The Provveditore Generale da Mar (lit. 'Superintendent General of the Sea') was a senior office in the Venetian navy and in the Venetian overseas empire.
The Provveditore Generale da Mar was the supreme commander of the Venetian fleet in peacetime. In wartime, he was replaced by the Capitano Generale da Mar, with more ample powers.[1] The office usually had a tenure of three years, but in wartime, the nomination of a new Capitano Generale da Mar was usually accompanied also by the election of a new Provveditore Generale.[2] From the first half of the 16th century, he also appears as the governor of the Venetian Ionian Islands. Eventually this appointment became regularized, as the Provveditore Generale del Levante; with his seat at Corfu, the Provveditore Generale da Mar was the senior civil and military governor of the Ionian Islands in peacetime.[3][4]
Typically he hoisted his ensign on a bastard galley, although in later times he was allowed to use a sailing ship of the line instead.[2] As a sign of his command, the poop deck of his vessel bore three lanterns.[5]
In wartime, due to his absence at the head of the fleet, he was sometimes replaced by a Provveditore Generale delle Tre Isole (lit. 'Superintendent general of the Three Islands'), referring to Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, renamed to Provveditore Generale delle Quattro Isole after the addition of Lefkada to the Venetian domains in 1684.[3][4]
The office was abolished after the Fall of the Republic of Venice and the start of French rule in the Ionian Islands in June 1797.
Catalogue of Provveditori Generali da MarEdit
The following held the post of Provveditore Generale da Mar from 1684 till 1797.[6]
- Giacomo Corner, 1684-1687
- Andrea Navagier, 1687-1690
- Vicenzo Vendramin, 1690-1693
- Antonio Molin, 1693-1696
- Bortolo Contarini, 1696-1701
- Francesco Grimani, 1701-1704
- Francesco Grimani, 1705-1708
- Alvise Mocenigo, 1708-1711
- Agostin Sagredo, 1711-1714
- Daniel Dolfin IV, 1714-1715
- Andrea Pisani, 1715-1718
- Antonio Loredan, 1716-1718
- Zorzi Pasqualigo, 1718-1721
- Andrea Corner, 1721-1724
- Francesco Corner, 1724-1728
- Marcantonio Diedo, 1728-1731
- Nicolò Erizzo, 1731-1734
- Pietro Vendramin, 1734-1737
- Zorzi Grimani, 1737-1740
- Antonio Loredan, 1740-1743
- Daniel Dolfin ΙΧ, 1743-1746
- Antonio Marin Cavalli, 1746-1749
- Giovanni Battista Vitturi, 1749-1752
- Agostin Sagredo, 1752-1755
- Gerolamo Querini, 1755-1758
- Francesco Grimani, 1758-1761
- Alvise Contarini III, 1761-1764
- Antonio Marin Priuli, 1764-1767
- Andrea Donà, 1767-1770
- Pietro Querini, 1770-1773
- Antonio Renier, 1773-1776
- Giacomo Nani, 1776-1779
- Giacomo Gradenigo, 1779-1782
- Alvise Foscari, 1782-1783
- Nicolò Erizzo, 1784-1786
- Francesco Falier, 1787-1791
- Angelo Memmo, 1791-1794
- Carlo Aurelio Widmann, 1794-1797
GalleryEdit
Giorgio Grimani (1687-1750), Provveditore Generale da Mar (1737-1740). Oil on wood, 28 x 37 cm, Venetian painter, 18th century.
Girolamo Querini, Provveditore Generale da Mar (1755-1758). Fortunato Pasquetti, Pinacoteca Querini Stampalia, 18th century.
Antonio Renier, Provveditore Generale da Mar (1773-1776), brother of the doge Paolo Renier. By Alessandro Longhi, 18th century.
Giacomo Gradenigo (1721-1796), Provveditore Generale da Mar (1779-1782). Venetian school, 18th century.
Angelo IV Memmo, Provveditore Generale da Mar (1791-1794), Alessandro Longhi. Oil on wood, 191 x 140 cm, Museo Civico Correr, Venezia.
Carlo Aurelio Widmann, ultimo Provveditore Generale da Mar (1794-1797). By Gaetano Grezler, 18th century.
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ReferencesEdit
- ^ Da Mosto 1940, pp. 5, 19.
- ^ a b Nani Mocenigo 1935, p. 22.
- ^ a b Da Mosto 1940, p. 19.
- ^ a b Arbel 2013, p. 152.
- ^ Da Mosto 1940, p. 5.
- ^ Papakosta 2018, p. 176.
SourcesEdit
- Arbel, Benjamin (2013). "Venice's Maritime Empire in the Early Modern Period". A Companion to Venetian History, 1400–1797. BRILL. pp. 125–253. ISBN 978-90-04-25252-3.
- Da Mosto, Andrea (1940). L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia. Indice Generale, Storico, Descrittivo ed Analitico. Tomo II: Archivi dell'Amministrazione Provinciale della Repubblica Veneta, archivi delle rappresentanze diplomatiche e consolari, archivi dei governi succeduti alla Repubblica Veneta, archivi degli istituti religiosi e archivi minori (PDF) (in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca d'arte editrice. OCLC 889222113.
- Nani Mocenigo, Mario (1935). Storia della marina veneziana: da Lepanto alla caduta della Repubblica [History of the Venetian navy: from Lepanto to the fall of the Republic] (in Italian). Rome: Tipo lit. Ministero della Marina - Uff. Gabinetto.
- Papakosta, Christina (2018). Το αρχείο των βενετών προβλεπτών της Πρέβεζας. Διοίκηση και οργάνωση της πόλης τον 18ο αιώνα [The Archive of the Venetian Provveditori of Preveza; The City's Αdministration and Organization in the 18th century] (in Greek). Preveza: Regional Unit of Preveza. ISBN 978-960-89533-1-4.