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WEEK ONE
editAs Oscar Wilde once said, "Quotation is a serviceable substitution for wit."
References
editEngel, David (2000, 2013). The Holocaust: The Third Reich and The Jews. Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 978-1-4082-4994-9.
WIKI 5
editThe Enlightenment followed the Middle Ages, characterized by a set of values and ideas that completely opposed its predecessor. It stressed logic and the importance of thinking for oneself, instead of blindly following tradition or prejudice-a huge boon for the Jews. The Enlightened Monarch was an important product of the era; he or she strove to create a cultured, modern state populated by effective subjects, and often began the journey to this state by improving the living conditions of the poor and minorities, which included Jews in most countries. The monarchs tried to include their Jewish subjects in mainstream society, reducing restrictions and passing more general laws that applied to all, regardless of religion.[1]
A Jewish Enlightenment occurred alongside the broader European one, originally appearing at the end of the eighteenth century. Known as Haskalah, it would re-emerge in the 1820s and lasted for the better part of the century. A form of "critical rationalism"[1] inspired by the European Enlightenment, Haskalah focused on reform in two specific areas: improving and modernizing curriculum to stimulate an internal rebirth of culture, and better preparing and training Jews to exist in a christocentric world. It did not force its adherents to sacrifice one identity for the other, allowing them to simultaneously be Jewish and emulate their Gentile contemporaries. One of the most important effects of the Enlightenment was emancipation for Jews. Beginning in Napoleonic France after the Revolution-which was directly inspired by the Enlightenment-Jews received full rights and became equal citizens. This trend spread eastward across the continent, lasting until 1917, when Russian Jews were finally emancipated during the first Russian Revolution.[1]