovely/comely/fair
  • Niche = nook
  • Nocturnal = nightly
  • Noisy = loud
  • Nominate
  • Nomination
  • Non-existent = beingless
  • Nonsense = balls/bollocks/bull/claptrap/cobblers/codswallop/crock/drivel/humbug/poppycock/twaddle
  • Nonsensical = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
  • Noon = midday
  • Notice [v] = heed
  • Notification
  • Notify
  • Novelty [n] = new-fangled
  • Novice = beginner/newcomer
  • Nude = naked
  • Nudity = nakedness
  • Nuisance = pest
  • Nullify = nix
  • Numerous = many/manifold
  • Nursery = kindergarten
  • Nurture = foster

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Obedience = hearsomeness
  • Obedient = hearsome
  • Obfuscate = becloud
  • Obfuscation = beclouding
  • Object [v] = gainstand
  • Objection = gainstanding
  • Objective [n] = goal
  • Obligate
  • Obligation
  • Obliged = beholden
  • Oblique = slanting / sideways
  • Obscene = foul/lewd/smutty
  • Obscenity
  • Obscure [v] = befuddle/darken/overshadow
  • Obscure [adj] = unclear
  • Obscurity
  • Observable = sightful
  • Observant = watchful/mindful
  • Observe = watch/see/behold
  • Observe = hold/keep (to)
  • Obsess = besot
  • Obsessed = besotted
  • Obstacle = hindrance/hurdle/block
  • Obstinate = headstrong/mulish/stubborn/unbending/unyielding
  • Obstruct = hinder/block/waylay
  • Obstruction = hindrance/hurdle/block
  • Obstructuve = hindersome
  • Obtain = get
  • Obtainable
  • Obverse
  • Obvious(ly) = clear(ly)
  • Occasion = time
  • Occasionally = sometimes
  • Occident = west
  • Occident(al) = west(ern)
  • Occupy = besit (past tense = besat)
  • Occupied = busy
  • Occur = happen
  • Occurring = happening
  • Occurrence = happening
  • Odor = smell
  • Officer = sheriff
  • Ointment = salve
  • Old-fashioned = old-fangled
  • Olfactory = smell
  • Omen = forebode
  • Ominous = foreboding
  • Omit = drop/leave out
  • Omnipotence = all-might
  • Omnipotent = almighty
  • Omniscient = all-knowing
  • Operate [v] = work/run
  • Opinion = belief/insight
  • Opponent = foe
  • Opportune = timely/well-timed
  • Opportunism/Opportunist
  • Opportunity
  • Oppose = gainstand
  • Opposition = gainstanding
  • Opposite [adj] = fornent
  • Opposite [adj] = witherward(s)
  • Oppressed = downtrodden
  • Oppression
  • Opt = choose/pick/wale
  • Option = wale
  • Optimism = hopefulness
  • Optimum = best
  • Oral = spoken / unwritten / mouthly
  • Order [n] = kilter
  • Order (arrange) [v] = dight
  • Order (command) [n] = behest
  • Order (organization) = brotherhood/fellowship
  • Orderly [adj] = smooth/shipshape/well-run
  • Organize = dight/set up
  • Orient(al) = east(ern)
  • Orifice = hole/opening
  • Origin = outspring
  • Original [adj] = fresh
  • Original [adj] = first
  • Original [n] = firstling
  • Ornament [v] = bedeck/bedizen
  • Ornithology = birdlore
  • Orphan = foundling
  • Outmaneuver = outsmart/outwit
  • Outperform = outdo/outshine
  • Overemphasize = overplay
  • Overpass = flyover

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Pacifier [n] = dummy-tit
  • Pacify = allay
  • Pain = ache/sore
  • Pain (sharp) = twinge
  • Palatable = good/lovely/comely/fair
  • Palisade = stakewall
  • Palm (of the hand) = loof
  • Palpitate = throb
  • Pamphlet = leaflet/flyer/flier
  • Pantaloons = britches/breeches
  • Paramour = lover
  • Parasol = sunshade
  • Pardon [v] = forgive/let off
  • Pardon [n] = letoff
  • Pardoned = let off
  • Parenting = child-rearing
  • Parenthesis = brackets
  • Pariah = outcast/outsider
  • Part [n] = bit/deal/share
  • Part [v] = break/split/sunder
  • Partial = unwhole
  • Partially = unwholly
  • Partner = mate
  • Passage = gangway/throughfare
  • Past [adj] = bygone
  • Past [adj] = former
  • Pasture = meadow
  • Patella = kneecap
  • Paternal = fatherly
  • Patience = forbearing
  • Patient [adj] = forbearing
  • Pause = halt
  • Paucity = dearth/lack/fewness/scantiness
  • Pavement = footpath/sidewalk
  • Payment = fee
  • Peace = frith/roo
  • Peacefulness = frith/roo
  • Peal [v] = ring
  • Peel = rind
  • Peculiar = odd/quirky/weird
  • Pelt [n] = [animal] hide
  • Pelvic bone = hip bone
  • Peninsula = half-island
  • Penis/Phallus = pintle / cock/dick/knob/shaft [slang]
  • Penultimate = forelast/next-to-last
  • People = folk
  • Perceive = see/understand
  • Percent = hundredth
  • Perception = seeing/understanding
  • Percolate = leach
  • Perfect [adj] = flawless
  • Perhaps = maybe / mayhap(s)
  • Period = while/timespan/spell
  • Period = full stop
  • Perish = forfare
  • Perjure = forswear
  • Perimeter = edge/border/rim
  • Permanent = everlasting
  • Permanence
  • Permissible = leveful
  • Permission = leave
  • Permit [v] = let
  • Pernicious = baleful/baneful
  • Pernio/perniosis = chilblain
  • Perpendicular = evendown
  • Perpetual = unending
  • Perpetually = ever/unendingly
  • Perpetuity, in = forevermore
  • Perplex = bewilder
  • Perplexed = bewildered
  • Persistence
  • Persistent = dogged
  • Personal [adj] = selfly
  • Personality = selfhood
  • Personnel = staff
  • Perspective = outlook
  • Persuade = overwin/wheedle
  • Perturb = unsettle
  • Perverse = lewd/untoward
  • Pervert [n] = lewdster
  • Pervert [v] = offset
  • Pessimism = hopelessness
  • Phantasm = ghost
  • Phantom = ghost
  • Pharynx = throat
  • Picturesque = eyesome/pretty/lovely
  • Piece = bit
  • Pierce = stab
  • Pigeon = dove
  • Pile = heap
  • Pillage = plunder/ransack
  • Pimple = wheal
  • Pinch [v] = nip
  • Pine(tree) = fir
  • Pioneer
  • Pioneering = groundbreaking
  • Pirate = freebooter
  • Pivotal [adj] = key
  • Place [v] = lay/put/stow/stell
  • Place [n] = stead/stell
  • Placidity = stillness/roo
  • Plagued = fraught/bothered
  • Plan [v] = plot/forethink
  • Plan [n] = draft/layout/outline/forethought
  • Planning = forethought
  • Plat/plaid/plait (hair) = braid
  • Platform = deck/staddle
  • Please [v] = gladden
  • Pleased = glad/happy
  • Pleasing/Pleasant = gladdening/good/lovely/queemly
  • Pleasure = gladness
  • Pledge [n] = hight
  • Pledge [v] = behight (p.t. behote)/swear
  • Pledged [adj] = betaken
  • Plentiful = rife
  • Plenty = enough
  • Plumage = feathers
  • Plunge [v] = dunk/dive
  • Pollute = befoul
  • Pollution = befouling
  • Poly- = many-
  • Ponder = think
  • Poor = needy/wantsome/unwealthy
  • Popular = well-liked/widespread
  • Popular = folkish
  • Populate
  • Population = folk/indwellers
  • Pork = pig-flesh
  • Port = harbor
  • Portal = doorway/gateway
  • Portend = forewarn
  • Portion = share/deal/dole/lot
  • Position [n] = stell/stead
  • Position [v] = stell
  • Possess = have / hold / own
  • Possession = ownership
  • Possibility = mightlihood
  • Possible = mightly
  • Possibly = maybe
  • Posterior = rump/back(side)
  • Postnatal = after-birth
  • Postpartum = after-birth
  • Postpone = put off
  • Post- = after-
  • Post script = afterthought
  • Potential = likely
  • Poultry = fowl
  • Poverty = wantsomeness/wealthlessness
  • Power [v] = drive
  • Power = might/strength
  • Powerful = mighty/strong
  • Practically = nearly
  • Practice [n] = wont/wone
  • Pre- = before- / fore-
  • Preamble = foreword
  • Precede = forego
  • Preceding = foregoing
  • Precipitate = quicken/hasten/further/spur/drive/speed-up
  • Precipitous = hasty/sudden
  • Precious = dearworth
  • Precognition = foreknowledge
  • Precursor = forerunner/forebear
  • Predecessor = forerunner/forebear
  • Predetermination = foredeeming
  • Predetermine = foredeem
  • Predetermined = foredeemed
  • Predicament = quagmire
  • Predict = foretell/forecast
  • Prediction = foretelling
  • Predominant = overweighing
  • Pre-eminent = foremost
  • Prefabricated = ready-made
  • Preface = foreword
  • Prefer = forechoose
  • Preference = forechoosing/forechoice
  • Preferred = forechose
  • Prefigure = foreshadow
  • Pregnant = with-child
  • Prejudice = foredeeming
  • Prejudicial = foredeeming
  • Prejudge = foredeem
  • Prelude = lead-up/lead-in
  • Premature = oversoon
  • Premeditate = forethink
  • Premeditated = forethought
  • Premier = foremost
  • Premises [n] = toft
  • Premonition = foreboding
  • Preparation = readiness
  • Prepare = ready
  • Preparing = readying
  • Preposterous = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
  • Prepuce = foreskin
  • Prescience = foreknowledge/foresight
  • Prescient = foreknowing/foresighted/farsighted
  • Presence = hereness
  • Present [n] = gift
  • Present [v] = show/give/bestow
  • Presently = now / shortly
  • Preserve [v] = keep/uphold
  • Preside = oversee/oversit
  • Pretend [v] = make out
  • Prevalent = rife
  • Prevent = forestall/stop
  • Preview = forelook/foreshow
  • Previous = former/foregoing
  • Primary = first/foremost/main
  • Primarily = mostly/mainly
  • Principal [adj] = first/foremost/main
  • Principally = mostly/mainly
  • Principled = right-minded
  • Prior to = before
  • Pristine = spotless
  • Privacy = dern
  • Private [adj] = dern
  • Probability = likelihood
  • Probable = likely
  • Probably = likely
  • Problem = hitch/snag
  • Problematic = hindersome
  • Proceed = go on/go forth
  • Proceed [v] = go
  • Procreate = breed
  • Prodigy = wonder/wonderchild
  • Produce [v] = bring forth/make/yield/birth
  • Product [n] = ware
  • Production = output/yield
  • Profit
  • Profitable = gainful
  • Proficiency = skill
  • Proficient = skilled
  • Profound = deep
  • Progress, in = ongoing
  • Progress [n] = headway/forwardness
  • Progress [v] = quicken/hasten/further/spur/drive/speed-up
  • Progressive = forward-looking
  • Prohibit = forbid/ban
  • Project = undertaking/work
  • Projection = forecast/outlook
  • Projector = beamer
  • Promise [n] = hight
  • Promise [v] = behight (p.t. behote)/swear
  • Pronounce = utter
  • Pronouncement = uttering
  • Prop [v] = stell
  • Propose = put forth
  • Propel = drive/thrust
  • Proper = fitting/seemly/right
  • Property = owndom/belongings/holdings
  • Prophesy = foresight/foretelling
  • Prophet = soothsayer
  • Propulsion = thrust
  • Proscribe [v] = forbid/ban
  • Prosper = batten
  • Prosperity = wealthiness
  • Prosperous = wealful/wealthful
  • Prostitute = whore, trollop
  • Prostitution = whoredom
  • Proverb = saying
  • Provide = give/furnish
  • Provocation = costning
  • Provoke = costen
  • Proximity = nearness
  • Pugnacious = fightful
  • Pulsate = throb
  • Pulse = heartbeat
  • Pup = whelp
  • Purchase = buy
  • Pure = clean/sheer
  • Purge = cleanse
  • Purify = cleanse
  • Purloin = steal
  • Purpose = sake
  • Purposely/Purposefully = knowingly/meaningfully/willfully/wittingly
  • Push = shove/thrust
  • Push (i.e. a button) = thrutch
  • Putrefaction = rotting
  • Putrefy = rot
  • Pyrosis = heartburn

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Quadruple = fourfold
  • Quadruped = four-footed
  • Quarrelsome = strifeful
  • Quarter [n] = fourth
  • Quash = nix
  • Quay = wharf/dock
  • Question [v] = frain, befrain
  • Question [n] = frain
  • Questioning = fraining
  • Questionable = iffy/shady/qualmish
  • Quiet [adj] = hushed/still
  • Quietness = stillness/roo
  • Quieten = hush
  • Quintessence = pith/gist/soul
  • Quit = forsake/give up/end
  • Quite = fairly/rather/somewhat
  • Quotidian = daily

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Radiant = bright/beaming/beamful/glowing/shiny
  • Radiate [v] = beam/glow/shine
  • Radiate [v] = spread
  • Rage = anger/wrath
  • Range = reach/stretch
  • Rancid = foul/rank
  • Rapid = fast/quick/swift
  • Rare = seld
  • Rarely = seldom
  • Rarity
  • Ravage = lay waste (p.t. laid waste)
  • Ravine = dell/gill
  • Ravishing = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Ray [n] = beam
  • Realize = cop on
  • Rear [adj] = back/hind
  • Reasonable = right-minded
  • Rebel [v] = rise up
  • Rebellion = uprising
  • Rebuke = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
  • Recede = ebb
  • Receive/receivable/recipient
  • Recent
  • Recently = lately
  • Recognize [v] = ken (mainly dialectal)
  • Recognizing/recognition/recognizable
  • Reconsider = afterthink/think again
  • Reconsideration = afterthought
  • Recover = comeback/heal
  • Recovery = comeback/healing
  • Rectify = righten
  • Recurrence = comeback/flashback
  • Reduce [v] = lower/lessen/shorten
  • Reflect [v] = afterthink/think back
  • Reflection = afterthought
  • Refrain [v] = forbear/forgo/stop
  • Refrigerate = chill/cool
  • Refrigerator = chiller/cooler
  • Refine = hone
  • Refined = couth
  • Refuge = haven
  • Refugee = haven-seeker
  • Refuse [n] = trash/waste/chaff/drek
  • Refuse [v] = shun/forsake
  • Refusal = naysay
  • Refute = gainsay
  • Refutation = gainsaying
  • Regarding = about
  • Register/Registration
  • Regret = rue/ruth
  • Reinforce = strengthen/bolster/uphold/back up
  • Reinforcement(s) = backup
  • Reject [v] = shun/forsake
  • Relapse = backslide
  • Relations = dealings
  • Relations (family) = kin
  • Relationship = sibred
  • Relatively = somewhat
  • Relax = rest
  • Relaxation = rest
  • Relaxed = rested
  • Relaxed = smooth/loose/mellow
  • Release [v] = let go
  • Rely
  • Reliability = trustworthiness
  • Reliable = trustworthy
  • Relief = help
  • Relieve = help
  • Relieve = allay/soothe/unburden
  • Relinquish = give up/forsake/yield
  • Reluctancy = unwillingness
  • Reluctant = unwilling
  • Remain = stay/linger/belive (past tense: belove)
  • Remainder = (the) rest
  • Remember = mind / bethink
  • Reminisce = think back
  • Remnant = leftover
  • Remorse = agenbite
  • Remote [adj] = outlying
  • Removed = stricken
  • Render [v] = make
  • Render null-and-void = nix
  • Renew = anew
  • Renounce = shun/forsake/forswear
  • Repair [v] = righten
  • Repeating [adj] = rotelike
  • Repel [v] = ward-off
  • Repetition = rote
  • Repetitious = rotelike
  • Repetitive = rotelike
  • Repetitively = rotely
  • Repercussion = aftermath/blowback/kickback
  • Reply = answer
  • Rapid = fast/quick/swift
  • Replace = stand in
  • Replacement = stand-in
  • Replenish = refill
  • Repose [n] = rest
  • Reprehend = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
  • Represent = stand-for/speak-for/outline/betoken
  • Reproach [n] = shame
  • Reproach [v] = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
  • Reprobate = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
  • Reprobate = shun/forsake/doom
  • Reprove = berate/chide/scold/upbraid
  • Repudiate = shun/forsake
  • Request [n] = ask/bidding/behest
  • Request [v] = ask for/bid
  • Require = need
  • Required = needed
  • Required [obliged] = beholden
  • Requirement = need/must
  • Requisite = needed
  • Resemblance = likeness
  • Resemble
  • Resent
  • Resentment = bitterness/ill-feeling
  • Reservation = misgiving
  • Reservation = booking
  • Reserve [v] = book
  • Reserve [adj] = spare
  • Reside = abide/dwell
  • Residence = abode/dwelling/home
  • Resident = abider/dweller
  • Resign = step down/stand down
  • Resignation = stepdown/standdown
  • Resist = withstand
  • Resolute = steadfast
  • Respect [v] = hold/keep to / abide by
  • Resplendent = pretty/lovely/comely/handsome/eyesome/fair/sheen
  • Respond/response = answer/comeback/feedback
  • Responsible = trustworthy/upstanding
  • Responsible = guilty
  • Reserve/reserving/reserved/reservation = withhold/withholding/withheld/
  • Reservation = booking
  • Resign = step down
  • Resignation = stepdown
  • Restrain(t) = fetter
  • Restrict = fetter
  • Result = outcome
  • Retain = keep
  • Retaliate = hit back/strike back
  • Reticulate = netlike
  • Retort = answer/comeback
  • Retract = withdraw/take back/unsay/unspeak
  • Retraction = withdrawal
  • Retreat = withdraw/back off/back down
  • Return [v] = come back
  • Return [n] = comeback
  • Reveal = show/kithe
  • Revel
  • Revelry = merrymaking
  • Revere = worship
  • Revolution = overthrow(ing)
  • Revolve = spin/swivel
  • Ridicule [v] = bemean/belittle/mock/scoff
  • Ridiculous = crazy/goofy/silly/wacky/mad
  • Rigid = stiff
  • Rigidity = stiffness
  • Rigor mortis = death-stiffness
  • Rigorous = thorough
  • River = ea
  • Rivulet = brook/stream
  • Robust = hardy/stout/strong
  • Rock = stone
  • Rotate = spin
  • Route = way
  • Routine [n] = rote
  • Ruin = wreck/blight
  • Ruinous = wrackful/wreckful
  • Rumor = hearsay

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Sacred = holy / blessed
  • Sacrifice = offering
  • Salary = wage
  • Salutation = greeting
  • Sanctify = bless
  • Sanctuary = haven / shelter / frith
  • Sans = without
  • Sapience = awareness
  • Sapient = aware
  • Satchel = knapsack
  • Satiate = sate
  • Satisfactory = good/lovely/fair/fulfilling/queemly
  • Satisfy = sate/gladden/queem
  • Satisfy = fulfill
  • Satisfying = good/lovely/fair/fulfilling/queemly
  • Saturate = soak/drench
  • Save [v] = spare
  • Scale [v] = climb
  • Scapula = shoulderblade
  • Scarce = scant
  • Scarcely = barely/scantily
  • Scarcity = lack/dearth
  • Scheme [n] = undertaking/work
  • Search [v] = seek
  • Season = yeartide
  • Secede = break away
  • Second [adj] = twoth
  • Secrecy = dern
  • Secret [adj] = dern
  • Secret [n] = dern
  • Secrete = seep/ooze
  • Secure [v] = fasten
  • Secure [v] = guard
  • Secure [adj] = guarded / harmfree
  • Security = frith
  • Segregate = sunder
  • Segregated = sundered
  • Segregation = asunderness
  • Seismic = earthshaking / shocking / great
  • Seismic shift = great shift / upheaval
  • Seizure = fit
  • Select = choose/pick/wale
  • Selection = choosing/picking/wale/waling
  • Self-esteem = self-worth
  • Semi- = half-
  • Semitone = half step
  • Senior citizens = elderly
  • Sensation/Sentiment = feeling
  • Sensational = amazing
  • Sense [v] = feel
  • Sensitive = feeling
  • Sensitive = touchy
  • Sentence [v] = doom
  • Separate [v] = sunder/split/break up/break apart
  • Separate [adj] = sundered/sundry
  • Separation = asunderness
  • Sequel = follow-on/follow-up
  • Serene = still
  • Serenity = stillness/roo
  • Serious = stern/earnest
  • Seriously = sternly/earnestly
  • Serpent = snake
  • Severe = bad/harsh/stark
  • Severely = badly/harshly
  • Severity = harshness
  • Sign [n] = token
  • Signify = betoken/mean
  • Silence [n] = stillness/hush/shtumness
  • Silence [v] = hush
  • Silent = still/hushed/shtum
  • Similar = alike/kindred/matching
  • Similarity = alikeness/sameness
  • Similarly = likewise
  • Simple = straightforward
  • Simplicity = straightforwardness
  • Sincere = true / truthful / trustworthy / unfaked
  • Sinister = ill-boding/evil
  • Site [n] = stead
  • Site [v] = stow/put
  • Size [n] = bigness
  • Slave = thrall
  • Slavery = thralldom
  • Slice [v] = snithe
  • Solar [adj] = sunly
  • Sole [adj] = only/lone
  • Solitary = lone(some)
  • Solitude = aloneness
  • Solution = answer
  • Solve = unriddle
  • Someplace = somewhere
  • Somnolence = sleepiness/drowsiness
  • Somnolent = sleepy/drowsy
  • Sophisticated = couth
  • Sophistication = couthness
  • Sorority = sisterhood
  • Sort [n] = kind
  • Sort of = somewhat
  • Souvenir = keepsake
  • Spacious = roomy
  • Spaciousness = roomth
  • Spasm = crick
  • Specify = spell out
  • Spectacles = glasses
  • Spectacular = amazing/breathtaking/stunning/thrilling
  • Spectator = onlooker
  • Sperm = seed / spunk [slang]
  • Sphere = ball
  • Spherical = ball-shaped
  • Spillage = spilth
  • Spine = backbone
  • Spiral [n] = whorl
  • Spirit = ghost/soul/gist/pith
  • Spleen = milt
  • Splendid = great/awesome/wonderful
  • Splendour = greatness/awsomeness/wonder
  • Spoil [v] = mar
  • Spoil [v] = (molly)coddle
  • Sporadic = scattered/fitful
  • Sporadically = fitfully/seldom
  • State [v] = say
  • State [n] = fettle [“in fine fettle”]
  • Station [n] = stell
  • Sternum = breastbone
  • Stimulate = quicken/hasten/further/foster/spur/inliven
  • Stomach = belly/maw
  • Store [v] = stow
  • Store [n] = shop/warehouse
  • Story = tale
  • Strange = odd/weird
  • Strangle = choke
  • Strangulation = choking
  • Strict = stern
  • Strict(ly) = narrow(ly)
  • Structure = framework
  • Stupefy = bewilder
  • Stupid = brainless/dumb/witless
  • Stylish = trendy/swanky/dapper/dashing
  • Subdue = quell / cow
  • Subdued = quelled / cowed
  • Sublime = awesome
  • Submarine [adj] = undersea / underwater
  • Submarine [n] = U-boat (undersea-boat)
  • Subordinate [n] = underling
  • Sublime = great/awesome/wonderful
  • Submit [v] = yield/undercome
  • Subsequent = following/later
  • Subterranean = underground
  • Subtract [v] = dock
  • Successful = wealful/wealthful
  • Successor = aftercomer
  • Suffer = bear/thole/undergo
  • Suffering = plight
  • Suffice = be enough
  • Sufficient(ly) = enough(ly)
  • Suffocate = smother
  • Suit [v] = fit/befit
  • Suitable = fitting
  • Sulfur = brimstone
  • Summary = outline/rundown
  • Summarize = outline
  • Summit = peak
  • Superb = great/awesome/wonderful
  • Superfluous = overmuch/unneeded
  • Superior [adj] = better/higher
  • Superior [n] = overling/higher
  • Superiority = betterness/betterhood/higherness
  • Supervision = handling/oversight/running
  • Supervise = oversee
  • Supervisor = overseer
  • Supple = lithe
  • Supply [v] = give/furnish
  • Support [v] = help/uphold/back/bolster/bear-up/shore-up/underbear
  • Support [n] =help/backup
  • Suppose [v] = guess/reckon
  • Suppress = quell
  • Suppress (a button) = thrutch
  • Supreme = highest/uppermost/utmost
  • Sure [adj] = sicker
  • Surface [n] = topside/outside
  • Surname = lastname
  • Surpass = overreach/overtake/outdo
  • Surprizing = ferly
  • Surrender = forsake/yield/give in/give up
  • Surround = gird/begird/beset
  • Surrounded by = amid/amidst
  • Survive = live / outlive / outlast / overlive
  • Suspend = end/break off
  • Suspend = hang/dangle
  • Suspicion = misgiving
  • Suspicious/Suspect [adj] = shady/untoward
  • Sustain = withstand/uphold
  • Symbol = token
  • Symbolize = betoken
  • Synchronize = match
  • Synchronizing = matching
  • Synopsis = outline
  • Synthetic = manmade
  • System = framework

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Table [n] = board
  • Tactic/tactical
  • Talkative = chatty
  • Talon = claw
  • Talus bone = ankle bone
  • Target [n] = mark / goal
  • Taste = smatch
  • Tavern = alehouse
  • Technique = craft/way
  • Tedious = boring/tiresome/dull
  • Teenage(r) = teen
  • Telepathy = mindreading
  • Tempest = storm
  • Tempestuous = stormy
  • Temporal = timewise
  • Temporal = worldly
  • Temporary [adj] = whilend
  • Tenacious = dogged/unyielding/steadfast
  • Tenacity = doggedness/unyieldingness
  • Tendon = sinew
  • Tepid = lukewarm
  • Terminate = end/nix
  • Termination = ending/nixing
  • Terra firma = dry land
  • Terrain = land
  • Terrible = awful/ghastly
  • Terribly = awfully / so / such
  • Terrify = frighten/scare/spook
  • Terror = fright/fear/dread
  • Testicle = bollock
  • Tetanus = lockjaw
  • The remainder = the lave
  • The rest = the lave
  • Tibia = shinbone
  • Timid = shy
  • Toast [v] = wassail
  • Toil [n] = swink
  • Toil [v] = swink
  • Toilet = restroom
  • Tolerate = bear/thole/withstand/stand for
  • Toleration
  • Torment = (w)rack
  • Tornado = whirlwind
  • Total [adj] = full/utter/whole/wholesale
  • Totality = whole
  • Totally = fully/utterly/wholly
  • Trachea = windpipe
  • Tradition (culture) = folkway
  • Trajectory = flight path
  • Tranquil = still
  • Tranquility = stillness/roo
  • Transaction
  • Transfigure = shapeshift
  • Transfiguration = shapeshifting
  • Transform = forshape
  • Transgress = misdo
  • Transgression = misdoing
  • Transient = whilend
  • Transition/transitioning/transitional
  • Transitory = whilend
  • Transmit (non-medical) = broadcast
  • Transmission (non-medical) = broadcast
  • Transpire = happen
  • Transport [v] = ferry
  • Transport(ation) [n]
  • Travel [n+v] = trek/wayfare
  • Treacherous = swikeful
  • Treachery = swike
  • Treat [v] = handle
  • Treatise = drawth
  • Tremble = quake/quiver/shudder
  • Tremor = quake/quiver/shudder
  • Tricycle = three-wheeler
  • Trinity = threeness
  • Tripartite = threefold
  • Triple = threefold
  • Triplet = threeling
  • Truncheon = club/cudgel/nightstick
  • Tuition = teaching
  • Tumor = misgrowth
  • Tumulus = burial mound / grave mound / barrow
  • Tutor = teacher
  • Type = kind/brand/strain

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Ubiquitous = everywhere-at-once
  • Ulna = elbow bone
  • Ultimately = lastly/in the end
  • Umbrella = rainshade
  • Unambitious = driveless
  • Unanimous/unanimously/unanimity
  • Unarmed = unweaponed
  • Unbelievable = beliefless
  • Uncautious = reckless
  • Uncelebrated = unsung
  • Uncertain = iffy
  • Uncertainly = iffiness
  • Uncompromising = unyielding / hardline
  • Unconscious = unwitting/unaware/unknowing
  • Unconstrained = unbridled
  • Uncovered = bare
  • Undermine = threaten
  • Undisciplined = froward
  • Undress = unclothe/strip
  • Uneasy = restless
  • Unedifying = unwholesome
  • Uneducated = unlearned
  • Unemployed = jobless
  • Unexpected = unforeseen/ferly
  • Unfavorable = unwanted
  • Unfortunate = unlucky/hapless
  • Ungenerous = chary
  • Uniformity = evenness
  • Unilluminated = unlit
  • Uninhabited = undwelt
  • Unintelligent = brainless
  • Unique = one-of-a-kind
  • Unite [v] = fay/link/yoke
  • Unity = oneness/togetherness
  • Unlimited = unbounded
  • Unmaintained = unkempt
  • Unmanageable = unwieldy/froward
  • Unnecessary = unneeded/needless
  • Unnerve = unsettle
  • Unpleasant = bad/foul
  • Unpleased = unhappy
  • Unreservedly = wholeheartedly
  • Unrestrained = unbridled
  • Unrevealed = untold/hidden
  • Unpromising [adj] = bleak
  • Unsatisfactory = poor/unworthy/not good enough
  • Unsociable = standoffish / unfriendly
  • Unsuitable = unfitting
  • Unsuited = unfit
  • Unsympathetic = unfeeling
  • Unusual = odd/weird/outlandish
  • Urge = beckon/ask
  • Urine = lant
  • Urticaria = hives / nettle-rash
  • Use [v] = brook/wield/work
  • Usual [adj] = wonted
  • Usually = often/everyday
  • Ut dicitur = as above
  • Ut infra = as below
  • Ut supra = as above
  • Utensil = tool
  • Uterus = womb

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Vacancy = opening
  • Vacant = open / empty / free
  • Vacate = leave/empty
  • Vacation = holiday
  • Vague = rough/hazy/sketchy
  • Valet = steward
  • Valiant = bold/daring/fearless
  • Valid = sound
  • Valley = dale
  • Valuable - worthy
  • Value = worth
  • Variety = sundriness
  • Various = sundry
  • Vary = waver
  • Varying = wavering
  • Vast = great/endless
  • Vendor = seller/dealer
  • Veracious = truthful
  • Verbal = spoken
  • Verbatim = word for word
  • Verbosity = wordiness
  • Verge = brink
  • Verily = truly
  • Vernal = springtime
  • Versus = against
  • Vertebral column = backbone
  • Veruca = foot wart
  • Veto [v] = nix
  • Via = through/by-way-of
  • Vicinity = neighborhood
  • Victory = win
  • View [noun] = sight/insight/outlook
  • View [verb] = see/look at
  • Vigilance = wariness/watchfulness
  • Vigilant = wary/watchful
  • Vigorous = lively
  • Vigor = liveliness
  • Village = thorp
  • Violate/violation = breach
  • Virtually = almost/nearly/seemingly
  • Virtue = goodness
  • Vision - sight
  • Visitor = guest
  • Vocal [adj] = loud/outspoken
  • Vociferous = outspoken
  • Voice = steven (dialectal)
  • Void = emptiness/nothingness
  • Volition = will / choosing
  • Volume [sound] = loudness
  • Voluntary = willing
  • Vomit = puke/retch
  • Vow [n] = hight
  • Vow [v] = behight (p.t. behote)/swear
  • Voyage [n+v] = trek/wayfare
  • Vulgar = lowbrow

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Wager = stake
  • Waive = forgo
  • Warrior = fighter
  • Well-informed = clueful
  • Windscreen = windshield
  • Wondrous = great/awesome/wonderful

left: Greco-Romanic words | right: Germanic words

  • Zeal = boldness/keenness/willingness/readiness
  • Zenith = top/peak
  • Zero = naught/none

A