The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
19th century
edit- 1890s - Goma occupied by agents of the Congo Free State as a trading post to control traffic on Lake Kivu; previously a way point for lake traffic and a crossroads for the overland trade routes between Central Africa and the Indian Ocean.
20th century
edit- 1910 - Goma confirmed as a Belgian possession in the Convention on the Lakes signed in Brussels on 14 May 1910 by plenipotentiaries of Belgium, Germany, and Great Britain.[1]
- 1925 - Albert National Park established near Goma.
- 1959 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Goma founded.[2]
- 1962 - Benezeth Moley becomes governor.(fr)
- 1984 - Population: 77,908.[3]
- 1988 - Goma becomes part of newly formed North Kivu province.[citation needed]
- 1993 - University of Goma established.
- 1994
- Population: 161,956.[4]
- July: 850,000 Rwandan war refugees flee to Goma.[4][5]
- 1996 - 2 November: Goma taken by Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo.[5]
- 1998 - 2 August: City taken by forces of Rally for Congolese Democracy–Goma.[4]
- 2000
- Yole!Africa cultural centre established.[6][1]
- Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka becomes governor of North Kivu province.(fr)
21st century
edit- 2002 - January: Mount Nyiragongo erupts, destroys nearly half of city structures.[7]
- 2004 - Population: 249,862 (estimate).[3]
- 2006
- Institut supérieur de statistique et de nouvelles technologies de Goma (school) founded.
- Salaam Kivu International Film Festival begins.[6][2]
- 2007
- "New military operations centre for the FARDC" established.[8]
- Julien Paluku Kahongya becomes governor of North Kivu province.
- 2008
- January: International peace conference held in Goma.[9]
- 15 April: Airplane crash occurs.
- October: "Chaos grips...Goma as rebel forces advance."[7]
- 2009
- August: US secretary of state visits Goma.[7]
- Roger Rachid Tumbala becomes mayor (approximate date).[3][chronology citation needed]
- 2011 - Jean Busanga Malihaseme appointed mayor.[10]
- 2012
- July: Battle of Goma (2012) begins.
- 20 November: M23 forces take Goma.[7]
- 12 December: Prison break.[4]
- Kubuya Ndoole Naso becomes mayor.[11]
- 2013
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- February: The first annual Amani Festival for peace takes place.
- 4 March: Airplane crash occurs.
- August: Heavy fighting occurs outside Goma during the M23 rebellion.
- 2015
- January: 2015 Congolese protests.
- June: Airport taken by "Mai-Mai fighters."[12]
- Dieudonné Malere becomes mayor.[13]
- Population: 368,165 (estimate).[4]
- 2016 - November: United Nations forces attacked by bomb.[14]
- 2022 - Festival Amani returns after a year's absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[15]
See also
edit- Goma history
- List of mayors of Goma
- Timelines of other cities in DR Congo: Bukavu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Lubumbashi
References
edit- ^ Bulletin de la Société de géographie et d'études coloniales de Marseille, 1910, p. 138
- ^ "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Chronology of Catholic Dioceses. Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ a b "Kongo (Dem. Rep.): Städte". Citypopulation.de (in German). Oldenburg, Germany: Thomas Brinkhoff. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Emizet Francois Kisangani (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442273160.
- ^ a b "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 100–113. ISBN 0203409957.
- ^ a b Gesthuizen 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Democratic Republic of Congo Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ Denis M. Tull (2008). "Democratic Republic of the Congo". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2007. Vol. 4. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 239–254. ISBN 978-9004168053. ISSN 1871-2525.
- ^ "RD Congo: Chronologie". Jeuneafrique.com (in French). Paris. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ "Adolphe Lumanu Nomme Un Nouveau Maire À La Tête La Ville De Goma Au Nord-Kivu", Lecongolais.cd (in French), 30 September 2011
- ^ "RDC : le maire de Goma accuse le M23 de causer l'insécurité dans la périphérie de sa ville", Radiookapi.net (in French), DR Congo, 27 January 2013
- ^ Gunmen attack airport in eastern Congo, seven dead, Reuters, 2 June 2015
- ^ "Dieudonné Malere nommé maire de Goma", Radiookapi.net (in French), 30 August 2015
- ^ Bomb attack kills child, wounds 32 Indian peacekeepers in east Congo: U.N., Reuters, 8 November 2016
- ^ "Le Festival Amani à Goma - Du 4 au 6 février 2022". amanifestival.com. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
Bibliography
edit- Didier Bompangue; et al. (2009). "Cholera Epidemics, War and Disasters around Goma and Lake Kivu: An Eight-Year Survey". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (5): e436. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000436. PMC 2677153. PMID 19436726.
- Koen Vlassenroot; Karen Büscher (2009), City as frontier: urban development and identity processes in Goma, Crisis States Research Centre working papers, Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, ISSN 1749-1800
- Karen Büscher (2011). Conflict, state failure and urban transformation in the Eastern Congolese periphery: the case of Goma (PhD). Belgium: Ghent University. hdl:1854/LU-2092391.
- Thomas Gesthuizen (13 March 2013), "Congo's hidden cultural hub", The Guardian, UK
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goma.
- "(Goma)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 15 January 2019. (Bibliography)
- "(Goma)". Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium: Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography)
- Items related to Goma, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Goma, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
Images
edit-
Map of Goma, 1982 -
Refugee camp near Goma, 1994 -
M-23 crisis in Goma, 2012 -
MONUSCO training, 2013 -
Boulevard Kanyamahanga traffic circle, Goma, 2013 -
View of Goma, 2015 -
View of Goma, 2015
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