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Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing

(Redirected from Sbarro massacre)

A Palestinian suicide bombing at a pizzeria in downtown Jerusalem on 9 August 2001 killed 16 people, including seven children and a pregnant woman. A further 130 were wounded. The attack occurred during the Second Intifada.

Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
Part of the Second Intifada militancy campaign
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing is located in Jerusalem
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
The attack site
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing is located in Jerusalem
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing (Jerusalem)
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing is located in Israel
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing (Israel)
LocationJerusalem
Coordinates31°46′59″N 35°13′04″E / 31.7830°N 35.2179°E / 31.7830; 35.2179
Date9 August 2001
2:00 pm (IDT)
TargetSbarro pizza restaurant
Attack type
Suicide bombing
Deaths16 civilians (+1 bomber)
Injured140
PerpetratorsHamas

Attack

At the time of the bombing, the Jerusalem branch of the Sbarro pizza restaurant chain was located at the corner of King George Street and Jaffa Road in Jerusalem, one of the busiest pedestrian crossings in the region. Although not required to do so, owner Noam Amar added extra support columns on the advice of city inspectors.[1]

Ahlam Tamimi, who was charged as an accomplice, scouted for a target before leading Izz al-Din Shuheil al-Masri, the suicide bomber, to the Sbarro restaurant. They arrived just before 2:00 p.m., when the restaurant was filled with customers, "dozens of women, children and babies",[2] and pedestrian traffic outside was at its peak. Tamimi departed before Al-Masri, thought to be carrying a rigged guitar case or wearing an explosive belt weighing five to 10 kilograms, containing explosives, nails, nuts and bolts, detonated his bomb.[2]

Chaviv Avrahami, who saw the scene of the attack after the bombing, recounted: "I heard a tremendous explosion, and I was thrown up a metre into the air. I knew immediately that it was a bomb attack, and a catastrophic one. There were people – babies – thrown through the window and covered with blood. The whole street was covered with blood and bodies: the dead and the dying."[3] Naor Shara, a soldier who witnessed the attack, said, "The worst thing I saw, which I think will haunt me all my life, is a baby that was sitting in a stroller outside a shop and was dead. After the explosion, the baby's mother came out of the store and started screaming hysterically."[3]

Casualties

The dead included 14 Israelis, one pregnant American, and one Brazilian.[citation needed] Additionally, 130 were injured.[citation needed] One victim, Chana Nachenberg, remained hospitalized in a persistent vegetative state more than 20 years after the attack until finally dying of her injuries on 31 May 2023.[4][5] She was 31-years-old at the time of the bombing. Her daughter, who was two years old at the time, was one of the few in the restaurant who was not injured.[2]

Yocheved Shoshan, 10, was killed, and her 15-year-old sister Miriam was severely injured with 60 nails lodged in her body, a hole in her right thigh, third degree burns on 40 percent of her body, and a ruptured spleen.[2]

Mordechai and Tzira Schijveschuurder, both children of Holocaust survivors, were killed along with three of their children. Two other daughters, Leah, 11, and Chaya, 8, were critically injured.[6] The family was of Dutch origin.[7][8]

Perpetrators

 
Izz al-Din Shuheil al-Masri, the perpetrator of the bombing. His bandana says Al Qassam Brigades (Arabic: كتائب القسام, romanized: Kataeb Al Qassam) the militant wing of the Hamas movement.

Both Hamas and the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine initially claimed responsibility,[9][better source needed] with Hamas saying that the attack was in response to Israel's assassination ten days earlier in Nablus of the two leading Hamas commanders Jamal Mansour and Omar Mansour as well as six civilians including two children.[3][10][11]

The suicide bomber who died in the course of carrying out the attack was later identified to be Izz al-Din Shuheil al-Masri[12] (Arabic: عز الدين شهيل المصري) from the Palestinian West Bank town of Aqabah. Izz al-Masri was 22 at the time and the son of a successful restaurant owner, and from an affluent land-owning family.[citation needed]

The person who constructed the explosives was Abdallah Barghouti. For his part in the bombing and a string of other attacks, in which 67 civilians were killed and 500 injured, he received 67 life sentences on 30 November 2004.[13][better source needed]

Ahlam Tamimi

Main article: Ahlam Tamimi

Izz al-Masri was escorted to the restaurant by Ahlam Tamimi, a 20-year-old female university student and part-time journalist, who had disguised herself as a Jewish tourist for the occasion. She later commented that she was not sorry for what she had done and does not recognize Israel's existence. "Despite the fact that I'm sentenced to 16 life sentences I know that we will become free from Israeli occupation and then I will also be free from the prison," she said.[14] When she first learned from a journalist who was interviewing her in jail that she had murdered eight children, not just three as she had initially believed, she just smiled broadly and continued with the interview.[15][16]

Tamimi was released in October 2011 in exchange for the release of captive Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit.[17]

Aftermath

In response to the attack, Israel shut down the unofficial Palestinian "foreign office" in Jerusalem, at the Orient House.[18]

In 2001, the family of Malka Chana (Malki) Roth, a 15-year-old victim of the attack, founded The Malki Foundation, a charity organization that supports families of children with disabilities. All services and equipment are provided at no cost to the families and people of all religions and backgrounds are eligible for assistance.[19][20] Her parents, Arnold and Frimet Roth, participated in a mass protest in Europe alongside the families of other terror victims in support of the legality the Israeli West Bank barrier. Arnold remarked, "Do I feel bad about the destruction the fence is causing? I do. But do not compare the murder of my daughter to the inability of a Palestinian to get to work by 9:00 A.M."[21]

The incident inspired the Belzberg family to establish the ONE Family Fund, a charity that provides assistance to victims of terrorist attacks targeting Israel.[22][23] The husband of Shoshana Greenbaum, the pregnant woman killed in the attack, organized a group called "Partners in Kindness" and writing a column called "A Daily Dose of Kindness". He explained that he made these efforts in attempt to "improve the world".[24]

After the suicide bombing, Palestinian university students at the An-Najah University in the West Bank city of Nablus created an exhibition celebrating the first anniversary of the Second Intifada.[25][26] The exhibit's main attraction was a room-sized re-enactment of the bombing at Sbarro. The installation featured broken furniture splattered with fake blood and human body parts.[25] The entrance to the exhibition was illustrated with a mural depicting the bombing. The exhibit was later shut down by Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat.[27]

Reactions

Foreign Minister Peres said that "If the Palestinian Authority had acted with the necessary determination and carried out preventive detentions of Hamas terrorists and their operators, the murders today in Jerusalem would have been prevented."[9][better source needed]

Within the Palestinian Territories, Hamas claimed responsibility for the bombing which it praised as a "retaliation of the Palestinian people" against Israel.[3] President of the Palestine Liberation Organization and of the Palestinian Authority Yasser Arafat condemned the "bombing attack ... in West Jerusalem and I denounce all acts that harm civilians."[28] but the Palestinian Authority blamed Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon for provoking the attack and stated it held him "fully responsible for what happened. The assassinations, the killings and the terrorism that he has practised and escalated in recent weeks led to this result."[29][3] The following day, the PA claimed that they had arrested two people "in connection with the Sbarro bombing".[30]

U.S. President George W. Bush expressed condolences and stated, "I deplore and strongly condemn the terrorist bombing in downtown Jerusalem today. My heartfelt sympathies and those of the American people are with the victims of this terrible tragedy and their families."[9] Bush demanded Arafat to "condemn this horrific terrorist attack, act now to arrest and bring to justice those responsible, and take immediate, sustained action to prevent future terrorist attacks."[28]

According to the U.N. press release, "UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan condemned today's terror attack by a suicide bomber in Jerusalem. He deplored all acts of terror and is deeply disturbed by the terrible loss of life."[9][better source needed] According to the Belgian EU Presidency, "The Presidency of the European Union unreservedly condemns the bombing of a Jerusalem shopping centre today, 9 August. It abhors this cowardly act which mainly claimed the lives of innocent civilians."[9][better source needed]

2011 prisoner exchange

During the 2011 Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange, relatives of the victims of the bombing vehemently protested the release of Ahlam Tamimi, who chose the Sbarro restaurant as a target and drove the bomber to the location.[2]

Arnold and Frimet Roth circulated a petition against Tamimi's inclusion in the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange and also wrote a letter to Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu urging him to exclude her from the list.[31] Frimet Roth said in October, "We feel desperate. We beg Mr. Netanyahu to grant us a few minutes of his time and hear us out. In any sane country with a fair judicial system, even paroled murderers are not released without granting the victims' loved ones a chance to address the parole board."[32]

Chaya Schijveschuurder, whose parents and three siblings were killed in the attack, protested with a sign that read, "My parents' blood screams from the grave!" Her brother, Shvuel, vandalized the Yitzhak Rabin memorial and commented, "My opinions are all right compared to [Chaya's] and compared to how she feels about the deal. She was badly wounded in the [Sbarro] attack, she feels that releasing the terrorist is as if she were raped and then the rapist went and murdered her parents and is now being released. For her it's like being raped twice."[33]

See also

References

  1. ^ Hillel Fendel (31 May 2007). "Inventor of Pal-Kal Sentenced to Four Years". Arutz Sheva. Archived from the original on 20 September 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e Frimet Roth (11 August 2006). "Remembering the Sbarro bombing five years on". Ha'aretz. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e "'The street was covered with blood and bodies: the dead and the dying'". the Guardian. 10 August 2001. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Israeli Sbarro bombing victim dies after 22 years in coma". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 31 May 2023. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  5. ^ "In One Swift Minute – Chana Nachenberg's Story". 28 January 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  6. ^ "'This isn't a funeral. It's a Holocaust'". The Guardian. London. 11 August 2001. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  7. ^ Inigo Gilmore (12 August 2001). "Israel warned Arafat of suicide bomb risk". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  8. ^ Katz, Samuel M. (2016). The Ghost Warriors: Inside Israel's Undercover War Against Suicide Terrorism. Penguin Books. ISBN 9781592409013. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Suicide bombing at the Sbarro pizzeria in Jerusalem – 9-Aug-2001". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 9 August 2001. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  10. ^ Jerusalem bombing: A war increasing in cruelty, fuelled by lust for revenge Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 10 August 2001.
  11. ^ Who carried out suicide bombing? Archived 12 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 10 August 2001.
  12. ^ Glickman, Aviad (4 June 2009). "Court denies Sbarro bomber family's damages claim". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  13. ^ "Abdallah Barghouti sentenced to 67 life sentences". GxMSDev. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  14. ^ Sbarro terrorist 'not sorry' Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Ynetnews, 27 March 2006
  15. ^ Regards from Amman: The Tamimi Family and the Good Life Archived 7 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine by Meir Indor, TheJewishPress.com, 27 June 2012.
  16. ^ From terrorist to talk-show host: a letter to Netanyahu Archived 18 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine by Frimet Roth, Times of Israel, 1 April 2012.
  17. ^ "Israel releases list of Palestinian prisoners to be swapped". CNN. 16 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  18. ^ Yaacov Lozowick, Right to Exist, 2003, p.20
  19. ^ Keren Malki website Archived 29 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine/
  20. ^ The power of numbers, Frimet Roth, Haaretz
  21. ^ Giulio Meotti (2010). A New Shoah: The Untold Story of Israel's Victims of Terrorism. Encounter Books. ISBN 9781594034770. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  22. ^ Cashman, Greer Fay (9 September 2001). "'Jerusalem Post' donates NIS100,000 to one Family Fund for terror victims". Jerusalem Post. ProQuest 319330960.
  23. ^ Nielson, Jacob (16 May 2002). "Sending Flowers to Victims of Terror: One Family and EISF Team up for Seeds of Solidarity". Jewish Advocate.
  24. ^ "Lesson on Faith: Sbarro Bombing and a Book on Kindness". Israel National News. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  25. ^ a b "Gruesome exhibit marks anniversary of uprising". The Associated Press. 24 September 2001. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2006.
  26. ^ "An Exhibit on Campus Celebrates Grisly Deed". The New York Times. 25 September 2001. Archived from the original on 14 August 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2006.
  27. ^ Arafat closes 'suicide bombing' art show Archived 30 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine, BBC, 26 September 2001.
  28. ^ a b "Israel Takes New Actions After Suicide Bomb". ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  29. ^ agencies, Staff and (9 August 2001). "Restaurant bomb kills 18". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  30. ^ Morris, Nomi (10 August 2001). "Crowded Jerusalem pizzeria bombed". The Modesto Bee. p. 2. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  31. ^ Family begs for daughter’s killer to be kept in prison Archived 22 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine by Tovah Lazaroff, Jerusalem Post, 17 October 2011.
  32. ^ "Mother of Israeli suicide bombing victim: Do not free my daughter's murderer". Ha'aretz. 16 October 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  33. ^ "Vandal in Rabin memorial case: Shalit family sold Israel for son". Ha'aretz. 16 October 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
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