Rogelia Cruz Martínez (31 August 1941 – 11 January 1968) was a Guatemalan beauty pageant titleholder and left-wing political activist. After she won the 1959 Miss Guatemala, she joined the Guatemalan Party of Labour and became romantically involved with its leader, Leonardo Castillo Johnson. She was ultimately kidnapped and murdered for her association with the party and Johnson.
Rogelia Cruz | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 31 August 1941 |
| Died | 11 January 1968 (aged 27) Escuintla, Guatemala |
| Cause of death | Murder |
| Parent(s) | Miguel Cruz Blanca Martinez |
| Beauty pageant titleholder | |
| Title | Miss Guatemala 1959 |
| Major competition(s) | Miss Guatemala 1959 (Winner) Miss Universe 1959 (Unplaced) |
Biography
editEarly life and pageantry
editCruz was born into a middle-class family in Guatemala City on 31 August 1941, the daughter of Miguel Ángel Cruz Franco and Blanca Martínez Flores. While born in the Guatemalan capital, her family was originally from Chiquimula. As a young adult, attended the Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén, a secondary school that specializes in training future teachers, and went onto study architecture at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.[1] It was during her time at university that she won the Miss Guatemala pageant. She went onto compete in the Miss Universe pageant in Long Beach, California the following year in 1959, but ultimately lost the title to Akiko Kojima of Japan. Following her success in pageantry, in 1962, Cruz was persecuted by the Guatemalan Government, due to her activism and opposition to the dictatorship of Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, and joined a guerrilla front.
Guatemalan Party of Labor and guerrilla activity
editIn 1965, she was arrested for storing weapons at her family's farm.[2] After being released from prison, she joined the Juventud Patriotica del Trabajo (JPT) and became romantically involved with Leonardo Castillo Johnson, the leader of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT).[3]
Murder
editCruz was arrested following a traffic violation but was released after the PGT and Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes (FAR) made threats towards the judge presiding over her case.[4] Shortly after her release, she was kidnapped and then, on 11 January 1968, her body was found, naked, with signs of torture and sexual assault, at the foot of a bridge near Escuintla.[5] She was murdered by the paramilitary far-right supporters of the Ydigoras Fuentes dictatorship known as "The White Hand", due to her activism and her association with the PGT.[6]
Aftermath
editIn retaliation for her murder, the PGT attacked US military personnel, killing two men and wounding a third, and the Guatemalan military subsequently assassinated Castillo Johnson in response.[7]
References
edit- ^ González Molina, Marta G. (2011). Guatemala : el martirio de una reina y la guerra de la vergüenza. [Palma de Mallorca]: Novum Pro. ISBN 9788493887704. OCLC 820554661.
- ^ González Molina, Marta Guadalupe (2011). Guatemala: el martirio de una reina y la Guerra de la Vergüenza. Palma de Mallorca: Novum Pro. ISBN 978-84-938877-0-4.
- ^ Daniel, Wilkinson (2002). Silence on the mountain : stories of terror, betrayal, and forgetting in Guatemala. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0618221395. OCLC 50617039.
- ^ Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968, Volume XXXI, South and Central America; Mexico. United States Department of State. 2004. Department of State Publication 11152. Archived from the original on 2004-09-29.
- ^ Gall, Norman (20 May 1971). "Slaughter in Guatemala". The New York Review of Books. 16 (9).
- ^ "Dominican Republic". 2011-06-19. Archived from the original on 2011-06-19. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ "Chronologie des attentats terroristes depuis 1945". Archived from the original on 2006-11-10. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
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