Hyaluronidase PH-20 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPAM1 gene.[5][6][7]

SPAM1
Identifiers
AliasesSPAM1, HEL-S-96n, HYA1, HYAL1, HYAL3, HYAL5, PH-20, PH20, SPAG15, sperm adhesion molecule 1
External IDsOMIM: 600930; MGI: 1921718; HomoloGene: 50610; GeneCards: SPAM1; OMA:SPAM1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001174044
NM_001174045
NM_001174046
NM_003117
NM_153189

NM_028957

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001167515
NP_001167516
NP_001167517
NP_003108
NP_694859

NP_083233

Location (UCSC)Chr 7: 123.93 – 123.97 MbChr 6: 24.86 – 24.89 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3. This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106304Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029678Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G (Feb 1994). "The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity". FEBS Lett. 336 (3): 545–8. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80873-S. PMID 8282124. S2CID 46082782.
  6. ^ Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA (Mar 1996). "Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1". Genomics. 29 (3): 796–800. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9931. PMID 8575780.
  7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: SPAM1 sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)".

Further reading

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