The Tobacco War (1780–1781) occurred during the American Revolutionary War in Virginia when the British forces commanded by generals Cornwallis, Phillips, and Arnold, burned the colonists' tobacco. About 10,000 hogsheads of cured tobacco leaf were destroyed by the British.[1] Each hogshead weighed about 1,000 lb (450 kg).[2] The British wanted to win in the southern colonies by causing steep economic losses.[3] They also wished to entirely disrupt the tobacco industry because the colonists used the tobacco trade to fund their war effort against Britain. This complemented existing efforts by the British Royal Navy to seize shipments of tobacco leaving American ports.[4]
| Tobacco War | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the American Revolutionary War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United States |
 Great Britain | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Charles Cornwallis, Benedict Arnold, William Phillips | |||||||
General Benedict Arnold attempted to bargain with the colonists for their tobacco. Once in Richmond, Virginia in January 1781, Benedict Arnold wrote a letter to Virginia governor Thomas Jefferson, asking him to surrender the city's tobacco supplies in exchange for British forces not destroying the city. Jefferson did not negotiate with Arnold or turn over the tobacco.[5] The troops led by Phillips burned about 8,000 hogsheads of tobacco in Petersburg, Manchester, Blandford, and Osborne.[6] In addition to burning the colonists' curing barns and tobacco fields, British forces also freed the enslaved people held by the colonists. Some of the scorched tobacco fields and thirty of the enslaved people freed[7] belonged to Thomas Jefferson, who wrote that it was a "useless and barbarous injury".[3] The Tobacco War represented the "last gasp of a floundering army", and did not significantly impact the trajectory of the Revolutionary War.[8]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Andreas, Peter (2019). "Drugs and War: What is the Relationship?". Annual Review of Political Science. 22: 57–73. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051017-103748.
- ^ "1730 – 1985 Petersburg's Tobacco Industry". Historic Petersburg Foundation. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ a b Meinking, Mary (2014). Cash Crop to Cash Cow: The History of Tobacco and Smoking in America. Simon and Schuster. pp. 42–44. ISBN 9781422299531.
- ^ Stoner, Michael J. (2005). Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Abc-Clio. p. 969. ISBN 9781851094318.
- ^ Kollatz, Harry (1 July 2004). "You Say You Want a Revolution?". Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ Frey, Sylvia R. (1983). "Between Slavery and Freedom: Virginia Blacks in the American Revolution". The Journal of Southern History. 49 (3): 375–398. doi:10.2307/2208101. JSTOR 2208101.
- ^ "Elkhill". Monticello. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ Burns, Eric (2006). The Smoke of the Gods: A Social History of Tobacco. Temple University Press. p. 95. ISBN 1592134823.