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List of mammals of Borneo

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The mammal species of Borneo include 288 species of terrestrial and 91 species of marine mammals recorded within the territorial boundaries of Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. The terrestrial mammals are dominated by the chiroptera (102 species of bats) and rodents (61 species of rats and mice).

Introduction edit

The high diversity and endemicity of mammals is related to the many niches found in the tropical rain forest of Borneo and past Pleistocene events within the Sundaland region. During interglacial and post-glacial periods, there was migration of animal from the Asian mainland into Borneo and into Sulawesi via the Philippines. Due to lack of favourable habitats and small founder population, some species of animals have become extinct and others have radiated into endemic species. Of the 57 mammal species that were identified from archaeological remains in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 13 were bats. Four of these were megachiropterans, Pteropus vampyrus, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Rousettus sp and Eonycteris spelaea, all of which remain extant species in Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. The provisional list of mammals of Borneo (sensu Lord Medway, Payne et al., Corbet and Hill, Koopman, and Wilson and Reeder) are listed below. There are various conflicts in the taxonomic lists by previous authors, which need further field research for validation.

Taxonomic list edit

The following list gives the scientific name followed by the common names, description, ecology, conservation and distribution information.

Order: Erinaceomorpha edit

  • Echinosorex gymnura, moonrat. Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
  • Hylomys dorsalis, Bornean short-tailed gymnure. Restricted to Bornean mountains.

Order: Soricomorpha edit

  • Suncus murinus, house shrew. Africa, Asia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
  • Suncus ater, black shrew. Endemic to Borneo; known only from Gunung Kinabalu
  • Suncus etruscus, Savi's pigmy shrew. Europe, Africa, Asia; Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak.
  • Crocidura monticola, Sunda shrew. Java, Lombok, Sumba and Flores; Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
  • Crocidura fuliginosa, south-east Asia white-toothed shrew. India, Indochina, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
  • Chimarrogale himalayica, Himalayan water shrew. Himalaya, south China, Southeast Asia, Japan, Sumatra and Sabah.

Order: Scandentia edit

Order: Dermoptera edit

Order: Chiroptera edit

 
Large-sized Cynopterus brachyotis
 
Rhinolophus arcuatus is rare in Borneo
 
Hipposideros ridleyi, also known as Ridley's roundleaf

Order: Primates edit

 
The western tarsier in Sarawak is a protected species

Order: Pholidota edit

Order: Rodentia edit

 
Niviventer cremoriventer in Borneo
 
Maxomys surifer

Order: Cetacea edit

Order: Carnivora edit

Order: Sirenia edit

Order: Proboscidea edit

Order: Perissodactyla edit

  • Bornean rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni. One individual found in eastern Kalimantan in 2016.

Order: Artiodactyla edit

Extinct edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Loken, B.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Catopuma badia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4037A112910221.
  2. ^ a b Jeffers, K. A.; Adul; Cheyne, S. M. (2019). "Small cat surveys: 10 years of data from Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11 (4): 13478–13491. doi:10.11609/jott.4466.11.4.13478-13491.
  3. ^ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Datta, A.; Hearn, A.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Singh, P.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Pardofelis marmorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16218A97164299.
  4. ^ Wilting, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Lynam, A.; Mathai, J.; McCarthy, J.; Meijaard, E.; Mohamed, A.; Ross, J.; Sunarto, S. & Traeholt, C. (2015). "Prionailurus planiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18148A50662095.
  5. ^ Gardner, P.; Hedges, S.; Pudyatmoko, S.; Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J. (2016). "Bos javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2888A46362970. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2888A46362970.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of endangered.
  6. ^ Medway, L. (1977). "The Niah Excavations and an Assessment of the Impact of Early Man on Mammals in Borneo" (PDF). Asian Perspectives. 20 (1): 51–69.
  7. ^ Medway, L. (1977). Mammals of Borneo: field keys and an annotated checklist. Vol. 7. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
  8. ^ Meijaard, E. (1999). "The Bornean Tiger; Speculation on its existence". Cat News (30): 12–15.

External links edit

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