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The 90's was an American independent documentary series created by Tom Weinberg and Joel Cohen that ran for four years on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). It premiered on June 25, 1989. The show generated an audience of 25 million and PBS aired it on 160 stations at its national, prime-time peak. Throughout its run, it received praise from outlets across the nation and Billboard described it as "All the things Television was born to do but never does."[1] The show included politics, talk segments, and interviews. Each hour-long episode featured the work of dozens of different independent video producers who mailed tapes for submission, as well as the work of about a dozen "camcorder correspondents" working under contract for the show.[2] It came to an end in 1992.
| The 90's | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Directed by | Miscellaneous |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 4 |
| No. of episodes | 52 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Tom Weinberg |
| Producer | Joel Cohen |
| Production locations | Chicago, IL |
| Running time | 1 hour |
| Production company | Fund for Innovative TV |
| Original release | |
| Release | 25 June 1989 – October 1992 |
| Related | |
| Image Union | |
Background
editThe 90's can be seen as a continuation of the 1978 series Image Union, also produced by Tom Weinberg and aired on WTTW.[2] With new technology opening up video for the masses, Weinberg and the broadcasting channel felt it was necessary to broadcast independent producers and their unfiltered views, or "real perspectives on real life."[3] Similar to Image Union, The 90's was made up of these compiled clips and submissions, and had no host or narrators, only transitioning between clips with title cards or the occasional voice over by Weinberg.[1] The largest difference between the shows was that Image Union was local, while The 90's had a more national focus and broadcast.[2] In addition, it had video correspondents (6 or 7) in charge of creating and soliciting video content.[2]
Although the earlier episodes were made of videos from people Weinberg and Cohen knew, as the series aired, they received more national and global submissions. To foster this environment, Weinberg and Cohen emphasized for their producers to not get in the way of the content, in order to truly let audiences make their own judgements.[3] For contributors, the incentive besides exposure was a payment of $125 per minute aired.[4]
The series was funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, PBS Program Fund, Rockefeller Foundation and Instructional Telecommunications Fund (which later became "Free Speech TV" and Voqal TV).
Edited episode
editIn 1992, there was controversy when an episode of The 90's was edited for content by WTTW. KBDI had access to both unedited and edited version, and opted to broadcast the original. KDBI general manager Ted Krichels said of the show: "It is outrageous and off-the-wall some of the time, and if anybody expects it to be some sort of safe show they've got the wrong program. I think what's happening generally is a lot of people are just politically paranoid, and PBS gets funding from government agencies, and it's all political."[5] Chicago Reader wrote that if Tom Weinberg had refused these changes, "WTTW would have disowned the show and very few PBS stations would ever have carried it."[5]
Specifically, Chicago video producer Bob Hercules had directed Stoney Burke, a San Francisco-based political satirist, to do street interviews at the 1992 Republican Convention. While some of Burke's interviews made the final cut, WTTW had removed his interactions with figures like housing secretary Jack Kemp, Senator Alfonse D'Amato, and Oliver North. This was publicized by text in Chicago Reader instead, which showed how Burke was pushing Kemp on vacant public housing and homelessness in Detroit, inflaming D'Amato about his "high-priced" politician status, and challenging North about his role in the CIA's involvement in Nicaragua.[5]
In the Chicago Reader, Bob Hercules was quoted as stating that he considered the matter censorship by WTTW. Hercules suggested that it occurred because of backlash to Channel 11 by the religious right and figures including Jesse Helms and Bob Dole.[5]
WTTW's Bruce Marcus, senior vice president for marketing and communications, justified the changes on the principle of "balance", stating that Hercules' coverage was biased in comparison to what was done by the show for the 1992 Democratic Convention. In comparison, fellow The 90's video producer Scott Jacobs opted for a fly-on-the-wall method to document the activities of John Hart, a leader of the Bill Clinton campaign.[5]
Reception
editThe first season of The 90's aired in 1989 on two PBS affiliates, KBDI-TV in Denver, Colorado and WTTW in Chicago, Illinois. A year after its first broadcast, in July 1990, The 90's had won a $350,000 grant, designated for prime-time broadcasting. In 1990, the show had already entered its second season and was now being broadcast at 90 stations, "including nine of the top ten markets among PBS affiliates."[3]
In 1991, The 90's joined PBS's national prime-time lineup and it aired its third season every Tuesday on its peak of 160 stations.[6] In September 1991, it also became available on video/VHS tape.[7] The third and fourth season were funded by the $350,000 grant.[4]
For the nine-episode fourth season in 1992, Tom Weinberg had hopes of expanding it into "as many as 11 episodes with a cost of $1.1 million", Current Public Telecommunications Review wrote. The 90's was widely praised at this point. It was reviewed positively by publications like the Los Angeles Times, Daily Herald, Billboard, Camcorder Magazine, Chicago Tribune, The Arizona Republic, The Washington Post, NPR, The Village Voice, North Carolina Airwaves, Minneapolis Star Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, LA Daily News, The Denver Post, Milwaukee Sentinel, New York Times.[4]
Chicago Reader was skeptical about the show's potential for success and wrote in 1992, "it's hard to imagine—a commercial network being built around [this] program."[3] One reason given was the show's topics, such as an episode about marijuana and its legalization.[3] The Chicago Sun-Times wrote that another episode stood out for its "obvious anti-war slant" and "disturbing... collage of comments and images" in addition to its Memorial Day airdate across 257 PBS stations.[8]
Cancellation
editThe show ended after 51 episodes, in 1992, when PBS chose not to renew funding. Tom Weinberg and Joel Cohen stated in an interview that the cancellation was likely caused by PBS being afraid of losing funding from CPB as a result of the show, as CPB was funded by Congress and had its Republican members targeted in the Convention episode.[9]
Episodes
editThe show's episodes were preserved by Media Burn Archive. The preservation and digitization of the collection was made possible from a $79,000 grant from the “Save America’s Treasures” program of the National Endowment for the Humanities in 2011.[10] Despite that the original content has been created using consumer-grade camcorders that operated in interlaced video format, Media Burn Archive presents the videos in progressive scan form, mostly in 30p and occasionally in 24p.
Season 1 (1989)
editThe pilot of the show was aired in June and aired every Sunday. It was picked up by three stations, KDBI-TV in Colorado, WTTW in Illinois, and a West Virginian station. The MacArthur Foundation funded the first season's 13 episodes.[3]
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Original air date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | "The 90's: Pilot" | June 25, 1989[11] |
| 2 | 2 | "Episode 101" | July 2, 1989 |
| 3 | 3 | "Episode 102" | July 9, 1989 |
| 4 | 4 | "Episode 103" | July 16, 1989 |
| 5 | 5 | "Episode 104" | July 23, 1989 |
| 6 | 6 | "Episode 105" | July 30, 1989 |
| 7 | 7 | "Episode 106" | August 6, 1989 |
| 8 | 8 | "Episode 107" | August 13, 1989 |
| 9 | 9 | "Episode 108" | August 20, 1989 |
| 10 | 10 | "Episode 109" | August 27, 1989 |
| 11 | 11 | "Episode 110" | September 3, 1989 |
| 12 | 12 | "Episode 111" | September 10, 1989 |
| 13 | 13 | "Episode 112" | September 17, 1989 |
| 14 | 14 | "Episode 113" | September 24, 1989 |
Season 2 (1990)
editSeason 2 was on 90 stations and aired between 10 PM to 12 AM on Saturdays.
Season 3 (1991)
editSeason 3 aired every Tuesday.
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Original air date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | 1 | "Episode 301: Money, Money, Money" | April 9, 1991 |
| 35 | 2 | "Episode 302: It's Only TV" | April 16, 1991[13] |
| 36 | 3 | "Episode 303: Bartalk" | April 23, 1991 |
| 37 | 4 | "Episode 304: You Are What You Eat" | April 30, 1991 |
| 38 | 5 | "Episode 305: America: Life, Liberty, And…" | May 7, 1991 |
| 39 | 6 | "Episode 306: Race And Racism – Red, White, And Black" | May 14, 1991 |
| 40 | 7 | "Episode 307: Video Kids" | May 21, 1991 |
| 41 | 8 | "Episode 308: The Anti-War Tapes" | May 28, 1991 |
| 42 | 9 | "Episode 309: The Streets: Music And People" | June 4, 1991 |
| 43 | 10 | "Episode 310: Prisoners: Rights and Wrongs" | June 11, 1991 |
Season 4 (1991-92)
editSeason 4 aired every Friday.[5]
| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Original air date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 44 | 1 | "Episode 401: Taking Chance" | January 24, 1991 [5] |
| 45 | 2 | "Episode 402: Getting Older" | January 31, 1991 [5] |
| 46 | 3 | "Episode 403: Guns and Violence" | TBA |
| 47 | 4 | "Episode 404: Country Living" | TBA |
| 48 | 5 | "Episode 405: It's A Mall, Mall World" | TBA |
| 49 | 6 | "Episode 406: The American Way" | TBA |
| 50 | 7 | "Election Special: The Primary" | April 1, 1992[14] |
| 51 | 8 | "Election Special: The Convention" | TBA |
| 52 | 8 | "Election Special: It's Debate-able" | TBA |
25th Anniversary Special
editIn 2015, Media Burn Archive produced a series of videos to celebrate The 90's 25th anniversary, which were presented on Media Burn's website and YouTube channel. The categories were Global 90's, 90's Characters, 90's People, First Reality TV, Election Specials, and The Media.[1]
See also
edit- Image Union (1978-1991)
- Vanguard (2008-2013)
- Fault Lines (2009-2018)
References
edit- ^ a b c The 90's 25th Anniversary, retrieved 2021-06-17
- ^ a b c d Chapman, Sara (2012). "Guerrilla Television in the Digital Archive". Journal of Film and Video. 64 (1–2): 42–50. doi:10.5406/jfilmvideo.64.1-2.0042. ISSN 0742-4671. JSTOR 10.5406/jfilmvideo.64.1-2.0042. S2CID 153500894.
- ^ a b c d e f Jannot, Mark (27 September 1990). "Has Tom Weinberg Seen the Future of Television?". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
- ^ a b c "Viewer Mail and Faxes (1989-1992)" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d e f g h Miner, Michael (October 1992). "Careful, It's the 90s/Artistic License". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
- ^ Dudek, Duane (April 9, 1991). "'The 90's' is ahead of its time". Milwaukee Sentinel.
- ^ Voedisch, Lynn (September 8, 1991). "It's Time For The 90's". Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^ Grahnke, Lon (May 28, 1991). "Powerful 'War' attacks Bush and Desert Storm" (PDF). Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^ "Interview with Tom and Joel". Media Burn Archive. 2021.
- ^ "Media Burn honored by Save America's Treasures program". 7 February 2011.
- ^ Feder, Robert. "Local video pioneer to enter new TV era". Chicago Sun-Times (NewsBank). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ Wyman, Bill. "Television on the edge: Something odd and wildly engaging is coming Saturday night". Chicago Tribune (ProQuest Historical Newspapers). ProQuest 1444396297. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ Holbert, Ginny. "Video pioneer markets 'ideas' with 'The 90's'". Chicago Sun-Times (NewsBank). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ Holbert, Ginny. "'Election' shows true grit of '92 campaign". Chicago Sun-Times (NewsBank). Retrieved 17 June 2021.