Stirtonia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arthoniaceae.[1] It contains 22 species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens found primarily in tropical regions. The genus was circumscribed by the British lichenologist Annie Lorrain Smith in 1926, with Stirtonia obvallata assigned as the type species. The species epithet honours the Scottish lichenologist James Stirton.[2]
| Stirtonia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Arthoniomycetes |
| Order: | Arthoniales |
| Family: | Arthoniaceae |
| Genus: | Stirtonia A.L.Sm. (1926) |
| Type species | |
| Stirtonia obvallata A.L.Sm. (1926)
| |
Description
editThe thallus of Stirtonia contains trentepohlioid green algae as its photobiont partner. These algae belong to the genus Trentepohlia and are responsible for photosynthesis within the lichen symbiosis. Stirtonia lichens reproduce sexually through spore-producing structures called asci. These asci are found in specialised areas of the thallus known as ascigerous areas. A distinctive feature of Stirtonia is the presence of interascal hyphae (fungal threads between the asci) that anastomose, or interconnect, forming a network. These hyphae are similar in appearance to the hyphae found in non-reproductive parts of the thallus and are not bound together by a jelly-like substance (hymenial gel) as seen in some other lichen genera.[3]
The ascospores of Stirtonia have a unique structure. They are divided only by transverse septa (cross-walls), creating several segments along the length of the spore. The walls of these spores, including the septa, are thickened. This thickening results in the internal chambers (lumina) of the spores having a rounded or lens-like shape when viewed under a microscope.[3]
Species
editAs of August 2024[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 22 species of Stirtonia:[1]
- Stirtonia borinquensis Perlmutter, Rivas Plata & Lücking (2018)[4]
- Stirtonia byssoidea Seavey & J.Seavey (2015)[5] – Florida
- Stirtonia caribaea Perlmutter, Rivas Plata & Lücking (2018)[4]
- Stirtonia coei Seavey & J.Seavey (2015)[5] – Florida
- Stirtonia curvata Aptroot (2009)[6]
- Stirtonia epiphylla Aptroot & Seaward (2017)[7] – Seychelles
- Stirtonia ghattensis S.N.Dudani, Nayaka, Ingle & S.Joseph (2018)[8] – India
- Stirtonia ibirapuitensis Aptroot, Käffer & S.M.Martins (2014)[3]
- Stirtonia isidiata Weerakoon & Aptroot (2016)[9]
- Stirtonia latispora Seavey & J.Seavey (2015)[5] – Florida
- Stirtonia lucida M.M.E.Alves, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[10] – Brazil
- Stirtonia microspora Xavier-Leite, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (2014)[11]
- Stirtonia neotropica Aptroot (2009)[6]
- Stirtonia nitida Xavier-Leite, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (2014)[11]
- Stirtonia nivea Xavier-Leite, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (2014)[11]
- Stirtonia obvallata (Stirt.) A.L.Sm. (1926)
- Stirtonia ochracea M.M.E.Alves, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[10] – Brazil
- Stirtonia psoromica Aptroot & Wolseley (2009)[12]
- Stirtonia punctiformis Aptroot & Sipman (2014)[3]
- Stirtonia rhizophorae Kalb & Mongk. (2012)[13]
- Stirtonia schummii Aptroot (2009)[6]
- Stirtonia viridis Aptroot, L.I.Ferraro, Sipman & M.Cáceres (2014)[3]
References
edit- ^ a b "Stirtonia". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ Smith, A. Lorraine (1926). "Cryptotheciaceae. A family of primitive lichens". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 11 (3–4): 189–196. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(26)80003-8.
- ^ a b c d e Aptroot, André; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; KäFfer, Marcia; Martins, Suzana M.; Ferraro, Lidia Itatí; CáCeres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2014). "A world key to Stirtonia (Arthoniaceae), with three new Stirtonia species and one new Crypthonia species from the Neotropics". The Lichenologist. 46 (5): 673–679. doi:10.1017/S0024282914000280.
- ^ a b Perlmutter, Gary B.; Plata, Eimy Rivas; Lücking, Robert (2018). "Is Stirtonia alba in North America? Resolving a nomenclatural impasse and assessing the taxonomic status of the Arthonia alba complex". The Bryologist. 121 (1): 80–86. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.1.080.
- ^ a b c Seavey, Frederick; Seavey, Jean (2015). "Three new Stirtonia from Everglades National Park with a key to the neotropics". Lichenologist. 47: 1–7. doi:10.1017/S0024282914000462.
- ^ a b c Aptroot, André (2009). "A revision of the lichen genus Stirtonia". The Lichenologist. 41 (6): 615–625. doi:10.1017/S0024282909990107.
- ^ Diederich, Paul; Lücking, Robert; Aptroot, André; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Braun, Uwe; Ahti, Teuvo; Ertz, Damien (2017). "New species and new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Seychelles". Herzogia. 30 (1): 182–236. doi:10.13158/heia.30.1.2017.182.
- ^ Dudani, Sumesh N.; Nayaka, Sanjeeva; Ingle, Komal K.; Joseph, Siljo (2018). "New species and new records of lichenized Ascomycota from tropical deciduous forests of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India". Turkish Journal of Botany. 42 (3): 1–7. doi:10.3906/bot-1707-58.
- ^ Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wolseley, Patricia A.; Arachchige, Omal; Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, Marcela; Jayalal, Udeni; Aptroot, André (2016). "Eight new lichen species and 88 new records from Sri Lanka". The Bryologist. 119 (2): 131–142. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.2.131.
- ^ a b Alves, Marilia Muryel Estevam; Aptroot, André; Lacerda, Sírleis Rodrigues; CáCeres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2014). "Three new Arthoniaceae from Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, NE Brazil". The Lichenologist. 46 (5): 663–667. doi:10.1017/S0024282914000206.
- ^ a b c Xavier-Leite, A.B.; Menezes, A.A.; Andrade, A.O.; Aptroot, A.; Cáceres, M.E.S. (2014). "Three new Stirtonia species from Reserva Muralha, Paraíba, NE Brazil". Nova Hedwigia. 98: 425–430. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2014/0159.
- ^ Wolseley, P.A.; Aptroot, A. (2009). "The lichen genera Cryptothecia and Stirtonia in northern Thailand". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 99: 411–422.
- ^ Kalb, Klaus; Buaruang, Kawinnat; Mongkolsuk, Pachara; Boonpragob, Kansri (2012). "New or otherwise interesting lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 42 (1): 35–47. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.42.1.5.