Masopust (feminine Masopustová) is a Czech surname (meaning carnival), it may refer to:
- Masopust, the Slavic carnival
- Josef Masopust (1931–2015), Czech footballer
- Karel Masopust (1942–2019), Czech ice hockey player
- Lukáš Masopust (born 1993), Czech footballer
- Miloslav Masopust, Czech general