Ranunculus hispidus is a species of perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. It is commonly known as bristly buttercup[2] or hispid buttercup.[3] It is a small plant native to central and eastern North America that grows to a height up to 30 cm (1 ft) and has 5-petaled yellow flowers.
| Ranunculus hispidus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Ranunculus |
| Species: | R. hispidus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ranunculus hispidus | |
Description edit
R. hispidus has upright stems growing up to 30 cm (1 ft) tall, with a tendency to sprawl as it ages. It has light green to pale reddish brown stems that have long spreading hairs. The plant has both basal leaves and alternate leaves on the stem.[4] The basal leaves have long petioles, and the leaves on the stem are smaller and have shorter petioles higher up on the stem. The leaves are variable, with some being compound with 3 leaflets, sometimes wider than they are long. Each leaflet is coarsely toothed, often with 3 lobes, and measure up to 10 cm (4 in) long.[5]
The flowers have 5 shiny yellow petals and measure about 2–3 cm (.75–1 in) across, growing individually on long hairy stalks. The sepals are shorter than the petals and are hairy and lanceolate. They bloom March to June. After blooming, several flattened achenes up to 3.5 mm (0.1 in) long are produced.[4]
Etymology edit
The genus name Ranunculus is from the Latin, meaning "little frog" and refers to the preference many buttercups have for wet habitats. The specific epithet hispidus is from Latin, meaning "densely hairy".[6]
Distribution and habitat edit
R. hispidus is native in the United States from Texas and North Dakota to the west, the Canadian border to the north, the east coast to the east, and Florida to the south. In Canada, it is native in Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Labrador, Manitoba, and Prince Edward Island.[3] It can be found in habitats such as dry woods, ridges, slopes, and valleys.[6]
Ecology edit
Birds, such as turkey and grouse, and small rodents eat the seeds.[5]
Toxicity edit
All parts of the plant are mildly toxic if eaten and could cause minor skin irritation if touched.[7] The foliage is poisonous for mammals such as cows, which avoid eating it.[5]
References edit
- ^ "Ranunculus hispidus". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ranunculus hispidus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
- ^ a b "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
- ^ a b "Hispid Buttercup (Ranunculus hispidus)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
- ^ a b c "Hispid Buttercup". Missouri Department of Conservation.
- ^ a b Denison, Edgar (2017). Missouri Wildflowers (Sixth ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-887247-59-7.
- ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org.