Tarnovsky or Tarnovski (feminine: Tarnovskaya) Russian: Тарновский, Тарновская (occasionally also transliterated in other languages as Tarnowsky or Tarnovschi) is a Russified form of the Polish noble family name Tarnowski and usually belongs to people of Polish or Ukrainian ancestry. It ultimately derives from the name of the city of Tarnów.

Tarnovski (Bulgarian: Търновски) is also a Bulgarian appellation and family name derived from the city of Tarnovo.

The surname may refer to the following notable people: