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Carbon Monitoring Carbon dioxide monitoring refers to the measure of carbon emissions that are produced from agricultural and environmentally harmful activities, including deforestation, the burning of fossil fuels and industrial processes (1). Carbon emissions are defined as the release of green house gases into the atmosphere caused by agricultural and industrial processes (2). Carbon dioxide is naturally occurring in the atmosphere but human activities have been causing the amount of carbon to rise beyond these natural levels, resulting in global warming (3). It is important for these emissions to be monitored because they are one of the main drivers of climate change, and the only way to reduce them is to be aware of where they are coming from. Eighty seven percent of human produced carbon comes from the burning of fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas and oil, making it the top contributor to carbon emissions (3). Fossil fuels are burned for energy and transportation purposes, including electricity, gasoline, and the production of cement (3). Monitoring these levels of carbon emissions is vital to the health of the environment because knowing the amount of carbon that is coming from specific activities is the only way to reduce emissions and stop climate change. As fossil fuels are among the main drivers of climate change, new green technologies have been implemented to provide alternate sources of electricity and transportation that do not emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Wind energy and electric cars are two examples that are an attempt at preserving the environment through technology (4). Another contributor to carbon emissions is deforestation, at 29% (3). Deforestation itself releases carbon into the atmosphere through the cutting of trees, but once the trees are cut down, there is not as much photosynthesis occurring, so carbon dioxide is not being removed from the atmosphere (6). Deforestation is the result of urbanization and development, which in the future will also contribute to elevated levels of carbon emissions. For example, oil palm plantations in Indonesia are causing deforestation by cutting down forests to plant oil palm for the production of goods including food, cosmetics and fuel. Along with trees being cut down, these new goods being produced will also contribute to an increase in carbon emissions. With the knowledge of carbon emissions through carbon monitoring and knowing where they come from and what sources cause the highest levels, strategies can be implemented to help decrease the levels and in turn reduce global warming. Simple strategies in the home can be used to reduce a family’s carbon footprint, such as recycling, buying energy efficient appliances, and walking instead of driving. The government also implements large-scale strategies to aid in reducing global warming. For example, the United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a plan put in place to aid in reducing emissions by managing forests in developing countries (7). The ways carbon emissions are monitored include remote sensing and forest inventory, which monitors changes in forests caused by deforestation. Remote sensing is collecting information about an environment through the energy reflected off of the earth. Both of these processes help measure the level of deforestation in an area, which helps measure carbon emissions. Carbon monitoring is vital to the effort to reduce climate change because it determines which activities produce the most emissions, which will create an incentive to adjust these activities to better suit the environment. An example of this is the invention of electric cars to offset the burning of fossil fuels, which is the highest source of emissions in the world. Knowing that carbon emissions come from mainly fossil fuels and deforestation has made households and the government implement strategies including recycling and the REDD+ program for example, as active ways to help reduce emissions.

Bibliography 1. Carbon Monitoring. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://carpe.umd.edu/forest_monitoring/carbon.php 2. Definition of Carbon Emission. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://www.ecolife.com/define/carbon-emission.html 3. Overview of Greenhouse Gases. (2017, January 20). Retrieved February 13, 2017, from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#carbon-dioxide 4. Wind Energy Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/ 6. Ali Penman | Web Smart Media. (n.d.). CLIMATE & WEATHER. Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://www.climateandweather.net/global-warming/deforestation.html 7. UN-REDD Programme. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://www.un-redd.org/