Sefer ha-Chinuch (Hebrew: ספר החינוך, "Book of Education") is a rabbinic text which systematically discusses the 613 commandments of the Torah. It was written in 13th-century Spain by an anonymous "Levite of Barcelona".
| Sefer ha-Chinuch | |
|---|---|
| ספר החינוך | |
| Information | |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Author | Anonymous "Levite of Barcelona" |
| Language | Hebrew |
| Period | 13th century |
 Sefer ha-Chinuch at Hebrew Wikisource | |
Content
editThe work's enumeration of the commandments (Hebrew: mitzvot; sing. mitzvah) is based upon Maimonides' system of counting as per his Sefer Hamitzvot; each is listed according to its appearance in the weekly Torah portion and the work is structured correspondingly.[1]
The book separately discusses each of the 613 commandments, both from a legal and a moral perspective. For each, the Chinuch's discussion starts by linking the mitzvah to its Biblical source, and then addresses the philosophical underpinnings of the commandment (here, termed the "shoresh", or "root"). Following this, the Chinuch presents a brief overview of the halakha (practical Jewish law) governing its observance - usually based on Maimonides' Mishneh Torah - and closes with a summary as to the commandment's applicability.
Because of this structure, the work remains popular to this day. The philosophic portions are widely quoted and taught, while the legal discussion provides the basis for much further study in yeshivot. The Minchat Chinuch by "Rabbeinu Yosef" (Yosef Ben Moshe Babad, 1800–1874), Av Beit Din of Ternopil, serves as a legal commentary.
Authorship
editThe author does not reveal his name in any manuscript, writing only that he is a "Jew of the House of Levi in Barcelona". Scholars have proposed various attributions.
Aaron
editThe editio princeps (Venice, 1523) attributes the book to "Aaron", on the basis of a purported hint within the text, but scholars have rejected this interpretation.[2][3] Relying on the editio princeps, Gedaliah ibn Yaḥyah (Shalshelet haQabbalah (c. 1550)) went further, suggesting that it might have been written by Aaron HaLevi of Barcelona (1235-c. 1303). However, there are numerous contradictions between the Chinuch and HaLevi's works, and HaLevi's teacher (Nachmanides) is not cited by the Chinuch.[3][4] Adolf Jellinek (1878) argues that "Aaron" is correct, but that it is a different Aaron HaLevi.[5]
Other Proposals
editDavid ibn Abi Zimra (Metzudat David (1556)) attributes it to a certain "Rabbi Barukh", without giving his source. Adolf Neubauer (1872) attributes it to Abraham ben Hassan HaLevi.[6] Shaul Chana Kook (1940) suggests the author's name was Mordechai HaLevi.[2] Israel Ta-Shma argues that the Aharon HaLevi's brother, Pinchas ben Joseph haLevi, composed the book.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Prior to the Frankfurt edition of 1783 the mitzvot were printed in the same order as Maimonides' work - see Gersion Appel Ch 2.
- ^ a b קוק, שאול חנא. "בדבר שם מחבר "ספר החינוך"". bookreader.nli.org.il. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
- ^ a b Rabbi Chaim Dov Chavel, Mosad HaRav Kook ed. of Sefer HaChinuch, 5762 p. 797
- ^
Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Aaron ha-Levi of Barcelona". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
- ^ "HebrewBooks.org Sefer Detail: קונטרס תריג (תרי"ג) -- ילינק, אהרן בן יצחק יהודה, 1820-1893". hebrewbooks.org. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
- ^ Rosin, D. (1872). "Kleine Beiträge von Ab. Neubauer". Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums. 21 (N. F. 4) (4): 178–184. ISSN 2193-9136.
- ^ Israel Ta-Shma, "Mehabbero ha-'amitti shel Sefer ha-hinnukh," Kiryat Sefer 55 (1980): 787-90
Further reading
edit- Translation: The Book of Mitzvah Education. Charles Wengrow. Feldheim 1992. ISBN 1-58330-383-9
- Discussion: A Philosophy of Mitzvot. Gersion Appel. Ktav 1975. ISBN 0-87068-250-4
- Classes: A Study of the 613 Mitvot and their Meanings in our Lives. Rabbi David Botton. teachittome.com