Ribes canthariforme is a rare species of currant commonly known as the Moreno currant.[4] It is characterized by pink to red flowers, a dense inflorescence, and a lack of nodal spines. A little-known endemic to the mountains of San Diego County, it is usually found growing the shade of massive boulders in the chaparral. Although the rarity and small numbers of this plant is a conservation concern, it is usually found in remote areas and is well hidden enough to be safe from most threats.[5]
| Moreno currant | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Grossulariaceae |
| Genus: | Ribes |
| Species: | R. canthariforme
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ribes canthariforme | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
|
Ribes canthariformis Wiggins | |
Description
edit
Ribes canthariforme is a chaparral shrub that reaches to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in the shadows of large boulders and sheltered places. The stems stand erect and are covered in a fine pubescence, and lack the notable spines and prickles on the nodes and internodes of other Ribes species. Three-lobed, round, and with shallow clefts, the leaves measure 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) long. The upper surface of the leaf is green, and covered in wavy, long, soft hairs, while the lower surface is a gray-green, and covered in dense hairs. The base of the leaf is cordate, and attaches to pubescent petioles 2.5–3.5 cm (0.98–1.38 in) long. The leaf margins are crenate, and have gland-tipped teeth.[6][7]
Flowers are produced from February to April. The inflorescence is a dense, drooping, spike or head-like structure, with the flowers crowded into the distal third. The individual flowers are attached to the inflorescence by jointed pedicels 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long, covered in white-villous hairs. The lanceolate bracts measure 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long and are likewise covered in white villi. The flower is colored a rose-purple to pale rose-purple. The hypanthium is broadly urn-shaped, wider than it is long, and covered in villous-pubescent and gland-tipped hairs. The sepals are spreading, spoon-shaped, 2 mm (0.079 in) long, and covered in dark veins. The petals are nearly connivent and erect, and measure 1 mm (0.039 in) long. The styles are free, their bases sparsely hairy.[6][7]
The fruit is a round purple berry, measuring 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in), and covered in long, soft, wavy or glandular hairs that disappear in age.[6][7]
Distribution and habitat
editDistribution
editRibes canthariforme is endemic to the western Peninsular Ranges of San Diego County, California. Localities include Barona Valley, El Cajon Mountain, Descanso Junction, Lyons Peak, Corte Madera, and next to Morena Dam, where the type specimen was collected on a northeast-facing slope among rocks and boulders.[8] The range of this plant does not correspond closely to other species in the region that are restricted to similar habitats, and the distinctive appearance lacks any superficial similarity to other local Ribes species, suggesting a relictual component to its distribution.[5]
There is one herbarium record of this species from the Santa Ana Mountains in Orange County.[9] A record of this species from the San Jacinto Mountains in Riverside County was incorrectly identified and later determined to be Ribes malvaceum var. viridifolium.[10] Although the range of this species comes close to the Mexico–United States border, it has not been located in Baja California.[11][5]
Reiser (2001) suggested the aesthetic appeal of Ribes canthariforme may make it an attractive ornamental plant.[5] Plants of this species collected at the type locality (Moreno Dam) have been successfully cultivated at the Botanical Garden of Tilden Regional Park.[12][13]
Habitat
editRibes canthariforme grows in chaparral habitats in areas of acid igneous rockland.[8][5] R. canthariforme is usually hidden from the rest of the chaparral vegetation as it usually grows in the shaded sides of large exposed boulders, although some may be found away from the boulders in other sheltered places.[14] The association this species has with large boulders, rocky ravines and sheltered areas is probably because of the water harvesting benefits and extra moisture produced by the shade.[5][15]
Estimates from 2005 indicated that about 70 individual plants remained. Most of these occur on land within Cleveland National Forest, and since there are few serious threats the species is not otherwise specifically protected.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Ribes canthariforme". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Species was first described and published in Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium of Stanford University. i. 101 (1929). Stanford, California. "Plant Name Details for Ribes canthariforme". IPNI. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
- ^ Tropicos, Ribes canthariforme Wiggins
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ribes canthariforme". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Reiser, Craig H. (July 2001). Rare Plants of San Diego County (PDF). Aquafir Press. p. 216. ASIN B0006F4BAY. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2022.
- ^ a b c Mesler, Michael R.; Sawyer, John O. (2012). "Ribes canthariforme". Jepson eFlora. Jepson Flora Project. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Morin, Nancy R. "Ribes canthariforme". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 September 2022 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ a b Beauchamp, R. Mitchel (1986). A Flora of San Diego County, California. National City, California: Sweetwater River Press. p. 170. ISBN 0-931950-01-5.
- ^ Atwood, D. (26 March 1993). "UC1719478". CCH2. Consortium of California Herbaria. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Holt, V. (1942). "CHSC001656". CCH2. Consortium of California Herbaria. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 329.
- ^ Roof, James B.; Knight, Irja (5 April 1961). "JEPS25296". CCH2. Consortium of California Herbaria. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Bacigalupi, Rimo (1965). "The Regional Parks Botanic Garden In Tilden Park". California Horticultural Society Journal. XXVI (1): 20.
- ^ Gander, Frank F. (1938). "Notes on Some San Diego County Endemics". Madroño. 4 (5): 163–165. ISSN 0024-9637. JSTOR 41422243.
- ^ Lathrop, Earl W. (August 1981). "Sensitive Plants in the Cleveland National Forest". Crossosoma. 7 (4). Southern California Botanists, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden: 3 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
External links
edit- Treated in: Abrams, LeRoy (1944). An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University: Stanford University Press. p. 395. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4657. ISBN 978-0-8047-0003-0.
- Jepson Manual Treatment
- Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California