Venus
Venus
Venus in real color
Designations
AdjectivesVenusian or (rarely) Cytherean, Venerean
SymbolAstronomical symbol of Venus
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion108,942,109 km
0.728 231 28 AU
Perihelion107,476,259 km
0.718 432 70 AU
108,208,930 km
0.723 332 AU
Eccentricity0.006 8
224.700 69 day
0.615 197 0 yr
583.92 days[1]
35.02 km/s
Inclination3.394 71°
3.86° to Sun's equator
76.670 69°
54.852 29°
Known satellitesNone
Physical characteristics
6 051.8 ± 1.0 km[2]
0.949 9 Earths
Flattening< 0.000 2[2]
4.60×108 km²
0.902 Earths
Volume9.38×1011 km³
0.857 Earths
Mass4.868 5×1024 kg
0.815 Earths
Mean density
5.204 g/cm³
8.87 m/s2
0.904 g
10.46 km/s
243.018 5 day
Equatorial rotation velocity
6.52 km/h (1.81 m/s)
177.3°[1]
North pole right ascension
18 h 11 min 2 s
272.76°[3]
North pole declination
67.16°
Albedo0.65[1]
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin 735 K[4][5]
Celsius 461.85 °C
up to -4.6[1] (cresent)
-3.8[6] (full)
9.7" — 66.0"[1]
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
9.3 MPa
Composition by volume~96.5% Carbon dioxide
~3.5% Nitrogen
0.015% Sulfur dioxide
0.007% Argon
0.002% Water vapor
0.001 7% Carbon monoxide
0.001 2% Helium
0.000 7% Neon
trace Carbonyl sulfide
trace Hydrogen chloride
trace Hydrogen fluoride
  1. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference nssdc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, B. A.; a'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L.; Krasinsky, G. A.; Neumann, G.; Oberst, J.; Stooke, P.; Tedesco, E. F.; Tholen, D. J.; Thomas, P. C.; Williams, I. P. (2007). "Report of the IAU/IAGWorking Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 90 (3): 155–180. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y. Retrieved 2007-08-28.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ^ "Report on the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites". International Astronomical Union. 2000. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
  4. ^ "Venus: Facts & Figures" (html). NASA. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
  5. ^ "Space Topics: Compare the Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, The Moon, and Mars". Planetary Society. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ephemeris was invoked but never defined (see the help page).