Wikipedia

User:Alekksandr/martyrs

< User:Alekksandr

The Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation are men and women who died for the Roman Catholic faith in the years of persecution between 1534 and 1680. Certain of them have officially been recognised as martyrs by the Catholic Church.

Catholics in England and Wales were executed under treason laws. Legislation of the 16th century made treasonable refusing to assent to the royal supremacy over the Church that had been established by Henry VIII, or being or harbouring a Catholic priest. The standard penalty for all those convicted of treason at the time was execution by being hanged, drawn and quartered.

As early as the reign of Pope Gregory XIII (1572–85), authorisation was given for 63 recognised martyrs to have their relics honoured and pictures painted for devotion. These martyrs were formally beatified by Pope Leo XIII, 54 in 1886 and the remaining nine in 1895. Further groups of martyrs were subsequently documented and proposed by the bishops of England and Wales, and formally recognised by Rome:[1]

The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales canonised by Paul VI on 25 October 1970 edit

 
John Houghton
Main article: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales

Beatified 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII edit

 
Sir Thomas More and Bishop John Fisher

As well as those listed below, the following 11 members of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales were also beatified on that date, making a total of 54 - Alexander Briant, Edmund Campion, John Houghton, Luke Kirby, Robert Lawrence, Cuthbert Mayne, John Payne, Richard Reynolds, Ralph Sherwin, John Stone, Augustine Webster

Beatified 13 May 1895 by Pope Leo XIII edit

 
Hugh Faringdon

Beatified 15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI edit

As well as those listed below, 29 members of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales were also beatified on that date, making a total of 137. NB that William Barlow does not appear in the New Catholic Encyclopedia, and I do not count him as one of them. [3] died at Douai.

Beatified 22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II edit

 
Thomas Bullaker
Main article: Eighty-five martyrs of England and Wales

List of Catholics executed for their faith in England 1534–1680 edit

1534–1547 edit

The 'Nun of Kent' and her companions edit

After the pilgrimage of grace and the rising of Lincolnshire edit

  • 1537: George ab Alba Rose, Augustinian
  • George Ashby (Asleby), monk;[31]
  • Ralph Barnes, monk;
  • Laurence Blonham, monk;
  • William Burraby, priest;
  • James Cockerell, Prior of Gisborough Priory;
  • William Coe, monk;
  • William Cowper, monk;
  • The Lord Darcy de Darcy;
  • John Eastgate, monk;
  • Richard Eastgate, monk;
  • John Francis, monk;
  • William Gylham, monk;
  • Richard Harrison, Abbot of Kirkistead;
  • William Haydock, monk;
  • Nicholas Heath, Prior of Lenton;
  • John Henmarsh, priest;
  • Robert Hobbes, Abbot of Woburn;
  • Henry Jenkinson, monk;
  • Thomas Kendal, priest;
  • Richard Laynton, monk;
  • Robert Leeche, layman;
  • Hugh Londale, monk;
  • Matthew Mackerel, Premonstratensian abbot, titular bishop of Chalcedon;
  • James Mallet, priest;
  • Thomas Moyne 'After the pilgrimage of grace and the rising of Lincolnshire'
  • John Paslew, Abbot of Whatley;
  • John Pickering, Benedictine, prior of York;
  • May 25, 1537: John Pickering, priest[32]
  • Thomas Redforth, priest;
  • May 26, 1537: Adam Sedbar, Abbot of Jervaulx;
  • William Swale, monk;
  • John Tenant, monk;
  • William Thyrsk, Cistercian; [32]
  • William Trafford, Abbot of Sawley;
  • Richard Wade, monk

Various edit

Decrees of Elizabeth I edit

During the 4½-year reign of Mary I, Catholicism was officially favoured and Protestants were persecuted.[41] After Elizabeth I's accession to the throne, the religion of the country was changed again to make it Protestant. Many people continued to remain loyal to the old Catholic faith.

In the words of the New Catholic Encyclopedia, 'Without question it was Elizabeth I's intention to supplant the old religion with the new in a bloodless manner. It is significant that there were no martyrs in the first 12 years of her reign, and only five in the years 1570 to 1577.' [42] Of those five, Thomas Plumtree had been chaplain to the insurgents in the Rising of the North, John Felton had published Pope Pius V's Bull Regnans in Excelsis ("reigning on high"), excommunicating Queen Elizabeth, John Story was tried for high treason, for having supported the Rising of the North and encouraging the Duke of Alba to invade and Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland had led the Rising of the North.

The threat of invasion by a Catholic country assisted by English subjects led the Crown to try to stamp out Catholicism with repressive measures.[43] Elizabeth I's government passed anti-Catholic decrees in 1571: forbidding anyone from maintaining the jurisdiction of the pope by word, deed or act; requiring use of the Book of Common Prayer in all cathedrals, churches and chapels, and forbidding criticism of it; forbidding the publication of any bull, writing or instrument of the Holy See (the death penalty was assigned to this); and, prohibiting the importing of Agnus Dei images, crosses, pictures, beads or other things from the Bishop of Rome.

Later laws made the following activities illegal: to draw anyone away from the state religion; non-attendance at a Church of England church; raising children with teachers that were not licensed by an Anglican diocesan bishop; and, attending or celebrating the Catholic Mass.

In 1585 a new decree was issued that made it a crime punishable by death to go overseas to receive the sacrament of Ordination to the Catholic priesthood. Nicholas Devereux (who went by the alias of Nicholas Woodfen) and Edward Barber (see below Edward Stransham) were both put to death in 1586 under this law. William Thompson and Richard Lea (see below Richard Sergeant) were hanged, disembowelled and quartered under the same law. In 1588, eight priests and six laymen at Newgate were condemned and executed under this law.[43]

1570–1603 edit


1606–1680 edit

  • Laurence Bailey, layman, August 1604 (Venerable)
  • Henry Garnet, Jesuit, 1606 - One of the dilati, "put off" for further proof - 'was he killed ex odio fidei, or was he believed to be guilty of the Powder Plot, by merely human misjudgment, not through religious prejudice?' [44]
  • Edward Morgan, priest, April 26, 1642 (Venerable)[2]
  • Robert Price (or Apreece), layman, May 7, 1644 (Venerable)
  • Ildephonse Hesketh (alias William Hanson), Benedictine, 1644 - One of the dilati, "put off" for further proof - 'driven on foot before [Parliament soldiers] in the heat of summer, by which cruel and outrageous usage they were so heated and spent, that they either forthwith or soon after died'
  • Brian Tansfield (or Cansfield), priest, August 3, 1645, (Venerable)[2] Died of ill-treatment in prison

Notes and references edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Pullan, Malcolm (2008). The Lives and Times of Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 1535–1680. Athena Press. pp. xvii–xxii. ISBN 978-1-84748-258-7. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "The College Martyrs", The Venerable English College, Rome
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "College Saints and Martyrs" Royal English College Valladolid
  4. ^ Camm, Bede. "St. John Boste." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 23 Mar. 2013
  5. ^ Camm, Bede. "St. Margaret Clitherow." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 23 Mar. 2013
  6. ^ Caldwell, Simon, "Catholic, Anglican bishops honor first English martyr of Reformation", Catholic News Service, May 5, 2005.
  7. ^ "About St. Richard Reynolds", St. Richard Reynolds Catholic College
  8. ^ Morris, John et al, "Decree of the Congregation of Sacred Rites, 29 December, 1886", Lives of the English Martyrs: declared blessed by Pope Leo XIII, Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1914
  9. ^ Morris, John et al, "Decree of the Congregation of Sacred Rites, 13 May, 1895", Lives of the English Martyrs: declared blessed by Pope Leo XIII, Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1914
  10. ^ a b Ryan, Patrick W.F. "Ven. Thomas Alfield." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 13 Mar. 2013
  11. ^ a b Ryan, Patrick W.F. "Ven. John Amias." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 2 Feb. 2013
  12. ^ a b Ryan, Patrick W.F. "Ven. Robert Anderton." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 13 Mar. 2013
  13. ^ Ryan, Patrick W.F. "Ven. William Andleby." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 13 Mar. 2013
  14. ^ a b Camm, Bede. "Ven. Christopher Bales." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 22 Mar. 2013
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i T.E. Muir, Stonyhurst, (St Omers Press, Gloucestershire. Second edition, 2006) ISBN 0-9553592-0-1 p.188
  16. ^ Camm, Bede. "Ven. John Bodey." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 22 Mar. 2013
  17. ^ a b c d Mershman, Francis. "Venerables John Cornelius and Companions." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 23 Mar. 2013
  18. ^ a b c d The Oaten Hill Martyrs at RC.net
  19. ^ Camm, Bede. "Ven. William Dean." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 23 Mar. 2013
  20. ^ Bl. William Freeman at Catholic Online
  21. ^ Pollen, John Hungerford. "Bl. Geran Gardiner." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 11 Mar. 2013
  22. ^ Bunson, Matthew (2003). Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints, Revised. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. p. 712. ISBN 1931709750, 978-1-93170-975-0. Retrieved 31 March 2013. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  23. ^ a b c Ryan, Patrick W.F. "Ven. John Adams." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 13 Mar. 2013
  24. ^ Camm, Bede. "Ven. George Beesley." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 22 Mar. 2013
  25. ^ Camm, Bede. "Ven. Thomas Belson." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 22 Mar. 2013
  26. ^ a b Wainewright, John. "Ven. Hugh Taylor." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 23 Mar. 2013
  27. ^ Camm, Bede. "Ven. John Britton." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 23 Mar. 2013
  28. ^ Wainewright, John. "Ven. William Carter." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 23 Mar. 2013
  29. ^ "Elizabeth Barton" The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Accessed 12 Jan. 2013.
  30. ^ a b c Wainewright, John. "Richard Risby." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 11 Mar. 2013
  31. ^ Pollen, John Hungerford. "George Ashby" The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Accessed 12 Jan. 2013.
  32. ^ a b c "The Blood of the Martyrs: Seed of the Church" Tyburn Convent
  33. ^ a b c The Observant Friars of Greenwich at British History Online places certain executions in 1534, citing Bourchier, Hist. Eccl. de Martyrio Fratrum
  34. ^ A'Becket, John Joseph. "John Allen." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 11 Mar. 2013
  35. ^ http://www.seattlecatholic.com/a050727.html
  36. ^ [1]
  37. ^ [2]
  38. ^ Camm, Bede. "Ven. Edmund Brindholm" The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Accessed 12 Jan. 2013.
  39. ^ The House of White Friars, Doncaster at British History Online
  40. ^ Wainewright, John. "Bl. John Larke." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 11 Mar. 2013
  41. ^ The Book of Martyrs (Foxe), Chapter XVI, Wikisource, accessed 1 February 2013
  42. ^ "Martyrs of England and Wales" New Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. 1967. P 322.
  43. ^ a b Chapman, John H. "The Persecution under Elizabeth" Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Old Series Vol. 9 (1881), pp. 21-43. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  44. ^ Pollen, John Hungerford. "English Confessors and Martyrs (1534-1729)" The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company, . 31 Mar. 2013

References edit

See also edit

External links edit

"English Confessors and Martyrs (1534–1729)". article by Pollen, J.H. in The Catholic Encyclopedia (1909)



List Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation Catholic martyrs Category:Anti-Catholicism in England Category:Anti-Catholicism in Wales Category:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alekksandr/martyrs&oldid=786771972"