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Pembroke Township, Kankakee County, Illinois

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Pembroke Township is one of seventeen townships in Kankakee County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,140 and it contained 1,062 housing units.[2] Pembroke Township was formed from parts of Momence township on February 17, 1877. From its beginning through today, Pembroke Township was a site of community for Black farmers.[3]

Pembroke Township
Township
Location in Kankakee County
Location in Kankakee County
Kankakee County's location in Illinois
Kankakee County's location in Illinois
Coordinates: 41°03′49″N 87°35′37″W / 41.06361°N 87.59361°W / 41.06361; -87.59361
CountryUnited States
StateIllinois
CountyKankakee
EstablishedFebruary 17, 1877
Government
 • Township SupervisorSam Payton
Area
 • Total52.42 sq mi (135.8 km2)
 • Land52.42 sq mi (135.8 km2)
 • Water0 sq mi (0 km2)  0%
Elevation
663 ft (202 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Estimate 
(2016)[1]
2,072
 • Density40.8/sq mi (15.8/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
60958
FIPS code17-091-58538

Geography

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According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 52.42 square miles (135.8 km2), all land.[2]

Cities, towns, villages

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Unincorporated towns

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(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

Adjacent townships

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Cemeteries

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The township contains the Guiding Star Memorial Cemetery.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
2016 (est.)2,072[1]
U.S. Decennial Census[4]

Economy

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As of November 11, 2009, according to a CBS newspaper article,[citation needed] due to misappropriation of funds, the Federal Government cut funding to the tiny village of Hopkins Park which fired the entire police force. Two of three elementary schools were closed. Currently, the County Sheriff provides very limited patrols. Almost half the working age adults are out of work. Pembroke was once home to a Nestle Corporation factory where more than 100 people worked.

Government

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The township is governed by an elected Town Board of a Supervisor and four Trustees. The Township also has an elected Assessor, Clerk, Highway Commissioner and Supervisor. The Township Office is located at 4053 South Main Street, PO Box A, Hopkins Park, IL 60944.

Political districts

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School districts

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  • Pembroke Community Consolidated School District #259
  • St. Anne Community Consolidated School District 256
  • St. Anne Community High School District 302

Black Farming Community

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Pembroke is a historically Black farming community, at times one of the largest concentrations of Black farmers north of the Mason-Dixon line.[5] The first Black residents of Pembroke arrived in the 1860s: the Tetter family led by patriarch Joseph ‘Pap’ Tetter came from North Carolina. They settled on 42 acres of land which was either bought or acquired using adverse possession laws[3] and established Hopkins Park.[6] Many sources repeat the story that Hopkins Park/Pembroke was a stop along the Underground Railroad.[7][8][6][5] The Tetters were the first of a long tradition of Black farmers in Pembroke; people who had been forced to farm as slaves and sharecroppers could now cultivate their own small plots of land. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, some parts of life in Pembroke were racially segregated, but many Black and white farmers worked together, likely more so than in surrounding parts of Kankakee County.[3]

Unlike many surrounding areas with rich soil, the soil in Pembroke is sandy and lower quality.[5] This can present challenges for growing food, but it also allowed many Black families to buy land in an area that became mostly ignored by white farmers. According to the Chicago Field Museum, "soil seen as poor by outsiders is an asset in Pembroke,[7]" requiring farmers to be creative and often collaborate. Some local farmers sold agricultural and livestock products for profit locally as well as to Chicago and other midwestern cities.[9] Others were and continue to be homesteaders who grew food for themselves. Large groups of Black farmers came to Pembroke during the Great Migration (from the South)[8] and an even larger group moved to the area during the Great Depression (from Chicago).[7] Pembroke became almost entirely Black by the time WWII ended.[3] According to the Black Oaks Center, a local Black-run farm, “Pembroke was the 3rd largest hemp producer in the nation” during WWII.[10]

Although the area struggles with high poverty rates and a decreasing population size,[3] the tradition of Black farmers continues in the area today with places like the Black Oaks Center[10] and Iyabo Farms.[11]

References

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  • "Pembroke Township, Kankakee County, Illinois". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  • United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
  • United States National Atlas
  • [1]
  1. ^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e Baron, Dave (2016). Pembroke A Rural, Black Community on the Illinois Dunes. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-3503-4. OCLC 1162047709.
  4. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "Conservationists see rare nature sanctuaries. Black farmers see a legacy bought out from under them". The Counter. October 21, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Village of Hopkins". www.hopkinspark-il.org. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  7. ^ a b c ehasle (October 20, 2014). "Pembroke". Field Museum. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  8. ^ a b Gray, Topher (August 19, 2010). "From Farm to Food Desert". Chicago Reader. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  9. ^ Chase, Brett (April 23, 2021). "Race, Poverty, Farming and a Natural Gas Pipeline Converge In a Rural Illinois Township". Inside Climate News. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Our Story". Black Oaks Center. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  11. ^ "Iyabo Farms". iyabo-farms.business.site. Retrieved April 10, 2022.

10. Episode of TV show ER Season S9 E18 in the first 5 minutes

Further reading

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  • Pembroke: A Rural, Black Community on the Illinois Dunes by Dave Baron, 2016, Southern Illinois University Press
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