Razdan is a family of general-purpose digital electronic computers created from 1958–1965 at the Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute (YerNIIMM).[1] The computer has a semiconductor element base, that is, it belongs to computers of the second generation.
Razdan edit
The machine has been developed since 1958, based on the documentation for the M-3 machine[2] (created under the direction of N.Ya.Matyukhin in the laboratory of I. S. Bruk). The head of the work is E. L. Brusilovsky.[3][4]
In 1960, the Razdan machine was handed over to the State Commission.
Machine specifications edit
- Command system: two-address, 17 basic commands, each of which has 8 modifications
- Number system: binary, the word consists of 36 binary digits, of which 29 are the mantissa, 1 is the sign, 5 is the order, 1 is the sign of the order.
- Speed: 5000 ops/sec.
- Power consumption: approx. 3 kW from AC 220/380 V, 50 Hz.
- Occupied area: 20 sq. m.
In parallel with the assembly and adjustment of Razdan, in the same research institute, work was underway on the creation of the "Aragats" computer, which has the same architecture. To assist in the creation of Razdan and Aragats, several employees of the Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences were seconded to Yerevan, the head of the group was A. P. Merenkov.
Razdan-2 edit
Serially produced since 1961.
Entering and storing data and code is on perforated 35mm film.[5]
Razdan-3 edit
Put into operation in 1965, serial production of the machine began in 1966.
Used as a control computer for working with scientific equipment.[6][7] in nuclear research.[8][9]
There were several scientific programming languages compiled for it such as Fortran and Algol-60.[10]
On the basis of this model, in 1967–1977 YerNIIMM developed a system for automating the process of selling railway tickets – the Marshrut-1 complex (chief designer – A. Kuchukyan).[11] This complex was used for a long time at several railway stations in Moscow (and later formed the basis of the first generation Express automated control system). The developers of this system received the State Prize of the Armenian SSR in 1974.
References edit
- ^ "History". 13 March 2007. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
- ^ "М-3: первый компьютер "сделай сам"". itWeek (in Russian). Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ Leslie, Christopher; Schmitt, Martin (11 September 2019). Histories of Computing in Eastern Europe: IFIP WG 9.7 International Workshop on the History of Computing, HC 2018, Held at the 24th IFIP World Computer Congress, WCC 2018, Poznań, Poland, September 19–21, 2018, Revised Selected Papers. Armenian computers. First generation. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-29160-0.
- ^ "Armenian IT". Armenian IT. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ Holland, Wade B.; Ware, Willis H. (1 August 1963). SOVIET CYBERNETICS TECHNOLOGY: II GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL SOVIET COMPUTERS (Report). Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp. AD0414793 – via DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER.
- ^ Gusev LN, Chernyshev VP (1977). Radial connection of CAMAC crate with Razdan-3 computer (Report) (in Russian).
- ^ Baloshin ON, Vladimirskij VV (1975). Event recognition according to images of spark chambers of a 6 m magnetic spectrometer (Report) (in Russian).
- ^ Afonyashin YA, Danilova RA, Zhurkin VV, Zverev GE, Kaspin AI, Mileshin VA, Mikhajlov OE, Polyakova LM (1973). Oscillograph with the OSK-2 light pencil (Report) (in Russian).
- ^ Zhurkin VV, Lyulevich VI, Mikhajlov OE, Polyakova LM, Safonov AA, Fedotov OP (1973). Razdan-3 soft- and hardware for experimental data processing (Report) (in Russian).
- ^ Э. С. Айдинян; С. В. Арутюнян; Л. Б. Бабаян; А. К. Вартанян; Ю. М. Григорян; А. М. Казарян; Л. О. Мазян; А. А. Нерсесян; Г. Г. Нерсисян; А. Г. Пилипосян; Ж. А. Сапонджян; К. О. Тополян; Л. А. Хзмалян; Ж. А. Шаваршян (1970). "Транслятор АЛГОЛ 60–"Раздан-3"" (PDF). Ж. вычисл. матем. и матем. физ. (in Russian). 10 (6): 1549–1552. Retrieved 27 June 2023 – via www.mathnet.ru.
• E.S. Aidinyan; S.V. Arutyunyan; L.B. Babayan; A.K. Vartanyan; Yu.M. Grigoryan; A.M. Kazaryan; L.O. Mazayan; A.A. Nersesyan; G.G. Nersisyan; A.G. Piliposyan; Zh.A. Sapondzhyan; K.O. Topolyan; L.A. Khemalyan; Zh.A. Shavarshyan (1970). "The ALGOL 60 translator — 'Razdan-3'". USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics. 10 (6): 260–265. doi:10.1016/0041-5553(70)90199-0. - ^ Strelko, Oleh; Pylypchuk, Oleh; Berdnychenko, Yuliia; Hurinchuk, Svitlana; Korobchenko, Anhelina; Martyian, Yuliia (24 October 2019). "Historical Milestones of Creation of Computers Technology Automated System for Passenger Transportations Management "Express" on the Railway Transport in the USSR". 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON). Lviv, Ukraine. 2-6 July 2019. pp. 1214–1219. doi:10.1109/UKRCON.2019.8879892. S2CID 204863624.