Peripherin 2

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Peripherin-2 is a protein, that in humans is encoded by the PRPH2 gene.[5][6] Peripherin-2 is found in the rod and cone cells of the retina of the eye. Defects in this protein result in one form of retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable blindness.

PRPH2
Identifiers
AliasesPRPH2, AOFMD, AVMD, CACD2, DS, PRPH, RDS, RP7, TSPAN22, rd2, MDBS1, Peripherin 2, peripherin 2 (retinal degeneration, slow)
External IDsOMIM: 179605; MGI: 102791; HomoloGene: 273; GeneCards: PRPH2; OMA:PRPH2 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000322

NM_008938

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000313

NP_032964

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 42.7 – 42.72 MbChr 17: 47.22 – 47.24 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Mutations in the PRPH2 gene are associated with Vitelliform macular dystrophy.

Function

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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four transmembrane helices. Tetraspanins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility.

Peripherin 2 (sometimes referred to as peripherin/RDS or simply RDS) is a cell surface glycoprotein found in the outer segment of both rod and cone photoreceptor cells. It is located in the rim regions of the flattened disks that contain rhodopsin, which is the protein that is responsible for initiation of visual phototransduction upon reception of light. Peripherin 2 may function as an adhesion molecule involved in stabilization and compaction of outer segment disks or in the maintenance of the curvature of the rim. This protein is essential for disk morphogenesis.[6]

Clinical significance

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Defects in this gene are associated with both central and peripheral retinal degenerations. Some of the various phenotypically different disorders are autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, progressive macular degeneration, macular dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa digenic.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000112619Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023978Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Farrar GJ, Kenna P, Jordan SA, Kumar-Singh R, Humphries MM, Sharp EM, Sheils DM, Humphries P (Jan 1992). "A three-base-pair deletion in the peripherin-RDS gene in one form of retinitis pigmentosa". Nature. 354 (6353): 478–480. doi:10.1038/354478a0. PMID 1749427. S2CID 4366345.
  6. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: PRPH2 peripherin 2 (retinal degeneration, slow)".
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Further reading

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