Pancreatic Stone Protein (PSP), also known as Lithostathine-1-alpha islet cells regeneration factor (ICRF) or islet of Langerhans regenerating protein (REG) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG1A gene as a single polypeptide of 144 amino acids further cleaved by trypsin to produce a 133 amino acid protein that is O-linked glycosylated on threonine 27. This protein is a type I subclass member of the Regenerating protein family. The Reg protein family is a multi protein family grouped into four subclasses, types I, II, III and IV based on the primary structures of the proteins.[4][5][6] Reg family members REG1B, REGL, PAP and this gene are tandemly clustered on chromosome 2p12 and may have arisen from the same ancestral gene by gene duplication.[6] The PSP is mostly produced in Human by the acinar cells of the pancreas and is secreted in the duodenum by the same pathway that pancreatic exocrine enzymes. It has C-terminal C-type lectin domain whose binding partner is currently unknown.

REG1A
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesREG1A, ICRF, P19, PSP, PSPS, PSPS1, PTP, REG, regenerating family member 1 alpha
External IDsOMIM: 167770; MGI: 97895; HomoloGene: 68282; GeneCards: REG1A; OMA:REG1A - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002909

NM_009042

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002900

NP_033068

Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 79.12 – 79.12 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2][3]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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Pancreas development and regeneration

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The PSP has been shown to be associated with islet cell regeneration and diabetogenesis and may be involved in pancreatic lithogenesis (creation of pancreatic stones; pancreatic calculi).

Sepsis

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The blood PSP concentration has been shown to increase substantially in response to a sepsis event. Consequently, the use of the PSP as a biomarker of sepsis has been investigated thoroughly and the result of these researches confirmed the high diagnostic accuracy of the PSP for sepsis.[7] Of particular interest, PSP concentration has been shown to increase early in the development of a septic event, as illustrated in a cohort of severely burnt patients [8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000115386Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ Watanabe T, Yonekura H, Terazono K, Yamamoto H, Okamoto H (Jun 1990). "Complete nucleotide sequence of human reg gene and its expression in normal and tumoral tissues. The gene encode protein, pancreatic stone protein, and pancreatic thread protein are one and the same product of the gene". J Biol Chem. 265 (13): 7432–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39132-X. PMID 2332435.
  5. ^ Gharib B, Fox MF, Bartoli C, Giorgi D, Sansonetti A, Swallow DM, Dagorn JC, Berge-lefranc JL (Aug 1993). "Human regeneration protein/lithostathine genes map to chromosome 2p12". Ann Hum Genet. 57 (Pt 1): 9–16. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1993.tb00882.x. PMID 8333731. S2CID 19794817.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: REG1A regenerating islet-derived 1 alpha (pancreatic stone protein, pancreatic thread protein)".
  7. ^ Eggimann P, Que YA, Rebeaud F (Jan 2019). "Measurement of pancreatic stone protein in the identification and management of sepsis". Biomark Med. 12 (2): 135–145. doi:10.2217/bmm-2018-0194. PMID 30672312.
  8. ^ Klein HJ, Niggemann P, Buehler PK, Lehner F, Schweizer R, Rittirsch D, Fuchs N, Waldner M, Steiger P, Giovanoli P, Reding T, Graf R, Plock JA (Jan 2020). "Pancreatic Stone Protein Predicts Sepsis in Severely Burned Patients Irrespective of Trauma Severity: A Monocentric Observational Study" (PDF). Ann Surg. 274 (6): e1179–e1186. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000003784. PMID 31972652. S2CID 210882608.

Further reading

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