Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices
The Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices (French: Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques or OPECST) is responsible for informing the French Parliament of the consequences of scientific and technological choices in order to inform its decisions.[1] It collects information, implements study programs and carries out evaluations. It plays the role of interlocutor recognized by the entire scientific community. It has thus established a partnership with the French Academy of Sciences and has a regular contact with other academies and major research organizations.[2] Being the only parliamentary office, it is also called more briefly “Parliamentary Office” or “Office”.
Statutes
editOPECST is created by law no 83-609 of July 8, 1983, which provides that the Office must “inform Parliament of the consequences of choices of a scientific and technological nature, in order, in particular, to inform its decisions."[3][4] This is the only common member in the National Assembly and the Senate.[5]
The OPECST is made up of eighteen deputies and eighteen senators, appointed in such a way as to ensure proportional representation of the political groups.[6] These deputies and senators are appointed by their political group and not co-opted by the members of the Office.
The Office is chaired, alternatively, by a member of one or the other assembly for a period of three years, the first vice-president belonging to the other assembly.[7]
It has a scientific council of 24 "high-level personalities", chosen for their skills in scientific and technological questions.[8][9]
Themes addressed
editThe problems addressed by the OPECST are divided into five main themes:
- The power and energy policy
- The environment and natural risks
- The new technology
- The life sciences (bioethics, health, etc.) and biotechnology (GMOs, synthetic biology, etc.).
- Research and innovation policy and the science & society interface.
Certain files have been renewed for several years in a row, for example those related to nuclear energy and waste management through the regular evaluation of the National Plan for the Management of Radioactive Materials and Waste (PNGMDR).[10]
In recent years, the Office has also been dealing with topical issues through a public hearing open to the press, which allows all the stakeholders concerned to be brought together quickly.
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Mission on "nuclear security, instead of the industry and its future"
editIn March 2011, OPECST, then chaired by deputy Claude Birraux, was jointly seized by the Office of the National Assembly and by the committee of economy, sustainable development and spatial planning of the Senate, following the events of Fukushima, of a study on "nuclear security, the place of the nuclear industry and its future".[a][11][12]
During its meeting of March 30, 2011, the Office appointed two reporters responsible for this study:[13]
- Christian Bataille (SOC., Nord), deputy.
- Bruno Sido (UMP, Haute-Marne), then first vice-president of the Office, senator.
During its first meeting on April 14, 2011, the parliamentary mission decided on a work program: open hearings to the press, trips to nuclear sites and trips abroad (Germany, Japan).[14] Two unannounced checks, at the Paluel plant and at the Blayais plant, were also carried out.[15]
The proposed long-term strategy would allow an optimal adjustment of each sector, and a gradual reduction, in parallel with the maturation of storage technologies which will make it possible to manage the intermittence of renewable energies without increasing CO2 emissions, the share of nuclear power in French electricity production.[16][17]
The share of nuclear production would thus drop from around 75% today to “50 or 60% around 2050”,[18] by not replacing one in two end-of-life reactors, in favor of EPR reactors.[19] The decision to shut down a reactor would be left to ASN, whose necessary independence is underlined.[20]
Controversy
editThe independence of the OPECST on nuclear-related issues has long been questioned by environmentalists, including Michèle Rivasi, socialist related MP for Drôme from 1998 to 2002 and founder of CRIIRAD, who claimed to have had a "lot of difficulties to be admitted to sit on the Office" and declared in particular: "One cannot imagine to what extent the nuclear lobby permeates the work of the Office."[21][b]
However, a national radioactive waste management plan to improve the readability and overall effectiveness of the initiatives of the public authorities and the various operators, central proposal of Michèle Rivasi's report relating to the consequences of storage of nuclear waste on health,[22] had been implemented. In fact, following its report, a 2006 law known as the “Birraux law” created a legal framework for the establishment of a National Radioactive Materials and Waste Management Plan (PNGMDR).[23] The first PNGMDR was released in 2007, and the second in 2010.
In 2021, physicist and engineer Sébastien Point denounced the recommendations formulated by the OPECST, then chaired by the mathematician and deputy Cédric Villani, to recognize the use of geobiology pseudoscience (not to be confused with scientific geobiology) to address certain health issues in the agricultural world, despite its nature. The physicist qualified geobiology as a "charlatan network" and "a profitable business which seems to find political relays".[24]
Composition of the Parliamentary Office
editAs of October 2021:[25]
Notes and references
editNotes
edit- ^ The report: Bataille, Christian; Sido, Bruno (2011-12-15) Rapport de la mission parlementaire sur la sécurité nucléaire, la place de la filière et son avenir (in French) Retrieved 2021-10-03
- ^ Michèle Rivasi on nuclear lobying: “Nuclear energy, the need for checks and balances. Interview with Michèle Rivasi”, Hérodote , vol. 100, no. 1, 2001, pp. 109-119.
References
edit- ^ "Office OPECST - Sénat". www.senat.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ "Les jumelages entre parlementaires, membres de l'Académie des sciences et jeunes chercheurs | Programmes spécifiques | Transmettre les connaissances". www.academie-sciences.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ "Définition de Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques (OPECST)". Actu-Environnement (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ "Journal officiel de la République française. Lois et décrets. Numéro complémentaire (version papier numérisée) n° 0158 du 09/07/1983 - Texte en accès protégé". www.legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ "L'office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques". Anne Genetet (in French). 2017-10-18. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ Delvenne, Pierre (2019-06-01). "Analyse socio-institutionnelle de l'Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques (OPECST)". Histoire de la recherche contemporaine. La revue du Comité pour l'histoire du CNRS (in French) (Tome VIII-n°1): 9–18. doi:10.4000/hrc.3105. hdl:2268/232343. ISSN 2260-3875. S2CID 188915011.
- ^ Birraux, Claude (2002). "L'office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques : le politique et l'expertise scientifique". Revue française d'administration publique. 103 (3): 391–397. doi:10.3917/rfap.103.0391.
- ^ "Sept membres de l'Académie des technologies siègent au nouveau conseil scientifique de l'Opecst". www.academie-technologies.fr (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ "Les parlementaires à l'écoute des scientifiques | CNRS". www.cnrs.fr (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ "L'évaluation du plan national de gestion des matières et déchets radioactifs 2016-2018 - Sénat". www.senat.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
- ^ Claude, Birraux; Christian, Bataille; Bruno, Sido (2011). "Nuclear safety. Summary of the intermediate report of the special joint parliamentary committee on nuclear safety, present and future outlook of the nuclear industry".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Rapport d'étape de la mission parlementaire sur la sécurité nucléaire, la place de la filière et son avenir - Sénat". www.senat.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
- ^ "Rapports de l'office parlementaire des choix scientifiques et technologiques - Sénat". www.senat.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
- ^ "Opecst : une sortie précipitée du nucléaire serait contre-productive pour le développement des ENR". Actu-Environnement (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-03.
- ^ "Sécurité nucléaire : l'OPECST s'invite chez EDF" (in French). 2011-12-01.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Seuil d'émission de CO2 pour les bâtiments neufs : la proposition est loin de faire l'unanimité" (in French). 2009-12-22.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques : compte rendu de la semaine du 9 septembre 2013". www.senat.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
- ^ Basdevant, Jean-Louis (2012-03-13). Maîtriser le nucléaire: Sortir du nucléaire après Fukushima (in French). Editions Eyrolles. p. 189. ISBN 978-2-212-02981-9.
- ^ "Après Fukushima, certains pays renoncent au nucléaire, et les autres?". www.sa.areva.com. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
- ^ "L'ASN devant le Sénat : le nucléaire a besoin de prises de décisions | toutes les infos par la Revue Générale Nucléaire | SFEN". www.sfen.org. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
- ^ Nouzille, Vincent; Constanty, Hélène (2006-10-04). Députés sous influences: Le vrai pouvoir des lobbies à l'Assemblée nationale (in French). Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-64775-3.
- ^ "Assemblée nationale - conséquences du stockage des déchets nucléaires sur la santé". www.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
- ^ "Le Plan national de gestion des matières et des déchets radioactifs (PNGMDR) / Le cadre réglementaire / La gestion des déchets radioactifs / Dossiers / S'informer / Accueil - ASN - Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
- ^ Point, De Sébastien (2021-07-22). "Des parlementaires à l'école des sorciers". European Scientist (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-06.
- ^ "Composition de l'office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques au 6 octobre 2021 (tableau) - Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques - Assemblée nationale". www2.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 2021-10-06.