The Gryphaeidae, common name the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters, are a family of marine bivalve mollusks. This family of bivalves is very well represented in the fossil record, however the number of living species is very few.
| Gryphaeidae Temporal range: [1]
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| Specimens of Gryphaea articulata from the Jurassic of France | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Ostreida |
| Superfamily: | Ostreoidea |
| Family: | Gryphaeidae Vyalov, 1936 |
| Genera | |
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All species have shells cemented to a substrate. Shells are considered brittle, inequivalve, with the left, lower (cemented) valve convex and the right (upper, non-cemented) valve flat or slightly concave.[2]
Subfamilies
editGenera and species within this family are divided into three subfamilies, Exogyrinae, Gryphaeinae and Pycnodonteinae. Both Exogyrinae and Gryphaeinae are completely extinct. Only two genera Hyotissa and Neopycnodonte in the subfamily Pycnodonteinae have extant species.[3][4][5]
Genera and species
editGenera and species within the family Gryphaeidae include: Family Gryphaeidae Vialov, 1936 (some genera also known as Devil's toenails)
- Subfamily †Exogyrinae Vialov, 1936
- Genus †Aetostreon Bayle, 1878
- Genus †Amphidonte Fischer von Waldheim, 1829
- Genus †Costagyra Vialov, 1936
- Genus †Exogyra Say, 1820
- Genus †Fluctogyra Vialov, 1936
- Genus †Gryphaeostrea Conrad, 1865
- Genus †Gyrostrea Mirkamalov, 1963
- Genus †Ilymatogyra Stenzel, 1971
- Genus †Nanogyra Beurlen, 1958
- Genus †Nutogyra Vialov, 1936
- Genus †Planospirites Lamarck, 1801
- Genus †Vultogryphaea Vialov, 1936
- Subfamily †Gryphaeinae Vialov, 1936
- Genus †Africogryphaea Freneix, 1963
- Genus †Deltoideum Rollier, 1917
- Genus †Gryphaea Lamarck, 1801
- Genus †Liostrea DouvillŽ, 1904
- Genus †Pernostrea Munier-Chalmas, 1864
- Genus †Praeexogyra Charles, 1952
- Subfamily Pycnodonteinae Stenzel, 1959
- Genus †Gigantostrea (Sacco, 1897)
- Genus Hyotissa Stenzel, 1971
- Genus †Labrostrea Vialov, 1936
- Genus Neopycnodonte Stenzel, 1971
- Genus †Pycnodonte (Fischer von Waldheim, 1835)
- Genus †Texigryphaea Stenzel, 1959
- Subfamily Incertae sedis
- Genus †Rhynchostreon Bayle, 1878
References
edit
- ^ Michael Hautmann; David Ware; Hugo Bucher (2017). "Geologically oldest oysters were epizoans on Early Triassic ammonoids". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (3): 253–260. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyx018.
- ^ Jocelyne Martin; Gérard Paulmier (3 February 2011). Les invertébrés marins du golfe de Gascogne à la Manche orientale. Editions Quae. p. 82. ISBN 978-2-7592-0107-5.
- ^ "Fossilworks: Gryphaeidae". The Paleobiology Database. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ^ "Hyotissa Stenzel, 1971". WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species. 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
- ^ Okamura, Kiyoshi; Yamagishi, Yutaka (1992). "Molluscan fauna from the Late Miocene Hatsuse Formation in the Miura Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan" (PDF). Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan (165): 1009–1023. ISSN 0031-0204. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
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