The Army School of Music edit
The earliest formal training for U.S. Army musicians was at the "School of Practice for U.S.A. Field Musicians" at Fort Jay (then known as Fort Columbus, an infantry recruiting post on Governors Island in New York harbor. A second, lesser known school was established at the western infantry recruiting post at Newport Barracks Kentucky. Musical training was first held at this location in 1809, but training wasn't formalized at Governors Island until the mid-1830s. Between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the twentieth century, training was often sporadic and not standardized.
In 1911, Frank Damrosch, director of the Institute of Musical Art (later renamed The Juilliard School), and Arthur A. Clappe, a graduate of the Royal Military School of Music, began a formal school for Army bandmasters at Fort Jay. By 1914 the school had added a course of basic musical training to the program of instruction. The school grew rapidly, along with Army bands as a whole, during World War I.
In February 1920, the Army Music School at Fort Jay was designated a Special Services School of the Army. In September 1921 the school was moved to the Army War College, Washington D.C. This ended the affiliation with the Institute of Musical Art, which lasted 10 years and provided the Army with many outstanding leaders; among the school's graduates during the Fort Jay years was composer Percy Grainger. The school was closed by the Army in 1928.
The Army re-opened the school and re-established a three-month warrant officer band leader training beginning 10 June 1941 by the Adjutant General and functioned under the supervision of the leader of the United States Army Band. It was originally located in the United States Army Band Barracks, Army War College and subsequently moved to Fort Myer, Virginia. Students were selected from enlisted men who had the following general qualifications: a. At least three years service in a Regular Army band, b. Physically qualified and possess the moral and general qualifications necessary for appointment as Warrant Officers, and c. Not over 45 years of age.
On 24 July 1943 sites were approved by Lt. General Somervell for two band training units. One was located at the Signal Corps Replacement Training Center, Camp Crowder, Missouri, and the other at the Quartermaster Replacement Training Center, Camp Lee, Virginia. Becoming operative about 1 September 1943, the Adjutant General assigned 20 enlisted men on alternate weeks beginning with the weeks during July and August 1943 who were "earmarked" for the bandsman course. Approximately 160 bandsmen were trained during each training cycle. One commissioned officer was in charge of the course. The training was run concurrently with the regular basic training of soldiers.
The band training units were organized by the Chief of the Music Section, Special Services Division and music officers were placed in charge of each installation. The training program and all curricular material was prepared by the Music Section, Special Services Division. After training what the Army considered to be enough bandmasters, the school was again closed on 1 January 1944. Bandsmen for the Army received on-the-job training for the next several years and there were no advanced-level course for bandmasters or senior enlisted leaders.
The Army began consolidating musical training with the Navy in 1951, but maintained separate, Army-only bandsmen courses at several other locations until January 1956. Since 1956 the Army has conducted musical training only in conjunction with the Navy School of Music. Combined training of music warrant officers and enlisted bandsmen at the Band Training Unit, Camp Lee, Virginia.
The Navy retains control over training and administration and "owns" the curriculum; the commanding officer, executive officer, and training officer (with the exception of one Marine Corps officer) have always been Navy officers. The Army contingent was designated "U.S. Army Element School of Music" in 1951; however, due to recent force-structure realignment, the Army contingent was redesignated "U.S. Army School of Music" in 2005.
In October 2010 the Army deconsolidated activities from the Navy and Marines. Though all three services share facilities the curriculum changed to meet the need of a fast-paced Army. The Advanced Individual Training (AIT) was reduced from approximately six months to 10 weeks. In order to better support Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN), bands were reorganized in into Music Performance Units made up of Music Performance Teams (MPTs.) These teams consist of the music headquarters, the ceremonial team, the popular music team, brass music team and woodwind music team. Some bands have more MPTs than others to create a larger organization according to the type of command and troop populations supported. AIT Training is now performance based covering MPT operations, full band support operations, and marching band operations. A field training exercise conducted at week 8 and a graduation concert/ceremony provide an opportunity for all the groups developed during the 10 week AIT to have a chance to perform.
The concept of the MPT was developed to facilitate transporting musical groups across the battlefield to the patrol bases, forward operating bases (FOBs), Contingency Operating Bases (COBs like COB Speicher) and any other troop operated position. Groups must fit in convoys of trucks or in helicopters to move through areas of operation in order to conduct musical operations. Bands must be able to provide flexible, relevant, and ready music support to ARFORGEN as well as to the institutional Army. Bands must be able to deliver music in a scalable fashion so that the quantity/type of music support is matched to the supported forces. To do that requires music support modules of different sizes/types and split-based mission capabilities to support deploying, deployed, and redeploying forces concurrently. Bands must deliver music that supported forces want to hear. That requires robust popular music capability to support Soldier/Family morale and Army Recruiting, along with adequate ceremonial capability to support command events and Soldier memorials.
The U.S. Army School of Music supports the Army Music Program by providing highly trained musicians for assignment in an Army band. Army bands provide music for ceremonial and morale support across unified land operations. Bands select music to inspire Warrior spirit in Soldiers and leaders and in keeping with the musical tastes of the target audience. Deployed bands are capable of creating and sustaining relationships with host-nations, multi-national forces, and Joint forces. Army bands must be able to provide relevant music to support Army operational and institutional missions.
Army bands provide: 1. Music support to military operations by tailoring music for troop support, ceremonies, and command interest programs in order to preserve customs, improve morale, inspire the Warrior spirit of troops, and promote the Nation’s interests at home and abroad. 2. Music support to preserve our Nation’s traditions, foster the support of our citizens, support Army recruiting efforts, and enrich the morale and esprit de corps of Army professionals, organizations, and military Families. 3. Music support to the commander’s communications strategy as part of a comprehensive approach to support Joint, interagency, and multi-national strategic objectives. The type of missions Army bands perform depends upon the supported command’s phase of operations, the location of MPTs, or the concurrent mission capabilities of the MPTs. The modular organization of the band allows its teams to be tasked and deployed independently or collectively.
See also edit
Bibliography edit
- Jones, Patrick M. A History of the Armed Forces School of Music. PhD Diss., The Pennsylvania State University, 2002.
- Helbig, Otto H., A History of Music in the U.S. Armed Forces During World War II. Philadelphia: M.W. Lads Publishing Company, 1966.
External links edit
- U.S. Army School of Music official site
- U.S. Army Bands official site- contains extensive history of U.S. Army Bands
- Army Bands Top Stories and Upcoming Performances
- Army Bands Career Openings
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United States Armed Forces
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