Nick M. Haddad is an ecologist and conservation biologist at Michigan State University. He is a professor at the Kellogg Biological Station and in the Department of Integrative Biology, and a member of the Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program.[1][2][3] Haddad is also the co-Director of the Long Term Ecological Research site at the Kellogg Biological Station (KBS LTER).[4]
Education and career
editIn 1981, Haddad earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology at Stanford University, where he conducted ecological research on birds with Tom Sisk, Gretchen Daily, and Paul Ehrlich.[5] In 1997, he obtained a Ph.D. in Ecology from the University of Georgia, working under the guidance of Ron Pulliam.[5][6] His dissertation was titled “Do corridors influence butterfly dispersal and density? A landscape experiment.”[7] He did postdoctoral researcher with David Tilman from 1997–1999, where he studied the effects of plant diversity on the diversity and abundance of insects.[6]
Since 2017, Haddad has been a professor at Michigan State University, where he works at the Kellogg Biological Station and is the co-Director of the KBS LTER project.[1][4] The KBS LTER project was established in 1988 to study how ecological processes and sustainable agricultural practices can be used to manage row-crop agriculture for both yield and the environment.[4][8] Before moving to Michigan State University, Haddad was the William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor in Applied Ecology at North Carolina State University, having joined the faculty there in 1999.[6][9] There, he also served as the University Director of the Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center.[10]
Haddad has served on the boards of directors of several local and regional conservation organizations, including the Sandhills Ecological Institute.[11]
Research
editLandscape conservation
editIn 1994, Haddad worked with the US Forest Service at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina to create a large experiment to test the ecological effects of landscape corridors, one that has continued for many years.[9] Haddad and his collaborators have shown that corridors increase the dispersal of butterflies and other insects, plants, small mammals, and other organisms.[12] The experiment has shown that, relative to isolated fragments, corridors increase plant diversity.[13] Sharon Collinge, now at the University of Arizona, said: “This is really the first to demonstrate this so clearly”—that corridors work—“for an experiment at this spatial scale and this temporal scale.”[14]
Haddad worked with others who lead long-term experiments to show that across habitat fragmentation reduces biodiversity, and extinctions continue over decades.[12] Writing in The New Yorker, Michelle Nijhuis writes: “no matter the ecosystem—forest, prairie, patch of moss—the effects of habitat fragmentation are ruinous.”[15] In the same study, Haddad and collaborators showed that the world’s forests today are highly fragmented, with 20% within 100 meters of the forest edge.[12] Edge effects penetrate far into forests and have negative effects on biodiversity.[16] As observed by David Edwards, “These patches thus fail to maintain viable populations, which over time are doomed—an ‘extinction debt’ yet to be paid.”[16]
In 2013, Haddad created a web portal, Conservation Corridor, to communicate scientific results on corridors and habitat fragmentation to conservationists.[17]
Butterfly conservation
editIn his 2019 book, “The Last Butterflies: a Scientists Quest to Save a Rare and Vanishing Creature,” Haddad recounts his and other studies of six of the world’s rarest butterflies, including the St. Francis’ satyr, the crystal skipper, the Miami blue, and Bartram’s scrub hairstreak butterflies.[18] He describes the threats to their survival and the science that informs the potential for their recovery, noting that butterfly conservation efforts begin too late, when a species is already on the precipice of extinction. Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich writes: “Haddad's riveting stories reveal the reason for such fates, including discoveries that will direct the future of butterfly and insect conservation for decades to come.”[19]
Haddad’s research has also shown how disturbances can be key to maintaining populations of rare butterflies.[20] On Radiolab, he described the irony of how fires set on an army artillery range are critical to the maintenance of a rare species, St. Francis’ satyr, that occurs only there.[21] In collaboration with the John Ball Zoo, Haddad’s lab maintains captive populations of Poweshiek skipperling and Mitchell’s satyr butterflies, to provide individuals for release into new restoration sites.[22][23]
Haddad has also studied broader trajectories of insect decline, including of common species. In studies of records accumulated by practicing and community scientists over 21 years across the state of Ohio, his lab found that butterfly abundances declined by about 2% per year, or 33% in total over the course of the study.[24]
Awards and honors
editIn 2017, Haddad was named a Fellow of the Ecological Society of America for his “pioneering experimental tests of habitat fragmentation and conservation corridors.”[9] He has been an Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow since 2008.[6] In 2003, Haddad and co-authors received the “Outstanding Paper Award” from the International Association of Landscape Ecology for their paper on landscape corridors and habitat fragmentation.[25][26]
References
edit- ^ a b "Faculty". W.K. Kellogg Biological Station.
- ^ "Integrative Biology Directory". MSU College of Natural Science.
- ^ "Core Faculty". MSU Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior.
- ^ a b c "KBS Long-term Ecological Research". Kellogg Biological Station.
- ^ a b Sridhar, Hari (August 17, 2020). "Revisiting Haddad et al. 2003". Reflections on Papers Past / Revisiting old papers in ecology and evolution through interviews with their authors.
- ^ a b c d "Dr. Nick M. Haddad – Vice President". Sandhills Ecological Institute. 24 January 2017.
- ^ Haddad, NM (1997). "Do corridors influence butterfly dispersal and density? A landscape experiment". ProQuest. ProQuest 304341840.
- ^ Hamilton, SK, ed. (2015). The ecology of agricultural landscapes: Long-term research on the path to sustainability (PDF). Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c "Haddad Named Fellow of Ecological Society of America". NCSU CALS News. 6 February 2017.
- ^ "The SE Climate Science Center Welcomes New University Director, Nick Haddad". NCSU / Southeast Climate Science Center. August 16, 2016.
- ^ "Board of Directors". Sandhills Ecological Institute.
- ^ a b c Haddad, NM; et al. (20 March 2015). "Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth's ecosystems". Science Advances. 1 (2): e1500052. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0052H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500052. PMC 4643828.
- ^ Damschen, EI; et al. (27 Sep 2019). "Ongoing accumulation of plant diversity through habitat connectivity in an 18-year experiment". Science. 365 (6460): 1478–1480. Bibcode:2019Sci...365.1478D. doi:10.1126/science.aax8992.
- ^ Guarino, B (September 26, 2019). "Connecting fractured habitats has long-lasting ecological benefits, study finds". The Washington Post.
- ^ Nijhuis, M (March 20, 2015). "What Roads Have Wrought". The New Yorker.
- ^ a b Edwards, David (March 20, 2015). "World's forests are fragmenting into tiny patches – risking mass extinctions". The Conversation.
- ^ "About Nick Haddad". Conservation Corridor.
- ^ Haddad, NM (2019). The Last Butterflies: A Scientist's Quest to Save a Rare and Vanishing Creature. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691165004.
- ^ Ehrlich, PR (25 June 2019). More Praise for The Last Butterflies. Princeton University Press. (Directly after cover in available sample). ISBN 978-0691165004.
- ^ Borenstein, S (Nov 18, 2019). "Butterfly on a bomb range: Endangered Species Act at work". AP.
- ^ "Of Bombs and Butterflies". Radiolab. Oct 15, 2021.
- ^ "Life on the Brink". John Ball Zoo.
- ^ "Conservation Efforts for Two Endangered Butterflies: Poweshiek Skipperling & Mitchell's Satyr". YouTube / New Jersey Butterfly Club. 4 April 2024.
- ^ Wepprich, T; Adrion, JR; Ries, L; Wiedmann, J; Haddad, NM (July 9, 2019). "Butterfly abundance declines over 20 years of systematic monitoring in Ohio, USA". PLOS ONE. 14 (7): e0216270. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416270W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216270. PMID 31287815.
- ^ Tewksbury, JJ; Levey, DJ; Haddad, NM; et al. (September 18, 2002). "Corridors affect plants, animals, and their interactions in fragmented landscapes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 99 (20): 12923–12926. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9912923T. doi:10.1073/pnas.202242699. PMC 130561. PMID 12239344.
- ^ "Awards Recognizing Excellence / Outstanding Paper Award". International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE–North America).