The National War Dog Cemetery is a memorial to war dogs located at Naval Base Guam. The cemetery honors the dogs—mostly Doberman Pinschers—that were killed in service with the United States Marine Corps during the Second Battle of Guam in 1944.
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History
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The island of Guam, an American territory since 1898, was captured by Japanese forces on December 10, 1941, in the first days of the U.S. entry into World War II. Guam was held by the Japanese for two and a half years, until U.S. Marines landed to retake the island in July 1944. Along with them were the 2nd and 3rd War Dog Platoons, used as sentries and scouts in over 450 patrols.[1][2] They explored the island's cave system, detected land mines and booby traps, and guarded sleeping Marines.
In the most famous incident, a Doberman named Kurt, per "Always Faithful: A Memoir of the Marine Dogs of WWIby William W. Putney, saved the lives of 250 Marines when he warned them of a massive Japanese force ahead. Kurt was badly injured in the ensuing mortar attack, along with his handler, PFC Allen Jacobson, who is said to have refused treatment until Kurt had been evacuated.[3] Kurt became the first of the war dogs to be killed in action on Guam.Of the 60 Marine war dogs that landed on Guam, 25 died there and 20 more were wounded.[4][5]
Monument
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As the dogs died over the course of the battle, they were buried along with other Marines at Asan, the initial landing point of the invasion. White headstones were added later, forming a small plot in the cemetery. The human remains were eventually returned to the United States, and by the 1980s the dogs' graves had been largely forgotten and were overgrown with weeds.[6] William Putney, who had served as the commanding officer of the 3rd War Dog Platoon, lobbied for the creation of a memorial to the dogs and with the aid of the United Doberman Club, raised funds for the monument. The monument was unveiled at the Pentagon in June 1994 and became the first official war dog monument in the U.S. The remains and markers were moved to a new cemetery on the naval base in June 1994 created by a Seabee detachment from NMCB 1.The memorial was dedicated on July 21, 1994, the 50th anniversary of the battle.[7]
The sculpture atop the memorial depicts the famous Doberman, Kurt. Entitled "Always Faithful", in reference to the Marine Corps' own motto, Semper Fidelis, it was created by California sculptor Susan Bahary.[2][8][9]
Other memorials
Fort Benning has a memorial to war dogs at the National Infantry Museum, installed in 2004. An identical sculpture is at March Air Force Base in Riverside, California.[10]
Other life-size castings of the Guam memorial were installed at the following locations:
- 1998 — University of Tennessee's College of Veterinary Medicine[2][11]
- 2001 — Alfred M. Gray Marine Corps Research Center, the university and conference center for the Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia[11]
- 2005 — Centennial Garden at Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn Alabama[11]
- AKC Museum of the Dog in St. Louis, Missouri[11]
John Burnam, a dog handler during the Vietnam War, successfully raised funds for the Military Working Dog Teams National Monument at Lackland Air Force Base, where military dogs have been trained since 1958.[12]
References
- ^ Oscar Johnson (January 9, 2011). "Memorial tells rarely heard old war stories". Stripes Guam. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
- ^ a b c "War Dog Memorial".
- ^ ""Always Faithful" Military Working Dog Monument Donated To Marine Corps Heritage Foundation".
- ^ Nigel Allsopp. Cry Havoc. ISBN 1921655860.
- ^ Cyril J. O'Brien. "Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam". National Park Service.
- ^ "War Dogs of Guam". New York Times. December 2, 2011.
- ^ "War Dogs". National Park Service.
- ^ Nigel Cawthorne (2012). Canine Commandos: The Heroism, Devotion, and Sacrifice of Dogs in War. p. 155. ISBN 1612430554.
- ^ "Always Faithful".
- ^ "War Dog Memorial". Archived from the original on 2008-03-15. Retrieved 2013-09-11.
- ^ a b c d "Always Faithful". Bahary Studios. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
- ^ John Lindblom (March 26, 2013). "The Dogs of War: California Sculptor Works on National Monument Commemorating Service of Military Dogs". Today Media Network. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2013.