United States v. Marcos (officially the United States of America v. Imelda Romuáldez Marcos, Adnan Khashoggi) was a 1990 federal trial involving the former First Lady of the Philippines and the first governor of Metro Manila, Imelda Marcos, who was indicted on charges of fraud, racketeering, conspiracy, and obstruction of justice.[1] Co-defendant was Saudi arms dealer and businessman Adnan Khashoggi, who was indicted on charges of fraud and obstruction of justice.[2]
| United States v. Marcos | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Court | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York |
| Full case name | United States of America v. Imelda Romuáldez Marcos, Adnan Khashoggi |
| Decided | July 2, 1990 |
| Verdict | Acquitted on all charges |
| Defendant | Imelda Romuáldez Marcos |
| Court membership | |
| Judge sitting | John F. Keenan |
On July 2, 1990, the jury acquitted both on all charges,[1] after a three-month trial and five days of jury deliberations.[3] Marcos was notably represented by Gerry Spence.[4]
The trial of Imelda Marcos is considered one of the trials of the century of the 20th century.[5][6][7]
Background
editImelda Marcos was First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, and the first governor of Metro Manila from 1975 to 1986, and in that time, Imelda Marcos wielded significant power as the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who served as the tenth President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.[8]
Imelda Marcos was ultimately charged with four counts, those being racketeering, conspiracy to commit racketeering, mail fraud and obstruction of justice. Adnan Khashoggi was charged with one count of mail fraud and one count of obstruction of justice, and was seen as having helped the couple conceal their assets.[6]
Tobacco heiress Doris Duke posted Marcos's bail of $5 million.[9][10] Marcos faced up to 50 years in prison and fines up to $1 million if convicted of all charges.[11] Following the illness and eventual death of her husband, Imelda Marcos became the main defendant.[6]
The United States and Philippine governments worked closely to prosecute the case.[3] Debra A. Livingston and Charles G. LaBella, the chief of the Public Corruption Unit of the S.D.N.Y, were the prosecutors in the case.[12][6]
Trial
edit95 witnesses were brought forth by prosecution against Marcos, while Gerry Spence brought forth none in defense of Marcos, instead potraying her as a victim who did not know of her husband's crimes.[13] Prosecution also had some 360,000 documents.[14]
In the closing arguments, prosecutor Charles G. LaBella described Marcos as "the one pulling the strings".[15]
Despite overwhelming evidence and a thoroughly presented case by the prosecution against her,[14] Marcos was acquitted on all charges after five days of jury deliberations.[13] Adnan Khashoggi, a co-defendant, was also acquitted.
Judge John F. Kennan described the trial as "an unprecedented prosecution", due to the fact that it included world figures.[16]
References
edit- ^ a b Wolff, Craig (1990-07-03). "The Marcos Verdict; Marcos Is Cleared of All Charges In Racketeering and Fraud Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
- ^ Wolff, Craig (1990-05-24). "Focus at Marcos Trial Turns to Khashoggi". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
- ^ a b Rempel, William C. (1990-07-03). "Imelda Marcos Found Not Guilty: Philippines: The former first lady's late husband was the culpable party, some jurors feel. Khashoggi is also cleared". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
- ^ "How Gerry Spence Won the Imelda Marcos Trial". Trial Excellence. 2 (8): 7.
- ^ The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York: A Retrospective (1990-2000) (Report). The New York County Lawyers’ Association. December 2002. p. 11. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d Bareng, Eriza Ong (2018). Steeling the Butterfly: The Imperial Constructions of Imelda Marcos 1966-1990 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
- ^ Live Awake PH (2021-11-10), Gerry Spence, Imelda Marcos' Defense Lawyer in the Trial of the Century, retrieved 2023-11-16
- ^ Chaikin, David; Sharman, J. C. (2009). Corruption and Money Laundering: A Symbiotic Relationship. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 179–182. doi:10.1057/9780230622456. ISBN 978-1-349-37827-2.
- ^ Reilly, William M. (1988-11-03). "Indicted former Philippine first lady Imelda Marcos was free..." UPI. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
- ^ Bohlen, Celestine (1988-11-03). "DORIS DUKE OFFERS MRS. MARCOS'S BAIL". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
- ^ "TESTIMONY ENDS IN FRAUD TRIAL OF IMELDA MARCOS". The Washington Post. 1990-06-19. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
- ^ Wolff, Craig (1990-04-04). "Lawyers Begin Marcos Trial In Air of Raucous Contention". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
- ^ a b Tisdall, Simon (2015-07-03). "From the archive, 3 July 1990: Tears and cheers as Imelda cleared". The Guardian.com. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
- ^ a b Pedrosa, Carmen N. (2016-11-26). "Imelda tried in New York". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
- ^ Wolff, Craig (1990-06-26). "Prosecutor Uses Fiery Statement At Marcos Trial". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
- ^ "JURY ACQUITS MARCOS, KHASHOGGI". Deseret News. 1990-07-02. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
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