Talk:Mario Andretti/Archive 1

Latest comment: 16 years ago by Chr.K. in topic GA on hold

Opening paragraph

The material claims that his name "is synonymous with speed." Although this may be accurate with many if not all auto racing fans, I have met some people who have never heard of him (shocker though that may be to open-wheel auto racing fans)...and as such, it is a pro-subject perspective. --Chr.K. 12:25, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Mario Andretti: a few thoughts

I am not really sure if it is correct to say that Mario Andretti won four Champ Car titles. I think it would be more accurate to say that he won four titles in USAC and CART combined. He raced in the 60s and 70s and Champ Car was born only in 2004.

"In 2000, the Associated Press and RACER magazine named him 'Driver of the Century.'" This claim is quite an exaggeration. Mario Andretti is a legend, but he isn't the number one on the planet. Those Associated Press and RACER magazine folks have never seen Senna, Prost, or Schumacher in action! -- ICE77 84.222.103.55 21:17, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your comments. The "Driver of the Century" is actually for the United States only, and it has been reworded and cited. The term "Champ Car" is being used in the general sense in this context to describe "Championship Cars" - the family of cars originating from the AAA and the Indy 500, continued by USAC and CART, then split into IRL and "Champ Car World Series". Royalbroil 16:26, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

High school

I am trying to update high school affiliations for Lehigh Valley people. Does anyone know where he went to high school? PAWiki 18:52, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Quite possibly in Italy, judging by the biographical details at the start of the article proper, which indicate (but don't confirm) that he may not have arrived in the States until he was 18 or 19. 4u1e
He was 15 when he moved to the US, so he likely went to high school in the Lehigh Valley. I am expanding and sourcing the article to prepare it for a Good Article run. I haven't found anything yet, but I'll keep my eyes open for it. Royalbroil T : C 18:16, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Who?

The article says, "and claimed his fourth CART title. It was Newman's first series title." Now, I'm guessing the writer meant Newman-Haas Racing, but it'd be nice if it was clear.... Also, how old was Mario when he did it? (He's oldest driver to take a CART win, BTW.) Trekphiler 04:52, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Assessment against GA criteria

I thought it might be helpful to do a dummy assessment against the GA criteria, in response to the request for an assessment on progress posted at the WP:MOTOR talk page. So here goes, this may take a little while :) 4u1e 7 March 2007, 13:02

6. Images PASS - Not essential to have anyway - we have a couple here illustrating the subject and both are licensed appropriately.

5. Stability PASS - no major changes in last week or so, and no apparent arguments.

4. NPOV FAIL on minor concerns - 'banner year', 'gruelling' Daytona (unless it was more than usually so), 'impressive pole position', 'Andretti's futility at Indy is legendary' (harsh wording, I wouldn't say he was futile!), 'horrifying accident' are not neutral terms. Actual structure and content seem neutral.

3. Broad coverage FAIL - Not because of a lack of breadth, the article covers all of his racing activities, although to varying degrees of detail. Only area not covered I could think of was one particular element of his personal life: who did he marry? Not directly relevant and some think we shouldn't include that kind of thing anyway.

The failure comes from 3b - staying focussed on the topic without going into non-notable detail. There is a largish list of trivia - most of which is non-notable. Much of it can be deleted - the remainder could be re-written as a short para to support the point that Andretti has (in a fairly minor way) entered American culture as a synonym for speed. This would go with the Barney Oldfield point.

2. Factual and Verifiable FAIL. All looks factually accurate to me, but not (easily) verifiable in its current form. I think this is mainly to do with the placement and selection of references. The inline citations don't always appear to cover all of the text, and sometimes don't relate to the point being referenced. What I normally do is to try and find one reference that covers the whole of each paragraph and link that ref at the end of the paragraph. If a further reference is required to cover a point within that paragraph I would place the ref where that point arises. The actual references used are OK (although I'd avoid IMDb as a source - it's a bit like using Wikipedia as a reference.). Try www.grandprix.com and www.formula1.com for info on Andretti's F1 career. Ideally I'd like to see more hardcopy references, but we can't always have what we want....

1. Well written The most difficult one to assess, so I'll come back to it. Cheers. 4u1e 7 March 2007, 13:38

Thank you for your review so far. As a member of WikiProject IROC, I need to add some of his IROC finishes, at least his 2nd in 1976 & 1978 and 1st in 1979. [1] It would interrupt the flow if I added in the middle of the Formula One section. Creating its own section would disrupt the chronological order. Any ideas on how to proceed? Royalbroil T : C 03:54, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
Like I say, I hope it's helpful (looking back at it I'm now worrying I sound a bit harsh - apologies if so!). I can work on the F1 section, if you like, I have a few hardcopy refs I can use for that bit.
Regarding structure, with a career this complicated, I'd be inclined to do separate sections on each racing category and put them in roughly chronological order. That's probably the least confusing, given that there are significant overlaps between all of Mario's 'careers'. Would this order work:
  • Stock cars (inc IROC?)(59 - IROC in 1980s?)
  • Indycars (64 - 94)
  • Sports cars (6? - 9?)
  • Formula One (68 - 82)
I already knew this of course, but that's an incredible record, three decades in all categories! Where would dirt track racing go? F5000? I assume he competed in Can-Am as well? Maybe an 'Other categories' section as well? 4u1e 08:59, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
I didn't take your comments at all harsh. I had asked for a critique, and I expected it to be critical. I found your comments to be quite helpful, and I have started on your suggestions. This is the first article that I'm attempting to get up to Good Article status. I may push for Featured Article. I appreciate your help in this process, and feel free to tell me whatever you need to help with the process. I like your idea of organizing by racing category in roughly chronological order. I'll think more on that topic. Do you think that he have enough sports car racing to warrant its own section? I am not very familiar with Formula 1, so I would appreciate help completing and sourcing that part. I am very familiar with nearly all the other racing series. Royalbroil T : C 14:06, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
I don't know that much about Mario in sports cars, the thing that seemed most notable to me is his continued attempts to win at Le Mans, until really quite recently, which seemed an appropriate way of rounding up his career. I also noted 3 wins at Sebring, so he must have competed a fair bit (or had a phenomenal strike rate!) 4u1e 23:36, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
I've added a wee bit on Le Mans. Probably a bit long now I look at it - lose the second quote? 4u1e 17:48, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
I removed the second quote as it was somewhat off topic and speculative. The Triple Crown article is about winning Monaco, not the F1 title. I have heard several other combination of wins to produce the "triple crown", so I wonder about the accuracy of that article. A quick google search didn't support my combinations. I assume that this article from his official website cannot be used as a source since I intend to seek GA/FA. I really appreciate all your help in this process! Royalbroil T : C 18:11, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
Regarding using the Andretti's official site as a source. Probably depends what for. Should be OK for factual stuff, number of wins etc., but those can probably be sourced as easily elsewhere. Definitely OK if what you are talking about is Andretti's own views, I would say (i.e. Andretti believes that....). Not OK for views on Andretti's notability etc. Well, that's what I think, anyway! 4u1e 08:00, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
I think that was probably the right decision. Although the Triple Crown has been defined both ways, I think the ambiguity comes from the fact that only one man has done it, and he had won both the Monaco GP and the F1 title. Perhaps I should edit that into the Triple Crown article too. 4u1e 18:21, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
Please feel free to tinker with any words I add, by the way. I'm an 'eventualist' editor, and tend to write long (or bad!) and then work away at what I've written to make it shorter (or better). If you feel stuff needs editing for length, or needs moving around, go for it. 4u1e 18:29, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
I have usually seen the term winning the triple crown used for things that don't involve F1. There is a triple crown for winning all three USAC divisions. There is a triple crown for winning all 3 major NASCAR series. Other times it referred to winning three of the following: Daytona 500, Indianpolis 500, LeMans, 24 Hours of Daytona, other major races in different genres, etc. You're far too hard on your writing! Royalbroil T : C 19:25, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Questor GP

I've deleted the material on the Questor GP from the article. An account of the race can be found here [2]. Mistakes included the claim that Phil Hill (retired 1967) and Jochen Rindt (died 1970) competed in this 1971 race, and that Andretti won from the back (he did win, but qualified 12th of 30). The race also isn't all that notable, Andretti had already beaten Jackie Stewart, and many of the other drivers involved, at the 1971 South African Grand Prix to take his first F1 win. 4u1e 18:18, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

I am unfamiliar with the race or too much with Formula One in general, so I'll stick with your better judgement. Royalbroil T : C 19:25, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
I've put a brief mention back in, the details were all wrong, but it's his only other F1 victory until the '76 season. Cheers. 4u1e 07:56, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Formula Junior

I added that he raced in Formula Junior in Italy before he moved to the U.S. (with citation). The time was before the series existed according to the Formula Junior article. Any thoughts? Royalbroil T : C 16:02, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

1958 looks pretty solid for the start of Formula Junior. I would guess that the Texaco website is wrong - more likely a 500cc Formula 3 in 1953? Any other references to it? 4u1e 17:42, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
I found several references, here's a few: [3] [4] [5] (taken from a print reference). It looks like from this reference that it was "a new youth racing league in Italy". Probably a coincidence in named, or a precursor to the better-known later series. Royalbroil T : C 19:41, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
This is the only indication I have of a Formula Junior existing before 1958, but it says nothing more about what it was. <Shrug> 4u1e 20:07, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
I worded it so it shouldn't matter, and placed a comment in the text that it shouldn't link to the Formula Junior article. Royalbroil 04:27, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Structure

We discussed messing about with the structure of the article above. I'e done a dummy version of what that might look like at user:4u1e/sandbox3. What do you think? I'm still not sure what to do with some of the elements, although F5000/USAC/CART could be combined into 'North American single seater racing'.4u1e 17:42, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

I like the chronological order much better. The topical version doesn't make sense to me. The time discontinuity confuses me. Also, I have never heard a CART/USAC car called a 'single seater' except here in Wikipedia. Maybe it's a European term. I would agree with the term 'open wheel' and then lump in his sprint car racing if I wasn't against topical order. Royalbroil 03:23, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair enough, we'll scratch that idea.:-) You're right of course, single seater is a European-ism. 4u1e 04:23, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Good Article

4u1e: Do you think this article is ready for an attempt at Good Article? If not, please point out specific things that I can work on. Royalbroil 17:34, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Oops - sorry, been occupied elsewhere, and I've never gotten into the habit of using my watchlist. Give us a little while to read through again. 4u1e 9 May 2007, 14:33
OK, one minor niggle: Shouldn't nationality just be American? He's always competed for the States, and I guess US passports don't differentiate between naturalised and 'native' American (yeah, I know...). Or does he hold dual nationality? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.109.66.150 (talk) 15:03, 9 May 2007 (UTC).
Oops, that was me. 4u1e 17:55, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
I have not seen any evidence of dual citizenship/dual nationality. I consider him an American in all ways, although Italians likely consider him to be a native Italian. I would consider an "Italian American" to be either a native Italian who became naturalized as an American (like Andretti), or someone born in the United States who has Italian ancestry. The later is less pure, especially if only from one parent or if several generations have passed. I have 15/16 German ancestry, and I do not consider myself German American (since my ancestors immigrated well over 100 years ago). So my short answer is that I consider Andretti to be both American AND Italian American. I like how the article addresses this topic. We could address this topic with the GA reviewer if you want. Royalbroil 18:29, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
Sorry, should have been clearer - I agree with the wording used in the lead, it was the infobox I was thinking of: For Formula One articles we have an agreement that the flag and nationality in the infobox should be the one under which the driver competed. This is then easily referenceable and unarguable. Nationality, or even worse, ethnic identity, can get to be a vexed issue otherwise (see talk:Eddie Irvine!) - I'm sure someone will want to claim Andretti as Croatian as some point! This is a minor point, anyway, it's just that I haven't had time to read through again properly and that caught my eye. Will look at it soon. 4u1e 08:00, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

More quick comments - Lead looks a little short, although possibly that's just because it's three paras, could they be merged? Some sections have some very short paras, including some one sentence ones - can they be merged into meatier paragraphs (particularly the latter indycar & Indy 500 ones). I'm still not happy with the structure - in particular I think the section 'Racing in several series' may confuse readers. Perhaps we should get views from other editors to help us on that one? 4u1e 08:10, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Good criticism that the introduction is good short. I also agree that we should get some other racing people review this article especially for the structore of that problematic section 'Racing in several series'. I'll ask User:Barno and User:Recury who both are U.S. wikipedians with broad racing knowledge. Royalbroil 12:44, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
I'll look at it in more detail tonight and provide some comments and copyedits. Maybe I can dig for some documentation of his dirt racing. Barno 14:06, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
Great. Please look for more to expand on his CART career after F1 too. I expected to find more than I did. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Royalbroil (talkcontribs) 14:49, 10 May 2007 (UTC).
  • Several comments so far: (1) I added a list of several more books (next section). There are also some where Mario is one of several racers or several athletes featured in their own chapters, but those are less important. Found some through Google Books, some through a regular Google search, and others like Biblio and Alibris could be used in more detail than I've tried so far. (2) The first two paragraphs of the "Racing career" section should be made into subsections, with titles such as "Childhood involvement with motorsports" and "Sportsman and Modified racing". (3) The "Legacy" subsection should be raised to a section (since it's not about his Racing Career), and possibly renamed. (Maybe split between "Awards and Honors" and "Influence on racetracks and sanctioning" if more examples of the latter are found.) (4) In the "Return to IndyCar racing" subsection, it should be added (and sourced) that he is the all-time leader in Indycar wins with 36. Perhaps also that he's among the all-time leaders in Indycar poles with 30. (5) In that section, the sentence ending "in the 1982." should have "season" added. (6) The "Head of racing family" section should probably be renamed to "Descendants in auto racing", although Jeff Andretti isn't a descendant. (7) That section should probably include Marco Andretti's first Indycar win, the August 2006 Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma. (8) That section should also include, for John Andretti, not just "NASCAR" but Winston/Cup/Nextel Cup (mentioning the 37 team and the Petty Enterprises 43) and Busch Series. (9) The "Current Life" section might perhaps be renamed, or at least have the last word not capitalized. (10) The "Movies appearances" section should have the first "s" removed. (11) A "NASCAR Grand National career" section should be written, with more detail on his Daytona victory, and with a few stats citing this source: Mario Andretti page of Racing-Reference website [6]. Barno 01:05, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
  • More comments: (12) I agree that the "Racing in several series" subsection isn't clear in terms of organization. Rather than try to split the "Racing career" section chronologically, it would be better to split that nine-year content among the series in which he raced. Perhaps the section could lead with a brief chronological description of what type(s) of racing he did in each period. (E.g. "In these two years he ran the full USAC Championship Car schedule and drove prototypes in the Le Mans, Daytona, and Sebring endurance races.") (13) In the same subsection, it mentions "USAC's dirt track division in 1974"; please check the formal name, which I think was USAC Dirt Championship Car, unless it had already been given the "Silver Crown" name by then. (I think the USAC page oversimplifies by using the Silver Crown name for that series from its 1971 split from the main USAC Championship Car Series, and I know it errs in not using the "Silver Bullet" name for a few recent years.) (14) At the start of the "Racing career" section, it mentions the book What's It Like Out There without describing it as his autobiography. Changing "the" to "his" would be a brief way to fix this. (15) We need to find some sources for his USAC Midget and Sprint racing, and whatever he did in drag racing, and add subsections describing these. Barno 01:27, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
I have implemented suggestions 1 to 5. On #6, I agree that the section should be renamed, but I don't like your suggested name for it. Might the wording "Patriarch of racing family" work for his sons, nephew and grandson? I think that you mean John isn't his descendant, not Jeff. I dislike suggestions #7 & #8 because I think that they are going off topic: this is an article about Mario. I could support an increase to a short phrase about each or at most a sentence. Please give your idea a try and we can discuss. More comments to follow. Royalbroil 02:05, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
My comments, fwiw: 6) Why not call it 'Racing family'? 7) & 8) - OK, but briefly. 9) I think you've renamed this to 'Later life' (per Damon Hill and Alain Prost). 10) True. 11) Seems fair - but by someone who knows about it (i.e. not me!) 12) Matches what I've previously suggested, but I know Royal's not taken with the idea! 13), 14) & 15) - all sound fair. 4u1e 10:03, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
For points 7 and 8, I now agree that those bits should not give much detail, since we have articles on Michael, John, Jeff, and Marco. (I was thinking about Dutch Hoag where there's enough magazine and trade-paper material for a paragraph each on his son and grandson, but not enough notability for a standalone article.) I suggest a sentence each for Jeff and Marco, two sentences for Michael (one as driver, one as team owner), and two sentences for John (one for Indycars and previous open-wheel series, one for NASCAR Truck/Cup/Busch). I'll try to find material to write the Mario-in-NASCAR, sportsman/modified, and sprint/midget sections. Maybe I'll hit a library this weekend (but it'll be sunny here in NYS so I'll be outside hiking) and try to find some of the added books. Barno 13:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
One more comment for the "racing family" section, whatever it gets titled: There were some 24 Hours of Daytona year(s) (and maybe a Le Mans 24-hour) when several of the Andrettis shared a car, and it was widely noted in press coverage. If we can find references to this, it should be mentioned. Barno 13:46, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
Reply to Barno's last 2 comments: I'm fine with the short details about the family as you suggested. I bet there is enough about the Andretti family racing together to make its own section! Go for it! A moderate expansion about Andretti's sprint car/sportsman/modified days sounds good. Go hiking if the weather is so good - the 'pedia will still be here on Monday! Royalbroil 18:29, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
Hope the weather's better there than it is over here - I'll be hiking for about four hours in the pouring rain tomorrow. :( (Yeah, I know, WP's not a forum....) 4u1e 10:00, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Re: Barno's comment on record wins - presumably this is the CART total? I've seen a figure of 52 somewhere (Autocourse?) for total wins, but I guess that's USAC and CART combined? 4u1e 11:17, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Continuation of 15 points: completed points 9, 10, and 14. #11:Do you really think that 14 races is enough to warrant a section? His victory at the Daytona 500 does increase the need for the section. #13: ESPN is the source on the USAC dirt racing, and it only says what is written. I cited the ESPN article if you would look at it further. I would love to link it to Silver Crown if that's what it really was. #15: The Motorsports Hall of Fame of America says that Andretti won a match drag race in a Mustang in 1968. Royalbroil 04:34, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Reorganization

I started a reorganization of this article in my sandbox here: User:Royalbroil/Sandbox. Please review the structure and comment. Feel free to edit it. I have removed the categories and links to other language Wikis. Thanks! Royalbroil 16:00, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
With apologies for the long delay! I like the revised version, Royal, but I'm still not entirely happy with the 'Racing in several series' bit. In all honesty, I'm quite confused about what Andretti was concentrating on in those years - he seems to have been competing in an alarming number of series! From what I've read, I make it the following:
1967 USAC Championship Car (Full season), Grand National (part season), Le Mans, sportscar world championship (part season)
1968 USAC Championship Car (Full season), F1 (part season), Grand National (part season), drag racing (see here. Was this a one-off?)
1969 USAC Championship Car (Full season - champion, includes win at Pikes Peak, which was part of the championship then), F1 (part season), Grand National (part season)
1970 USAC Championship Car (Full season), F1 (part season)
1971 USAC Championship Car (Full season), F1 (part season)
1972 USAC Championship Car (Full season), F1 (part season)
1973 USAC Championship Car (Full season), F5000 (Full season)
1974 USAC Championship Car (Full season), F5000 (Full season), USAC Dirt Track championship (Full season - champion), F1 (part season)
1975 F5000 (Full season), F1 (Full season)
Collating all that together has helped me understand the picture much better; in particular that the Pikes Peak is sort of a red herring - Andretti competed there three times (and won once) while it was a round of the USAC National Championship! (That may not be news to you, but it caused my jaw to drop. This site was very helpful - I hope it's accurate!
If I'm reading all this right then, we can generalise very broadly by saying that from 1965 to 1974 Andretti focused on the USAC National Championships, while competing occasionally in F1, USAC dirt track, Grand National and Sports cars. From 1975 to 1981 he focused on Formula One, while continuing to compete in USAC National Championship and dirt track races. He also did three full seasons of Formula 5000 from 1973 to 1975, which overlap the changeover. Phew! 4u1e 14:54, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
Going on from that, we can merge all of the content from the 'Racing in several series' section into either the Indycar or Formula One sections (assuming that the sportscar stuff goes into a separate 'Sports Car' heading, as proposed by Royalbroil in his sandbox. Pikes Peak and the dirt track championship can be referred to in the Indycar section (should this actually be USAC National Championships?). That leaves only the question of whether the F5000 stuff should be in its own section, or just mentioned in the USAC and/or F1 sections. Views? Since he transferred to F1 full time with his F5000 team, Vel's Parnelli, you could see that as a neat way of handling the transition. I may fiddle around with some of this stuff in the article. Cheers. 4u1e 15:00, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
Thanks for compiling the list of what he did each year. I didn't have my arms completely around it. I completely agree with your assessement about what he did each year, and the broad groupings that you propose. I do remember hearing somewhere that Pikes Peak used to be part of Champ Car series, but I didn't think about it in this article. I remember User:Barno saying that he thought that the USAC dirt track championship became what is now the USAC Silver Crown open wheel cars, so grouping it with the Champ Cars would be natural (Silver Crown had been the second tier in USAC below Champ cars for a long time). I agree that the Formula 5000 goes with his development towards F1, so it should be either the first section or paragraph in the F1 section. So my opinion is split the 'Racing in several series' on those lines. Would you please make the edits to the article? Royalbroil 16:57, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

(deindent) What do you think about using the Andretti Family website as a reference for some of the non-exceptional claims, such as the list of the bottom of this page listed the five one-hour television shows have aired about Mario’s life? Royalbroil 17:22, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

If it's just covering facts, I can't seen an issue with it (unless it's contradicted elsewhere!). Go for it. I've sort of implemented the changes I suggested, but I need to keep picking away at the wording, I doubt it's very clear at the moment to anyone who's not reasonably familiar with racing! So many series, and the subtleties of USAC/CART/Champ Car/Indycar etc probably need some explanation as we go along.... 4u1e 17:26, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
  • I'm happy with today's version; thanks to both of you. I'm away the next four days but I'll try to look at it in more detail, and will try to find more sourcing and details, especially for the early URC and ARDC stuff. I still don't have any of the books but I believe at least one has its text on ibiblio. Barno 18:08, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Books about Mario

In support of the above request, I've found a bunch of books not previously mentioned in the References or Further Reading sections. I think the three autobiographies should be mentioned in the inline text, in a new "Autobiographies" section. The rest should be added to the "Further reading" section until such time as any gets referenced. These listings aren't quite in citation format and have a mix of ISBN-10 and ISBN-13 book numbers. Autobio's:

  • What's It Like Out There, Mario Andretti and Bob Collins. Henry Regnery Company, 1970. ISBN 978-0809296729.
  • Mario Andretti: World Champion, Mario Andretti and Nigel Roebuck. Hamlyn, 1979. ISBN 978-0600394693.
  • Andretti, Mario Andretti. HarperCollins, 1994. ISBN 978-0006383024.

Bio's:

  • Sports Hero, Mario Andretti, Marshall Burchard. Putnam, 1977. ISBN 0-399-20588-8.
  • Mario Andretti: The Man Who Can Win Any Kind of Race, Lyle K. Engel. Arco Publishing, 1970. ISBN 978-0668021937.
  • Mario Andretti: World Driving Champion, Lyle K. Engel. Arco Publishing, 1979. ISBN 0668047542.
  • Mario Andretti, Mike O'Leary. MotorBooks, 2002. ISBN 0760313997.
  • Andretti, Bill Libby. Grossett & Dunlap, 1970. (ISBN not found.)

Barno 00:29, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

GN history

  • Besides the one win, there should be a sentence or two (in some part of what is currently the "Racing in several series" section) on the 14 races in 4 years Mario ran in GN from 1966 to '69. The stats are here: http://racing-reference.info/driver?id=andrema01 which is currently cited as ref 8. Were they all for Holman Moody? If we can document that, it's worth including. Barno 00:33, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
    • His first 4 were from different people, but the last 10 were for Holman-Moody according to Racing-reference. I would love to see a mockup of how to reorganize the article if someone wants to spend the time. Royalbroil 03:55, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

GA thoughts

  I was asked to give some thoughts about potential GA status on this article. In my opinion it is almost there, just a few quick points:

  • Might want to expand that intro a bit more, summarizing some additional points covered in the article itself.
  • Awesome job with the images, all of them are free use, I think though there is one image that is GFDL and could be transwikiied to the WikiCommons, which would be even nicer.
  • Lots of little paragraphs throughout the article - this is not a sticking point - but the article would look a lot nicer if some of the shorter paragraphs and subsections were either expanded, or instead merged together.
    • I think that's all I have for now, but message my talk if you have other questions. Yours, Smee 05:32, 8 June 2007 (UTC).
      • Oh, also, if you are unsure about GA, you could first try for a Wikipedia:Peer Review, and in your formulating question specifically ask about pointers for going towards GA. Smee 05:33, 8 June 2007 (UTC).
        • Thanks for your thoughts, Smee. I requested Smee's quick review. I'll transwiki the image. I haven't done a detailed thorough read through of the article since it was rearranged. Royalbroil 14:48, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Last American winner in F1

For this request.[7]

No American has won a Formula One race since Andretti in 1978.

To my regret, this sentence is correct at present (by 2007 Canadian Grand Prix). There are eight seven American-drivers who entered Formula One after the 1978 Dutch Grand Prix:

Cheever has finished several times on podium (2nd: two times, 3th: seven times, but did not win), and his son, Michael, finished only one time at the 1993 Italian Grand Prix. However others were not able to have finished a race on podium. Therefore, Mario is still the last American winner in Formula One...--Morio 04:04, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

I flagged it because we are going for Good Article status. I want it either cited or removed - I don't want it to hold up the article. I found a reliable reference. Royalbroil 05:18, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Indycar terminology

I'm trying to get the references to North American open wheel racing correct. Am I right in thinking that the premiere North American series was named as follows over the course of Andretti's career:

  • 1964 - 1980 USAC National Championship
  • 1979 - 1994 CART Indycar World Series (1979 was a joint championship)

I know the switchover between the two isn't as clean as that, USAC ran a rival championship, renamed the USAC Gold Crown championship, for a few years after CART started up. From 1985 this consisted solely of the Indy 500, which USAC organised until the mid 1990s. The Indy 500 continued to count as part of the CART championship, with the exception of 81 and 82 when CART and USAC were still rivals. This is all based on the source I used above to get a handle on what Mario was doing in the late 60s to early 70s, but it tallies fairly well with what is at American Championship Car Racing.

Having got that out of the way, I guess we should either

a) refer only to Indycar racing and not mention the distinction between the USAC and CART series. This has the advantage of being simpler for a reader new to the topic.
b) refer to USAC championship car racing for Mario's first full time stint in North American open wheel racing and refer to CART Indycars for the second stint. This has the advantage of allowing us to explain some of the discrepancies in numbers of race wins (depending on whether USAC and CART figures are treated together). It also gives us a way of explaining how different the series was in the 1960s and 1970s: dirt track racing never formed part of the CART series.

Advice requested from North American racing fans! 4u1e 23:27, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

I definitely like b) MUCH more. We could easily explain it by saying at his return that the series had changed to CART sanctioning while he was gone. I wasn't aware of the USAC Gold Crown - it was just barely before I watched IndyCar regularly on TV. The Gold Crown explains USAC's "Silver Crown" series! Royalbroil 03:53, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
Good, 'cos that's kind of what I've gone with so far! It does indeed explain the Silver Crown; It also probably means that Barno is right in thinking that the 1974 championship won by Andretti was the 'USAC Dirt Championship Car', rather than the 'Silver Crown', which presumably came in at the same time as the Golden Crown. That is an assumption, though, albeit a logical one!4u1e 07:00, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
I know it's not relevant to this article, but I remember watching a Silver Crown race and an announcer said that the Silver Crown cars have decended from the Indy 500 cars. Anyhow, I like how the article describes the transition. I still need to do a detailed re-read of the article. Royalbroil 12:55, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
I read the article and I am happy with it. I also expanded the article from a new source. There is a new article on the Andretti Curse that just survived AfD. It talks about the curse ending extending to LeMans. I will add some of it to expand the sports car section. Thanks for pointing out that I was doing referencing wrong - I looked it up. While I think the space is important for readability, I will live with consensus. Royalbroil 16:37, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
Personally I'd prefer refs before punctuation, but I've kind of got used to the 'official' version! 4u1e 17:16, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
Would you look at this [8] reference, because I don't have the background to understand several paragraphs. Starting with the paragraph that begins with "Mario wasn't ready to race" and ending with "Ferrari Championship of Makes". Thanks! Royalbroil 17:44, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

First para is referring to Mario's sporadic drives in F1 in 1969 for Colin Chapman's Lotus team (I guess you know them, they visited Indy with a couple of chaps called Jim Clark and Graham Hill in the mid-1960s! :D). F1 wasn't as regimented then as it is now, so Andretti was racing an occasional third car for Team Lotus. One of the races Andretti did (I assume these were decided by the gaps in the USAC schedule) was at the Nürburgring circuit (the 'Ring) in Germany (see 1969 German Grand Prix), and on this occasion he wasn't driving the same Lotus 49 as Hill and Jochen Rindt, but an experimental 4WD Lotus 63. After the introduction of a 3-litre formula in F1 in 1966 (up from 1.5 litres) constructors were trying to find ways of of dealing with all the extra power. One approach was to use four wheel drive (4WD): it turned out not to be a good solution. There was a close technical relationship between Lotus' F1 and Indycars at this period, and I guess from this para that the four wheel drive Lotus 63 (F1) and 64 (Indycar) were pretty much the same vehicle - evidently Andretti had already had a big accident in a very similar car! I shouldn't read too much into 'Andretti's poor performance' - that will have been down to the car. 4WD means a big, heavy car. Although a lot of teams experimented with them in the late 1960s, only one driver (Johnny Servoz-Gavin) has ever scored a point in a 4WD F1 car, and that one was effectively set up as for rear wheel drive anyway.

The second para tells us that Granatelli (Andy?) - he's from your side of the pond, anyway - sponsored further F1 races for Andretti in 1970, this time for the March Engineering works team. Again, his involvement was sporadic. The 512S is the Ferrari 512S sportscar. Mario drove for Ferrari in F1 in 1971 - possibly leading on from his association with them in sportscar racing, but not necessarily: lots of F1 drivers drove for Ferrari in sports cars, and not just those from their F1 team. I think Mario's first connection with Ferrari was via the North American Racing Team (NART). The World Championship for Makes was the contemporary title for the World Sportscar Championship, the title went only to the constructor, not the team or the driver. The article is possibly overstating his role a bit, obviously many other drivers were involved, several for each car and Ferrari would have had several cars at each event. The BOAC 1000 km was held at Brands Hatch in the UK.

Is that the kind of thing you need, or have I made it more confusing? ;-) 4u1e 18:41, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Sorry that I put you through all that analysis. I was just wondering if any of that information would be useful to include or source Mario's article. I figured it was F1 related, and I know little about F1. Royalbroil 01:44, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
I just caught your edit to the F1 section. When I read the phrase "auto racing's world-wide governing body" I take it to mean that FIA governs all the races (or at least all series) in the world, which we both know is not true. I realize that you are trying to word it carefully, so would you come up with a minor change in the wording? I am okay with the rest that you wrote. This should be easy to clear up. Royalbroil 02:17, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
Hmm, might not be that easy! While you're right of course that it doesn't govern all motorsport, it is also true that the FIA is the only international governing body. The 500 has, on occasions, been run as an FIA sanctioned race, I think. Most national motorsport associations are subsidiary to the FIA. I'll look into it in more detail and try and tweak the words to avoid an incorrect implication.
Regarding the source on Andretti, there are a two points that stand out as notable to me: One is how did Andretti start racing for Ferrari in F1?. Was it connected to the sportscar racing? And how did he start in Sportscars, was it through NART? (I like to know how and why things happened!). The other is that Andretti contributed to at least one World Championship for Makes, which as there was no sportscar drivers championship, is probably worth mentioning. 4u1e 11:12, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
I was googling around trying to find how the various bodies connect, and found this page. Trouble is, the description of FIA's role there almost exactly matches what I wrote! I think the difference that we are trying to bring out is that most race series are governed by national or local bodies (or commercial organisations like IRL), not direct by the FIA. However, the organising bodies do tend, directly or indirectly, to be members of the FIA. As I understand that page, USAC is a member of ACCUS, which is a member of the FIA. I'm not all that clear personally what that means in practice - In the UK national rules & regs for motorsport are contained in the Motor Sport Association 'Blue Book', if I remember correctly. Specific rules for a specific championship are issued by the championship organiser. Same sort of arrangement in the States? 4u1e 11:39, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
I looked at the link about ACCUS. It sounds like ACCUS might be a go-between/connection between the various sanctioning bodies and FIA. They put events on the FIA calendar. Everything you put in the last paragraph sounds reasonable to me, and the rules for a specific championship (or we call them series) are issued by the organizer. I know NASCAR is owned by the France family (descendants of Bill France, Sr.. France made up the rules completely independent of FIA. I am shocked that they are members of ACCUS - as I thought they were in no way related to FIA. We could use the phrase from the website "international body that governs the highest levels of motorsports" since it is sourced - although it sounds like a WP:PEACOCK/POV statement to me. You're right - the Indy 500 was run under FIA sanction for most of the 1950s, and the points counted towards the F1 championship (even though F1 drivers didn't race it!).
I pasted the main text from the article into Word, and I says that the article has around 20k text. The tables and infoboxes must be very large. I was expecting the article to be too large. So there is room to expand if we want (FA is regularly 30k to 50k). I would like to see expansion on his second IndyCar career and more on the sports car racing. I agree to connect the dots between series too. Royalbroil 14:08, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
Bill France started NASCAR independently with no consideration for FIA. I'm not sure when ACCUS was organized, but the comment two items up is correct: it exists to coordinate between various US sanctioning bodies (often very independent, and occasionally competing) and the FIA (before FISA existed). I'm not sure when NASCAR joined ACCUS, but it was by the mid-Sixties. Maybe research into NASCAR's Speedway Division might show a FIA connection regarding the engine size/vehicle weight formula, and that might show whether NASCAR cared about FIA by 1959. Barno 16:57, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
Given that this is really only about how we describe F1 I think we can short-circuit this (although it is interesting!) by referring to the FIA as 'motorsport's international governing body'. I don't believe there is any other international governing body for motorsport - of the US series only CART has really competed outside North America, and as I recall they had to reach an agreement with the FIA to do so (They got into an argument over Surfer's Paradise sometime around 1990 iirc).4u1e 06:51, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Agreed, the phrasing you suggest is valid and NPOV. Barno 17:13, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
'tis done. I think the article's looking pretty good for GA now, but as we still seem to have the material (and time!) to add further value I suggest we do so. Smee noted above that some paras were rather short - I agree. Indy 500 is probably the worst culprit and reads a little bit like a list - can we join the dots a bit? 4u1e 17:40, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Calling it "motorsport's international governing body" is still not great in my opinion, but I it's better than anything that I can think up. I'll discuss if I come up with better wording. NASCAR just started up a series in Canada and a series in Mexico, but it's no where near FIA. I'll think about how to better connect the dots at Indy. Royalbroil 02:23, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

(reset) Happy to discuss wording further, but I can't think what else we could call it. There's probably something significant in the fact that (other than CART) excursions outside the States are limited to North America, but I'm not sure what. Cheers. 4u1e 06:14, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

I will leave the FIA phrase alone. I can't think of anything better. Let's move on.
How far do you think this article is from featured? Should we consider skipping good for featured? Should we request a peer review? Royalbroil 12:08, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
No, I'd go through GA on the way - it's useful in itself and looks better when you go to FA. I'd also recommend getting a peer review after GA (probably from other WP:MOTOR regulars, although the WP:BIO crowd usually do a good job too). I'd say this has a fair chance at GA now - it depends on who reviews it, in theory the standard isn't much lower than FA, with just 'brilliance' of writing and comprehensiveness of coverage being the difference. Why don't we go for GA now - it takes a while anyway , and I think we could both use some input from outside (and hopefully some encouragement!). I'll leave you to nominate (just follow the instructions at WP:GAC. 4u1e 08:51, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
Good comments. I will nominate it after waiting another week to prove that it is stable. Royalbroil 12:14, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
You might as well nominate it now. It generally takes several weeks for an article to get reviewed (or maybe that's just my articles.....). If stability is raised as a concern, I would expect the article to be placed on hold rather than outright failed, since changes are not down to an ongoing edit war, but to agreed improvements. Cheers. 4u1e 13:41, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

McNamara

Andretti's listed as driving a McNamara in some Indy 500s. It's wikilinked, but to a disambiguation page, and none of the options there seem relevant. Should this be de-linked, linked to some other article I don't know about, or red-linked to a new McNamara (constructor) type page? 4u1e 18:03, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

I know very little about chasis. I'll ask at WikiProject American Open Wheel Racing. My thought is to red-link to McNamara (constructor). Royalbroil 02:33, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
Found it. Oddly, it was a short lived German single seater constructor, run by an expat American. See here and here. 4u1e 13:27, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

GA on hold

I reviewed this article not out of actually being a fan of Andretti but because I wanted to know more about him as I recall seeing him guest appear on the US comedy Home Improvement with Tim Allen. Unfortunately I could find no reference to him appearing on the show (he went on at least three times). Nevertheless his life and career is well researched. The article on a whole is almost at GA, though there are a few points (see WP:WIAGA for exact criteria) as to why I havent passed the article. I have placed the GA on hold until these points are resolved. Please update your progress here as you complete them. Once these concerns have been met the article can be passed as GA. Please address the following:


  • The following sentance is pov, please change or remove: "1969 was a banner year for Andretti"
  Removed. Royalbroil 04:03, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
  • Please reference: "While continuing to compete in the USAC National Championship, Andretti also competed two full seasons in the North American Formula 5000 series in 1973 and 1974, and finished second in the championship in both seasons. He also competed in USAC's dirt track division in 1974, and won the dirt track championship while competing in both series."
  Cited. Royalbroil 00:03, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
  • Please reference: "Andretti told Chapman of his ambition to compete in Formula One and was told "When you're ready, call me."
for User:4u1e to address. Royalbroil 03:30, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
Already ref'd - the ref at the end of that para covers all of its content. I would suggest that repeating the same ref twice in a para doesn't add to the article particularly. If the reviewer disagrees, I will repeat ref 13 directly after the quote. Cheers. 4u1e 08:52, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
I would prefer to see a quote referenced inline, so please cite it. I would cite it myself, but I don't know the exact page. Royalbroil 20:20, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
  Cited. Royalbroil 01:55, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
I've given the exact page number as well. 4u1e 11:26, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
  • Please reference: "When the Parnelli team pulled out of Formula One after two races of the 1976 season, Andretti returned to Chapman's Lotus team, for whom he had already driven at the season-opening Brazilian Grand Prix. His ability at developing a racing car soon progressed the Lotus towards the front end of the Formula One grid, culminating in lapping the field in his victory at the season ending race at the Mount Fuji circuit in Japan. In 1977, at Long Beach, he became the only American to win the United States Grand Prix West in the Lotus 78 "wing car". Andretti's development work at Lotus was to result in the revolutionary "ground effect" Lotus 79 of 1978. He won six races in 1978, and took the title. The championship was a bitter-sweet victory in the light of the death of his teammate and close friend Ronnie Peterson."
for User:4u1e to address. Royalbroil 03:30, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
  This is a duplicate of the next point, so it has been skipped. Royalbroil 01:13, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
  • Please reference and rewrite to remove pov: "When the Parnelli team pulled out of Formula One after two races of the 1976 season, Andretti returned to Chapman's Lotus team, for whom he had already driven at the season-opening Brazilian Grand Prix. His ability at developing a racing car soon progressed the Lotus towards the front end of the Formula One grid, culminating in lapping the field in his victory at the season ending race at the Mount Fuji circuit in Japan. In 1977, at Long Beach, he became the only American to win the United States Grand Prix West in the Lotus 78 "wing car". Andretti's development work at Lotus was to result in the revolutionary "ground effect" Lotus 79 of 1978. He won six races in 1978, and took the title. The championship was a bitter-sweet victory in the light of the death of his teammate and close friend Ronnie Peterson."
for User:4u1e to address. Royalbroil 03:30, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 ??? 4u1e has edited, plus I have made an attempt to cite and explain. I am very weak in Formula One history. Royalbroil 01:55, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
Oh, I don't know - I reckon you're picking up a fair bit! I've tweaked a bit more and ref'd - think it's OK, if LordHarris could confirm? (Between Royal and Lord, I'm feeling a bit plebian here :D 4u1e 11:29, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
  • Please split this paragraph into two or more paragraphs adding references for earlier sections: "Andretti had continued to race, and win occasional races, in the USAC National Championship during his time in the Formula One world championship. In 1979 a new organization, Championship Auto Racing Teams, had set up the Indycar world series as a rival to the USAC National Championships that Andretti had won three times in the 1960s. The new series had rapidly become the premiere open wheel racing series in North America, and it was to this arena that Andretti returned full time in 1982, driving for Patrick Racing. In 1983 he joined the new Newman/Haas Racing team, set up by Carl Haas and actor Paul Newman using cars built by British company Lola. Andretti took the team's first win at Elkhart Lake in 1983. He won the pole for nine of sixteen events in 1984, and claimed his fourth Champ Car title at the age of 44. He edged out Tom Sneva by 13 points. It was the first series title for a second year team. Mario's son Michael joined Newman/Haas in 1989. Together, they made history as the first father/son team to compete in both IMSA GT and Champ Car racing,[8] as for the former, it was their fourth time in an endurance race together as co-drivers. Mario finished seventh in points for the 1991 season, the year that Michael won the championship. Mario's last victory in IndyCar racing came in 1993 at Phoenix International Raceway, the year that Michael left Newman/Haas to race in Formula One. The win made Mario the oldest recorded winner in an IndyCar event (53 years, 34 days old).[18] Andretti qualified on the pole at the Michigan 500 later that year with a speed of 234.275 mph (377.028 kph). The speed was a new closed course world record.[12] Andretti's final season, in 1994, was dubbed "The Arrivederci Tour." He raced in the last of his 407 Indy car races that September."
Could we change the word "premiere" to something less pov like "de facto standard" or "most prominent"? Royalbroil 13:39, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
I am finding this point difficult to deal with since I don't see the problem. We added the introductory portion of this paragraph (and a simular introduction in the Formula One section) expecting them to be non-controversial (thus not needing citation). This introduction was added as a courtesy to give the reader some background about major changes while Andretti was away racing in Formula One. This is not the article about the history of IndyCar racing. 4u1e, should we just remove the introduction? It doesn't appear very important to me. Second, where is there a break in thought where a new paragraph could be appropriate? Royalbroil 20:40, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
I think we definitely need the intro - a reader new to the topic will otherwise have no idea what these different series are or why it's of interest that Andretti competed in them. I'll have a look at the split and refs. 4u1e 10:27, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
I've split into three paras and ref'd as best I can: Have we got a ref for Newman/Haas being the first second year team to win the championship? I've replaced premiere with top: I think this is factual, it was at that period the highest you could go in open-wheelers in the States - USAC (except Indy) and F5000 having died and IRL being 15 years away. 4u1e 11:36, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
  I looked throught the diffs, and the Newman/Haas sentence was reworded to the point where it took on a different meaning. I changed the meaning back. It should not be controversial anymore - since it was the first title for the second year team. Royalbroil 13:24, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
Ahhh, that would make more sense! Cheers. 4u1e 13:46, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
  • This DEFINATELY needs a reference/rewrite or removal: "Andretti made the saying "Mario is slowing down!" famous at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Andretti has had so many incidents at the track, and that critics have dubbed the family's performance the "Andretti Curse""
I will address. Royalbroil 03:30, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
  Addressed by removing the phrase "Mario is slowing down" even though I think it is a quote from Indy 500 announcers. I reworded the first paragraph in the section and cited the "Andretti Curse". Royalbroil 05:07, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
"Mario is slowing down" is an exact quote from the historical Indianapolis 500 history DVD, 1980s: Decade for the Ages, currently produced (along with the 60s, 70s and 90s) by IMS Corp. itself. The line was not shouted, as Carnegie sounding surprised for long about any development in the Race is few and very far between; however, the exact words were used, and made as famous as they were likely due to its having been without doubt the most famous Mario misfortune at Indianapolis, the race in 1987 when he led 177 of the first 180 laps, and went out while over a lap and a half out in front. --Chr.K. 03:29, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
  • The awards and references section could do with references citing the awards e.g. "In 2000, the Associated Press and RACER magazine named him "Driver of the Century." The same year, he was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the United States National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in 1996, and the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1990."
  Completed. Royalbroil 03:26, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Basically those are my concerns for addressing, mainly in regards to NPOV and references/citations. If anyone can perhaps they would be able to add information about his Home Improvement appearances to the film appearances section, changing the title. Once you have addressed these concerns please drop me a message. If you have any concerns or need any help, please ask. Thanks. LordHarris 01:15, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Royal, do you think we're done now? 4u1e 13:46, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
Yes. Several hours ago I asked LordHarris to look it over again. Royalbroil 17:45, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
Looks good to me, well done and good work on meeting all of the points I raised. Ive updated the article to GA status. As for further suggestions for improvement I think you should nominate the article for a peer review, as a review by other editors would be good for improving the article beyond GA. I would recommend trying to incorporate the movie and television appearences into prose, rather than as bullet points. Also is it not possible to merge some of the info from the second info box to the first info box - as date of birth etc should be at the top of the info box? Anyway good work. LordHarris 14:05, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Driver of the Year

The article mentions that Andretti has been named "Driver of the Year" three times. Who awards this title and what is the scope, i.e. is it Driver of the Year in Indycars? Or in the USA? Or in the whole world? Depending on the answer, perhaps this should be clarified in the article. DH85868993 03:24, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

I have cited it so the reader can make their own conclusion, and noted that the award is for the United States. Andretti was the first winner in 1967. Royalbroil 03:52, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
Thanks. I'll leave it to you to decide whether it needs the clarification and/or cite in the lead section as well. DH85868993 04:02, 11 July 2007 (UTC)