In mathematics and statistics, Q-distribution or q-distribution may refer to:
- The studentized range distribution, which is the distribution followed by the q-statistic (lowercase Q; the Q-statistic with uppercase Q, from the Box-Pierce test or Ljung-Box test, follows the chi-squared distribution)
- q-analog distributions:
- Gaussian q-distribution (to be distinguished from the q-Gaussian distribution), a family of probability distributions that includes the uniform distribution and the normal (Gaussian) distribution
- q-Gaussian distribution (to be distinguished from the Gaussian q-distribution), a type of Tsallis distribution
- q-exponential distribution, a type of Tsallis distribution
- q-Weibull distribution, a type of Tsallis distribution