The Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (CSP-PSD), also known as the Permanent Strategic Framework for the Defense and Protection of Azawad, is a coalition of political and military movements in northern Mali, that was formed on May 6, 2021. The CSP-PSD is an alliance between the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) and Platform.[1] In September 2023, Platform left the CSP-PSD due to the CMA's war with the Malian government.[2]
| Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development | |
|---|---|
| Leaders | President: Bilal Ag Acherif Vice-President: Fahad Ag Almahmoud Spokesperson: Moussa Ag Acharatoumane |
| Dates of operation | May 6, 2021 - present |
| Group(s) |  Coordination of Azawad MovementsPlatform (until September 2023) |
| Allies |  Mali (until 2023) MINUSMA |
| Opponents |  Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin Islamic State in the Greater Sahara Mali (since 2023) Wagner Group (since 2023) |
| Battles and wars | Mali War |
History edit
Throughout the 2010s, there were brief clashes between the CMA and Platform, so the two groups began talks in late 2020 on reconciling their differences over the Algiers Agreement of 2015.[1] The CSP-PSD was created officially on May 6, 2021, after two days of discussion in Rome.[1] Their first provisional president was Bilal Ag Acherif, leader of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), vice-president Fahad Ag Al-Mahmoud, and their spokesperson was Moussa Ag Acharatoumane.[3]
On December 12, 2022, the CSP-PSD pulled out of peace talks with the Malian government, accusing the government of being unwilling to negotiate. The group stated that in order for them to return, new peace talks needed to be held in a neutral country.[4][5]
On June 22, 2023, the CSP-PSD lambasted the Malian government's threats pressuring MINUSMA to leave, claiming that the absence of MINUSMA without a "credible alternative would constitute a threat to security in Mali and the whole region."[6]
On September 26, 2023, Platform left the CSP-PSD due to the CMA's attack on Malian government bases following Mali's collaboration with Wagner Group mercenaries and their war crimes against civilians.[2]
In April 2024, the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security and Development (CSP-PSD) becomes the Strategic Framework for the Defense of the People of Azawad (CSP-DPA). This new coalition is led by the leader of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA).[7]
References edit
- ^ a b c "Mali : Les mouvements armés du nord créent le "Cadre stratégique permanent"". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ a b "Mali: Five questions to better understand why Azawad has taken up arms again". The Africa Report.com. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
- ^ "Communiqué conjoint de la CMA et de la Plateforme des Mouvements du 14 juin 2014 d'Alger – CSP" (in French). 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Mali: Armed groups pull out of peace talks – DW – 12/22/2022". dw.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ Atalayar (2022-12-23). "Mali: armed groups abandon peace talks". Atalayar. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Mali rebels warn UN peacekeeping departure will kill peace deal". Reuters. 2023-06-22. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Afrique Mali: les rebelles du Nord créent le Cadre stratégique pour la défense du peuple de l'Azawad". Radio France International (in French). 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-04-26.