The M34 cluster bomb was the first mass-produced United States Army weapon meant to deliver the chemical agent sarin (GB). A large stockpile of M34s was destroyed between 1973 and 1976.
History
editAs the United States Army Chemical Corps focused its efforts on the weaponization of sarin nerve agent (GB) during the 1950s the M34 cluster bomb was the first such weapon mass-produced by the Army.[1] The weapon was the United States' first major nerve agent weapon after World War II.[1]
Specifications
editThe M34 had a diameter of 14 inches (36 cm) and a length of 86 inches (218 cm).[2] This particular cluster bomb was designed to carry a total weight of 108 pounds (49 kg) of sarin nerve agent, the weapon's total weight was 525 pounds (238 kg).[2] The M34 cluster bomb held 76 M125 bomblet sub-munitions, each of the sub-munitions held 2.6 pounds (1.2 kg) of GB.[2] The weapons also contained a parachute, an opening delay, fuze, and a burster which held 8.8 ounces (250 g) of tetryl.[2]
Storage and disposal programs
editWhen Operation Cut Holes and Sink 'Em (CHASE) was cancelled the Army had to scrap a plan to dump more than 20,000 M34 cluster bombs at sea.[2] In 1972 there were still more than 21,000 M34 cluster munitions stored at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, near Denver, Colorado.[2] Between 1973 and 1976 the Army began destroying these munitions under the auspices of Project Eagle.[3] To dispose of the munitions the Army drained the Sarin from the bomblets, mixed it with a caustic inside a reactor chamber, and spray-dried the brine.[3] Project Eagle resulted in the demilitarization and destruction of about 450,000 U.S. gallons (1,700,000 L; 370,000 imp gal) of Sarin and 6.25 million pounds (2,830 t) of the spray-dried salt.[3] The salt was stored in 18,000 steel and fiberboard drums and placed in a toxic storage site at Rocky Mountain Arsenal.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Smart, Jeffery K. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare Archived 2012-08-26 at the Wayback Machine: Chapter 2 — History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective, (PDF Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine: pp. 41-42), Borden Institute, Textbooks of Military Medicine, PDF via Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, accessed December 10, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Mauroni, Albert J. Chemical Demilitarization: Public Policy Aspects, (Google Books), Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, p. 19, (ISBN 027597796X).
- ^ a b c d Natural Resource Trustees for the State of Colorado. Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division Natural Resource Damage Assessment for the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Commerce City, Colorado, "Site Description", October 24, 2007, p. 9, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, accessed December 10, 2008.