Pirogov (Russian: Пирогов), or Pirogova (feminine; Пирогова) is a Russian surname, derived from the word "пирог" (pie or cake). Notable people with the surname include:
- Alexander Pirogov (1899–1964), Russian Soviet opera singer
- Grigory Pirogov (1885–1931), Russian Soviet opera singer
- Kirill Pirogov (born 1973), Russian actor
- Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881), prominent Russian scientist
- Pirogov (film), 1947 Soviet film, notable for the musical score composed by Dmitri Shostakovich
- Pirogov Hospital, a hospital in Sofia, Bulgaria named after him
- 2506 Pirogov, an asteroid named after him
- Pirogov Park, a park in Tartu, Estonia, named after him
- Pirogov, Leonid Gregor (1910-1968), A Soviet Actor.
- Nikolay Nikolayevich Pirogov (1843–1891), Russian physicist and son of Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov
- Vladimir Pirogov (1918–2001), Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union