The Nisshinkan (Nisshin-kan) (Japanese: 日新館), located in Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan, was the Aizu clan's official domain school (hankō).[1][2] Established in 1801[1] and completed in 1803, It was created to educate the sons of high-ranking Samurai.[3] The school's textbook, Nisshinkan dōjikun (Nisshinkan School Injunctions) written by daimyo lord Matsudaira Katanobu in 1803 was read by the students in class and given to the Aizu Samurai's families which allowed girls to be taught from it as well.[1]
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History edit
Aizu hankō Nisshinkan, which takes its name from the term “virtue daily renewed (Japanese: 徳日新) in the Book of Documents,[1] was built as part of The fifth daimyo, lord Matsudaira Katanobu (1744–1805), Aizu domain reform.[4] Construction on the school began in 1798. Most of the funding to build the school was provided by a wealthy kimono merchant. The construction was a community effort. Scholars, students, officials, and other community members worked side by side during the five-years it took to complete.[5][6]: p.415 It was located on the west side of Tsurugajo Castle.[2]
Once completed, the campus had an observatory, an area for horseback riding, indoor and outdoor shooting ranges, large and small halls to practice fencing, spear fighting, and man to man combat with and without weapons, a swimming pool, the first in Japan, which they used to practice swimming with and without armor and classrooms.[7]
The school mandate, "to prepare boys for future careers serving Aizu as samurai-administrators", is contained in the Book of Documents. Enrollment remained constant. at around 1000 students, from the time it opened in 1801 until the Bosnian war in 1968.[1]
Destruction edit
Six years after the Boshin War, which was in 1868, Nisshinkan was burned down.[2]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi. "Nisshinkan Dojikun". Japanese Historical Text initiative at the University of California at Japanese historical text Initiative at BerkeleyI. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ a b c "Detours in japan: 19th-century aizu school's stern moral lessons". The Japan News. 7 March 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ Goro, Shiba (August 1999). "Introduction". In Mahita, Ishimitsu (ed.). Remembering Aizu: The Testament of Shiba Goro. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 1–24. ISBN 9780824845735. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ Kiyota, Minoru (2002). The Shambhala guide to Kendo. United Kingdom: Shambhala. pp. 125–126. ISBN 1570629277. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "HISTORY - The Nisshinkan School and Rules for Samurai Children". SAMURAI CITY AIZUWAKAMATSU. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ Koike, Kenji (July 1940). "Nisshinkan. Eine Daimyatsschule der Tokugawazeit". Monumenta Nipponica. 3 (2): 414–426. doi:10.2307/2382589. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
- ^ Ratti, Oscar; Westbrook, Adelle (2011). Secrets of the Samurai The Martial Arts of Feudal Japan. United States: Tuttle Publishing. pp. 144–145. ISBN 9781462902545. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
External links edit
- Official Website(in Japanese)
- Browse or search Nisshinkan Dojikun (in Japanese with English translation and commentary by Dr. Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, Department of History, York University, Toronto)
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