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Payne's Grey (Article Draft)
editPayne's grey is a dark blue-grey colour used in painting. Originally a mixture of iron blue (Prussian blue), yellow ochre and crimson lake,[1] Payne's grey now is often a mixture of blue (ultramarine, phthalocyanine, or indigo) and black,[2][3] or of ultramarine and burnt sienna.[citation needed] The colour is named after William Payne, who painted watercolours in the late 18th century, who most likely developed the colour while trying to produce a mixer that was less intense than black.[4] Payne's grey was deemed an obsolete term in the early 19th century, but is well loved by artists today.[2][4]
The first recorded use of Payne's grey as a colour name in English was in 1835.[5]
The source of the colour displayed below is the Robert Ridgway colour list, entered onto the Internet from his 1912 book Color Standards and Color Nomenclature.
The normalized colour coordinates for Payne's grey are identical to dark electric blue, which was formalized as a colour in the ISCC–NBS system in 1955.[6]
History
editPayne's grey was created by the watercolourist, William Payne, whom the colour is named after in the late 18th century. Since not much is known about Payne's history the origins of the colour are equally as unknown. However, theories suggest that Payne made the colour in the attempts to find a replacement for black when he taught watercolour, since black was the tradtional mixer.[4]
Many different recipes of Payne's grey have existed due to the fact that the shade is a composite colour. The original mixture was made with Prussian blue, yellow ochre, and crimson lake in the late 18th century.[4] A recipe listed in the 20th century, called for indigo instead of Prussian blue, and now it appears to be made of mixing ultramarine, or an artificial ultramarine with a carbon based black.[3][7]
Payne's grey has been listed in articles as an obsolete term that describes the mixture of black, ultramarine, and ochre in the early 20th century.[2] However, this has been contradicted by other sources that suggest that the colour is still commonly used and well perceived.[2][4]
Visual properties
editPayne's grey is a dark blue grey that has long been considered similar to another colour of a similar origin called neutral tint. The reason why they are similar is because both colours are made of the same pigments of indigo, ochre, and ivory black in watercolour, but in different proportions. The main difference between the two of them is that Payne's grey has a more lilac shadow, and therefore a warmer tint. Even though Payne's grey has a composition for acrylic paint, which uses a mixture of artificial ultramarine, ochre, and ivory black, its visual properties stay the same.[7]
Permanence
editPayne's grey does not have significant resistance to light. Overtime, the lilac shadow will fade out resulting in the colour overtime being more of a neutral grey.[7]
Notable Occurrences
edit
Due to the fact that William Payne was the person who created Payne's grey, a significant amount of his works include the shade. The shade is primarily used for an atmospheric perspective to create distance.[4] In Payne's own work, it was primarily applied to the middle distance to produce said atmospheric effect.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Handprint : Colormaking attributes".
- ^ a b c d Nicholas, Eastaugh (2004). Pigment compendium : a dictionary and optical microscopy of historical pigments. Routledge. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-7506-8980-9. OCLC 1061503478.
- ^ a b "Professional Watercolour | Winsor & Newton".
- ^ a b c d e f St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. pp. 266–267. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; Colour Sample of Payne's Grey: Page 117 Plate 47 Colour Sample A9
- ^ "ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names (1955)". tx4.us. Archived from the original on 2012-11-22. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
- ^ a b c Carlyle, Leslie (2001). The artist's assistant : oil painting instruction manuals and handbooks in Britain, 1800-1900, with reference to selected eighteenth-century sources. Leslie Carlyle. London: Archetype Publications. pp. 497–498. ISBN 1-873132-16-6. OCLC 47075799.
- ^ Long, Basil S. (1922). William Payne, water-colour painter working 1776-1830. Robarts - University of Toronto. London, Walker's Galleries. p. 13.