Wikipedia

Monte Merrick

Monte L. Merrick (October 6, 1949 - March 24, 2015) was a screenwriter, playwright and novelist most notable for his long career in theatre and his feature film screenplays, including 1990's Memphis Belle.[1][2][3]

Monte Merrick
BornOctober 6, 1949
Portland, Oregon
DiedMarch 24, 2015(2015-03-24) (aged 65)
Santa Monica, California
OccupationWriter
Alma materLewis & Clark College, University of Colorado Boulder
Notable worksMemphis Belle, A Hell of a Town

"My plays are always rooted in reality with real characters because that's what I'm interested in," Merrick told the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle in 1984. "It's not social issues. It's human values and human relationships."[4]

Early life edit

Born in Portland, Oregon to Arthur P. and Pearl Merrick, he was one of five children. He attended Lewis & Clark College in Portland and later earned a master's degree in theatre from the University of Colorado Boulder.[5]

Career edit

1973-1982: Early Success in Theatre edit

Merrick originally intended to be an actor, performing in college and community theatre productions such as Hail Scrawdyke, Two Gentlemen of Verona and You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown.[6][7][8] He changed directions when his senior thesis at Lewis & Clark College resulted in Little Pieces, a show of three one-act plays, premiering in March 1971, with Markie Post and Timothy Cole. The show was produced again in 1973.[9][10] The script won Merrick a Shubert Fellowship to study playwriting at the University of Colorado.[11]

In 1974, Falling Apart was workshopped at the tenth annual National Playwrights Conference at the O'Neill Center in Waterford, Connecticut. The two-act play dramatized the tumultuous 1960s and the events therein, when six friends gathered on New Year's Eve in 1970 to reflect upon the previous decade. Merrick, 24 at the time, told the The Day of New London Connecticut that he was utilizing his time at the conference to connect with professional theatre artists.[12] Falling Apart was subsequently produced at the Cubiculo Theatre in New York City, directed by John Henry Davis and starring James Alexander, Jo Anne Belanger, Mark Blankfield and Brandis Kemp and Tina Sattin. "Merrick evidently has nothing to say about his rich subject matter," according to one critic.[13] "Falling Apart is just about the easiest play to write," said critic Mel Gussow, "a collage of events in recent history, interposed with small scenes in everyday life. But easy can be hard if you don't know what you're doing and why you're doing it."[14][15] Despite mixed reviews in New York, Falling Apart was produced numerous times and with more favorable reviews, including at the Slabtown Stop Theatre in Portland, Oregon in 1975, directed by and co-starring the author. The Portland cast included Bill Deane, Jacqueline Fowler, Sherrideth Iron, Chrisse Roccaro and Richard Storm. "The play is filled with laughter, but with a great deal of thought-provoking material...In a few words, it is a fine evening of theater,"- The Oregon Journal. The New Theatre in Sydney, Australia produced the play in 1976, directed by Brian Syron.[16][17][18][19]

By 1975, Merrick had earned his master's degree in theatre and was working as a substitute teacher while living in Portland, where he acted in local productions as his plays were being produced in the area. Interviewed that January, he told The Oregonian that he "writes comedies because they are easier" but noted that "Even my comedies have serious intent. "My serious plays always have comedy in them, though it's often some pretty black comedy."[20]

Children, the story of three girls, one of whom collects a scrapbook of obituaries, was performed by the Portland State University Players in February 1975. In March, Big City won the Charles MacArthur Playwriting Award. It was produced at Florida State University that June, directed by Mark Berman. It starred Matthew Cutugno, Caris Corfman, Winnie Boone and Gene Densmore.[21][22] Also in June was the production of Merrick's Hidden Motives as part of a double bill with Tom Stoppard's The Real Inspector Hound at Portland Civic Theatre.[23] The Portland Civic board awarded Merrick the Julius Zell Perpetual Trophy, a prestigious award for local playwrights, for his writing of Hidden Motives. The play, a spoof on Agatha Christie mysteries, ran June 5–29 and was well received. "..a funny skitlike parody of whodunits consisting almost entirely of accusations by a stuffy sleuth nicely done by Michael Hopkins," said critic Ted Mahar.[24][25][26][27][28]

In 1978, after a year of living in Los Angeles, Merrick moved to New York. He became associated with Lexington Conservatory Theatre in Lexington, NY. In 1978, the company produced the world premiere of his play Nurseryland starring Court Miller and directed by Peggy Scott. "A satiric but honest portrait of the American school," as Merrick described it to the Stamford Mirror Recorder. "Lexington Conservatory Theatre provides the perfect atmosphere for developing a new play."[29][30] Merrick drew upon his experience as a substitute teacher to render a dark comedy about a group of teachers rebelling against their school administration. "Profound and humorous," according to critic Dan DiNicola.[31] In December 1979, director William Rippner put out a casting call for a re-titled version of the play called The Teacher's Smoking Room, to be produced at Tyson Studios in New York City.[32]

In 1980, the Lexington company presented a workshop of his play Saturday Night Special, directed by Mary Baird. The play was subsequently produced at Direct Theatre in New York City, with Peggy Scott directing. The cast included Mary Baird, Lilene Mansell, J.R. Horne, John Robert Tillotson and Wesley John Rice, some of whom reprised their roles from the Lexington workshop.[33][34]

In 1981, A Pair of Hearts opened at Manhattan Punch Line Theatre, starring Leslie Frances Williams, Nancy Linehan Charles, Mitch McGuire and Mary Baird, directed by Steve Kaplan. "Monte Merrick has written a slick, sentimental, wryly amusing, predictable comedy about the ups and downs of two marriages as viewed over a weekend in Holiday Inn motel rooms in Seattle, San Francisco and Reno," according to the New York Daily News.[35] The play had its west coast premiere in 1983, at the Lake Oswego Community Theatre, directed by Jerry Leith with a cast that included Carolyn Tomei, John Kobasic and Dee Dee Van Zyl. "The play is lighter than light, but Merrick keeps a steady supply of Neil Simon-like one-liners and asides flowing,"—Ted Mahar, The Oregonian.[36]

That same year, Starry Night premiered with a staged reading at Lincoln Center, starring Jill Eikenberry, Toby Parker and Allan Carlsen, directed by John Henry Davis.[37] The play tells the story of a triangular relationship between a husband, his brother and his wife, disrupted by the impending birth of a child. Subsequent productions included Alley Theatre in Houston in 1985, Stage West in Fort Worth in 1987, Florida Studio Theatre in Sarasota and the Colony Theatre in Los Angeles. It also received a staged reading in June 1986, as part of the inaugural season of Stages, a new play development project of the Philadelphia Theatre Company.[38][39]

1982-1988: A Hell of a Town edit

A Hell of a Town was slated to premiere in 1982 at the Ritz Theatre, starring comedy team John Monteith and Suzanne Rand in their dramatic debut; it was ultimately cancelled due to lack of funding. The play was written for the two specifically.[40][41][42][43][44]

Interviewed in 1983, Merrick lamented the collapse of funding for the production, and hoped to eventually have a hit show. Despite seven productions of Falling Apart and numerous productions of his other plays, he made a living as a "word processor," typing documents for a law firm on Wall Street, while looking forward to his next project. "Generally, it takes about two months to do a rough draft, and then I give it to people, give it to theaters, and if all goes well, there will be a reading of the play. I'll make changes in this process, but usually not too many...after a while I just decide it's finished," he explained. "I'd rather go on to something new than keep rewriting."[45]

Merrick's career took a turn a few months later, when Geva Theatre Center in Rochester, NY took up production of A Hell of a Town as part of its season. The show premiered in January 1984 with Joanna Gleason and John Monteith, directed by Allan Carlsen. "From the first scene when one of the two characters asks, "Is it working for you?" A Hell of a Town, the brand-new comedy at GeVa, works and works and works well," said the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. "It works on your funny bone and some other places of your anatomy and most importantly, your head."[46] It played a successful two-month run there, selling out each of its 35 performances with a total attendance of 8,050, and was set to transfer to New York. At that point, it was the only Geva production to do so.[47][48]

After the play wrapped, Monteith and Gleason told the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle that they had a week off before rehearsing for the Off-Broadway run, but when the show opened at the Westside Theatre, Joanna Gleason appeared alongside Peter Riegert instead of Monteith, who had "other commitments" according to the producer.[49][50] Producer Frank Gero heard about the Rochester production from a friend and drove up to see it. Two weeks later, he announced that the show would open for previews on March 6 at the Westside. "The play begins with a blackout scene," Gero told the Daily News. "I started laughing and I didn't stop until 10 of 10, when the curtain came down. By 10:15 I had an option on the play."[51] "Mr. Merrick can write funny lines and is a crafty observer of the ups and downs of an acquisitive society," said the New York Times review, while The Home News enjoyed the production's components but objected to the trilogic structure. Newsday praised the "crisp" direction and deft performances, but criticized the darkly comic subject matter.[52] Robert Feldberg in The Record said "It starts out fine, but collapses well before the finish."[53][54][55][56] After 32 performances, A Hell of a Town closed. "The closing was one of the saddest chapters in my life," said producer Frank Gero, who observed that two weeks of sold-out previews were followed by dismal sales after the play's critical reception in the New York press. The Off-Broadway production lost $125,000.[57]

The play was produced again in 1988 at the 26th Street Theatre in Wilton Manors, Florida, starring a young Marc Kudisch alongside Andrea O'Connell, directed by Brian C. Smith. "It's a lot of fun, I can tell you that right off the bat," Kudisch told the Sun Sentinel. "This is a crazy play." Kudisch earned points toward his Equity card while performing in this show, his professional debut. "Monte Merrick attempts the flip manner of playwright Murray Schisgal in some respects but lacks Schisgal's ability to make consistently good sport of urban Angst or yuppie hang-ups," said critic Jack Zink. "People who value things like reality should avoid A Hell of a Town," quipped The Miami Herald.[58][59][60]

Merrick's next play Pride and Joy was workshopped at Sundance Institute in 1985, where it was directed by Len Berkman with actors Margo Martindale, Didi Conn, Ethan Phillips and fellow Lexington alumni Cotter Smith.[61] It was produced at Theatre 40 in Beverly Hills in 1987, starring Krisann Keane, Will Nye, Viveca Parker and J. David Krassner, directed by John Henry Davis. A "dark and funny satire," according to critic Pam Linn, with "a near-perfect cast."[62][63]

1989-2014: Screenwriting Success and Return to Playwriting edit

In 1987, production began on Merrick's first screenplay credit. Originally titled Boy's Life, the feature film was directed by Lee Grant and featured a cast that included Sean Astin, Stockard Channing and Dermot Mulroney. It was released as Staying Together in 1989, to positive reviews but underwhelming ticket sales.[64]

The following year, producer David Puttnam chose Merrick as the screenwriter for 1990's Memphis Belle, on the strength of a previous script. Puttnam appreciated that Merrick had successfully rendered an ensemble of characters with their own identities.[65] The film was successful and garnered mostly positive reviews, though some critics noted that it was not strictly historically accurate.[66] Merrick wrote a novelization of the script, published by Penguin Books the same year.

In 1993, Merrick's first original novel Shelter was published by Hyperion .

1997 saw the debut of Merrick's adaptation of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist, starring Richard Dreyfus as Fagin (in a rare TV role) and Elijah Wood as Artful Dodger, directed by Tony Bill.[67] Intended as a feature film under executive producer Laurence Mark, the production stalled and subsequently was picked up by Disney to be part of the 1997 relaunch of The Wonderful World of Disney.[68] The broadcast was well received by critics. The writing was praised as "intelligent and not the least bit condescending," by the The Seatle Post-Intelligencer.[69]

In 2004, Merrick returned to theatre with Cat Feet, the story of a female poet grappling with Alzheimer's. A reading in New York featured Barbara Barrie, Christine Ebersole, Martha Plimpton and Bobby Cannavale, while in Los Angeles a reading starred Cloris Leachman and Mel Harris. The Northlight Theatre in Chicago produced the world premiere in October 2004. ""Cat Feet" is like the fog of the Carl Sandburg poem referenced in Merrick's title. It comes, it goes. A few laughs, a moist dab of pathos or two, and it's 10:08 and you're back in the car," according to the Chicago Tribune.[70][71]

The Boy Who Saw Baby Doll received a reading at the 45th Street Theatre in NYC in January 2007, starring Joanna Gleason and Chris Sarandon, while Need was read at the Dramatists Guild in New York, directed by John Henry Davis.[72]

First Casualty premiered at The Hormel New Works Festival at the Phoenix Theatre, Phoenix, Arizona, in July 2012. The staged reading was directed by William Partlan. Its cast included Paul Duran, Angelica Howland and Marshall Glass. "Despite its serious subject matter, “First Casualty” is authentically funny. And it's perfectly paced thanks to Partlan's exquisite use of silence and pause," said writer Lynn Trimble.[73] "One of my biggest influences in writing was Neil Simon," Merrick said in an interview during the rehearsal period. "Although this is far from a Neil Simon play, I always infuse any dramatic situation with humor. Because that's life."[74]

A reading of Open Heart inaugurated the Sedona New Play Festival at the Canyon Moon Theatre in Sedona, Arizona in 2013.[75]

Merrick's final theatre work was a workshop of Rain! the Musical, with a book by Merrick and music and lyrics by college friend Richard Moore. It premiered at Portland's Fertile Ground Festival in February 2013, directed by Louanne Moldovan.[76]

In 2014, the film Skating to New York was released. Directed by Charles Minsky, it starred Connor Jessup, Wesley Morgan and Gage Munroe. It was Merrick's final screenplay.[77][78]

Death edit

Merrick died of cancer in Santa Monica, California on March 24, 2015.

Credits edit

Screenplays edit

Plays edit

  • Little Pieces (1973)
  • Falling Apart (1974)
  • Hidden Motives (1975)
  • Children (1975)
  • Tuesday's Episode (1975)[79]
  • Big City (1975)
  • Nurseryland (1978)
  • Saturday Night Special (1980)
  • A Pair of Hearts (1981)
  • Starry Night (1983)
  • Catch the Wind (1983)[80]
  • A Hell of a Town (1984)
  • Open Heart
  • Pride and Joy (1985)
  • Cat Feet (2004)
  • Need (2005)
  • The Boy Who Saw Baby Doll (2007)
  • First Casualty (2012)
  • Rain! The Musical (2013) Book by Monte Merrick, music and lyrics by Richard Moore

Novels edit

  • Memphis Belle (1990)
  • Shelter (1993)
  • The Merlin Pool (2012)
  • The Crimson Vortex (2013)

References edit

  1. ^ Dagan, Carmel. "Monte Merrick Dies; Writer Penned 1990 film 'Memphis Belle'". Variety. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  2. ^ "Monte Merrick, Screenwriter on 'Memphis Belle,' Dies at 65". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  3. ^ "Bio: Monte Merrick". Emmys.com. Television Academy. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  4. ^ Palmer, Robert V. (January 15, 1984). "Playing for laughs as neutron bomb hits New York City". Democrat and Chronicle.
  5. ^ "Obituary: Monte Merrick". Los Angeles Times. April 10, 2015.
  6. ^ "Laugh duo to close". The Oregon Journal. November 3, 1972.
  7. ^ "Oswego sets special play". The Oregon Journal. March 20, 1969.
  8. ^ Durroch, Marcia (July 18, 1973). "'Professional' Dramas at Mitchell Refreshing". Corvallis Gazette Times.
  9. ^ "Play to Premiere". The Oregon Journal. February 25, 1971.
  10. ^ "Students to direct 10 plays at UofO". Eugene Register-Guard. April 29, 1973. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  11. ^ Palmer, Robert V. (January 15, 1984). "Playing for laughs as neutron bomb hits New York City". Democrat and Chronicle.
  12. ^ "New Play Offered at O'Neill". The Day. July 30, 1974.
  13. ^ Popkin, Henry (November 15, 1974). "O'Neill series spotty". The Herald Statesman.
  14. ^ "Briefs on the Arts". New York Times. October 29, 1974. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  15. ^ Gussow, Mel (November 19, 1974). "Stage: Two by O'Neill Center Writers". New York Times. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  16. ^ Hunt, Phil (April 12, 1975). "'Falling Apart' Fine Theater at Slabtown". The Oregon Journal.
  17. ^ "'Falling Apart' Premiere set Friday at Slabtown". The Oregon Journal. April 8, 1975.
  18. ^ Mahar, Ted (April 19, 1975). "Merrick's satire of 60s offers a variety of roles". The Oregonian.
  19. ^ "Production History" (PDF). New Theatre History. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  20. ^ Mahar, Ted (January 30, 1975). "Portland actor-playwright writes his comedies with serious intent". The Oregonian.
  21. ^ "Briefs on the Arts: Monte Merrick Gets Drama Prize". New York Times. March 26, 1975.
  22. ^ Playbill: Big City. University of Florida George A Smathers Libraries: Florida State University Studio Theatre. 1975.
  23. ^ Mahar, Ted (April 9, 1975). "It's 'Falling Apart' - Slabtown bills prize winning play". The Oregonian.
  24. ^ Mahar, Ted (June 13, 1975). "Whodunit double feature playing at Civic Theater". The Oregonian.
  25. ^ Marks, Arnold (April 30, 1976). "Portland Jeweler Loved Theater". The Oregon Journal.
  26. ^ McConnell, Pete (June 7, 1975). "Laughter Sparks Civic's 'Hound,' "Hidden Motives". The Oregon Journal.
  27. ^ "1 Duo PCT Fare". The Oregon Journal. June 3, 1975.
  28. ^ "Playwright wins trophy". The Oregon Journal. May 20, 1975.
  29. ^ "World premiere set by Lexington". Poughkeepsie Journal. July 7, 1978.
  30. ^ "New Comedy at LCT". Stamford Mirror-Recorder. August 9, 1978.
  31. ^ DiNicola, Dan (August 16, 1978). "Lexington 'Nurseryland' profound, humorous". The Daily Gazette. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  32. ^ Zakariasen, Bill (December 26, 1979). "A smoke filled stage". New York Daily News.
  33. ^ "Direct Theater presents a world premiere of Saturday Night Special". About the Artists. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  34. ^ Palmer, Robert V. (January 15, 1984). "Playing for laughs as neutron bomb hits New York City". Democrat and Chronicle.
  35. ^ Watt, Douglas (June 1, 1981). "Predictable--and enjoyable--comedy". Daily News.
  36. ^ Mahar, Ted (October 8, 1983). "'Hearts' funny, nicely acted, well worth seeing". The Oregonian.
  37. ^ Guernsey, Otis L. (1981). The Best Plays of 1980-1981. Dodd, Mead. p. 427. ISBN 9780396080121. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  38. ^ Nelson, Nels (June 23, 1986). "'Stages': First of 4 Plays-in-Progress Arrives". Philadelphia Daily News.
  39. ^ Stewart, Perry (February 16, 1987). "FW stages are offering old and new". Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
  40. ^ Johnson, Holly (October 20, 1982). "Oregonians get bite of success in Big Apple". The Oregonian.
  41. ^ Nelsen, Don (September 2, 1982). "First B'way Play for Comedy Team". Daily News.
  42. ^ Palmer, Robert V. (January 15, 1984). "Playing for laughs as neutron bomb hits New York City". Democrat and Chronicle.
  43. ^ Lawson, Carol (September 17, 1982). "BROADWAY; Matalon, juggling 2 shows, is working on tight schedule". New York Times.
  44. ^ Currie, Glenne (October 4, 1982). "'Cats' Kicks Off Broadway Season". Bennington Banner. UPI.
  45. ^ Mahar, Ted (October 19, 1983). "Ex-Oregonian playwright Merrick developing work in stages". The Oregonian.
  46. ^ Miles Watts, Sarah (January 23, 1984). "GeVa's hilarious comedy about survival of the unfittest". Democrat and Chronicle.
  47. ^ "'A Hell of a Town' closes". Democrat and Chronicle. April 14, 1984.
  48. ^ Miles Watts, Sarah (February 19, 1984). "Theater Lines: 'A Hell of a Town' took town by storm with overflowing hall". Democrat and Chronicle.
  49. ^ Miles Watts, Sarah (February 26, 1984). "The out of towners at GeVa remember the all-night diners". Democrat and Chronicle.
  50. ^ Miles Watts, Sarah (March 11, 1984). "Theater Lines". Democrat and Chronicle.
  51. ^ Nelsen, Don (February 15, 1984). "Theater Notes". Daily News.
  52. ^ Wallach, Allan (March 28, 1984). "Fallout wipes out the fun". Newsday.
  53. ^ Feldberg, Robert (March 28, 1984). "'Hell of a Town' goes up in smoke". The Record.
  54. ^ Albrecht, Ernest (March 30, 1984). "3 good shorts don't mesh as one play". The Home News.
  55. ^ Gussow, Mel (March 30, 1984). "Theater: New York Is Ended". New York Times.
  56. ^ Simon, John (April 9, 1984). "Salesmen Go, Salesmen Come". New York Magazine. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  57. ^ "'A Hell of a Town' closes". Democrat and Chronicle. April 14, 1984.
  58. ^ Zink, Jack (August 18, 1988). "ACTORS' CHEMISTRY HEATS UP COMEDY". Sun Sentinel.
  59. ^ Jack, Carolyn (August 12, 1988). "DEALING WITH A BOMB IS PART OF ROLE FOR ACTOR TURNING PRO". Sun Sentinel.
  60. ^ Arnold, Christine (August 15, 1988). "A Hell of a Town at Off Broadway". The Miami Herald.
  61. ^ Berkman, Len (2002). Theatre in Crisis? Performance Manifestos for a New Century. "More Enterprise in Walking Naked". Manchester University Press. pp. 89–92. ISBN 9780719062919. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  62. ^ Koehler, Robert (November 20, 1987). "'Pride and Joy' at Theatre 40 / 'Ezra Pound' at Company of Angels 'Diary of a Scoundrel' at West Coast Ensemble / 'Brothers' at ICCC". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  63. ^ Linn, Pam (November 22, 1987). "'Pride and Joy' pokes fun at trendy solutions". The Enterprise.
  64. ^ "Boys life shooting set for October date". The Herald Independent. August 20, 1987. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  65. ^ Puttnam, David (2006). The Movie Business Book - "The Producer". Simon & Schuster. p. 16. ISBN 9780335220021. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  66. ^ Edwardson, Mickie (October 17, 1990). "Fly-boy epic is tense, but not exactly real". The Gainesville Sun. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  67. ^ King, Susan (November 16, 1997). "More Dickens, Please?; DISNEY'S 'WONDERFUL WORLD' ENCOMPASSES THE ORPHAN STORY AND STARS RICHARD DREYFUSS". Los Angeles Times.
  68. ^ King, Susan (November 16, 1997). "More Dickens, Please?; DISNEY'S 'WONDERFUL WORLD' ENCOMPASSES THE ORPHAN STORY AND STARS RICHARD DREYFUSS". Los Angeles Times.
  69. ^ Levesque, John (November 15, 1997). "Oliver takes a nice twist". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  70. ^ Jones, Kenneth. "Northlight's Cat Feet Chronicles a Family Headed by a Poet; Casting for World Premiere Announced". Playbill.com. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  71. ^ Phillips, Michael (October 16, 2004). "'Cat Feet' leaves you wishing for a bit more". Chicago Tribune.
  72. ^ "a staged reading of The Boy Who Saw Baby Doll". About the Artists. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  73. ^ Trimble, Lynn. "Casualties of love and war". Stage Mom Musings. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  74. ^ "The Hormel New Works Festival: First Casualty". youtube interview. Phoenix Theatre Company. July 12, 2012.
  75. ^ Gripman, Abbie (January 3, 2013). "Sedona theater to host first-ever New Play Festival". Arizona Daily Sun.
  76. ^ "The Making of A Musical, Tribute To Portland". Arts Seen and Heard podcast. Apple. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  77. ^ Gold, Daniel M. (December 11, 2014). "A Coming-of-Age Tale on Ice". New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  78. ^ "'Skating to New York': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. December 12, 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  79. ^ Playbill: Big City. University of Florida George A Smathers Libraries: Florida State University Studio Theatre. 1975.
  80. ^ "ARTS WEEK BRINGS ARRAY OF FREE EVENTS". Philadelphia Enquirer. November 6, 1983.
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