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Liu Xi (died 193 BC), better known by his courtesy name Liu Zhong,[1][2] was an elder brother of Emperor Gaozu, founder of China's Han dynasty. He served as marquess of Hexin, king or prince of Dai, and marquess of Heyang.
| Liu Xi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 劉喜 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘喜 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Liu Zhong (courtesy name) | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 劉仲 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘仲 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Qingwang (posthumous name) | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 頃王 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 顷王 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | The Brief King | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Life edit
Liu Xi was the son of the man known to history as Liu Taigong. His elder brother, Liu Bo, (t 劉伯, s 刘伯, Liú Bó) died young, leaving Liu Xi the eldest male in the family of Liu Bang,[2] who became the first Han emperor of China and was posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu ("High Ancestor").
After Liu Bang's establishment of the Han, Liu Xi was created Marquess of Hexin.
In 201 BC, King Xin of Han—who had been removed by the emperor from his native land to rule over the northern border from Mayi—defected to the Xiongnu.[2] Liu Xi was named King or Prince of Dai in his place.[2] This territory spread over the three northern commanderies of Dai, Yanmen, and Yunzhong and formed the front line between the Han state and the nomads of the Eurasian steppe. Liu Xi fled to Luoyang[2] by himself[3] before a Xiongnu attack in the 12th month of the 7th year of Liu Bang's reign[3] (200 BC).[4]
Following this display of cowardice, Liu Xi was replaced in Dai and demoted to Marquess of Heyang (t 合陽, s 合阳, Héyáng),[3][5] a county southeast of present-day Heyang County.[3]
In 195 BC, Liu Xi's son Prince Pi was made Prince or King of Wu.
Liu Xi died in 193 BC and was subsequently honored under the posthumous name of the "Qing" or "Momentary King".[6][7]
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ Johnston (2017), p. 171.
- ^ a b c d e Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 72.
- ^ a b c d Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 75.
- ^ Olberding (2013), p. 87.
- ^ Sima Guang. "漢紀" [Han Annals]. Zizhi Tongjian (in Chinese). Vol. 11. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ Book of Han, s:zh:漢書/卷014 Vol. 14: "Table of Nobles Related to the Imperial Clan".
- ^ Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 151.
Sources edit
- Ban, Gu; et al., Book of Han. (in Chinese)
- Gu Yanwu (2017), Johnston, Ian (ed.), Record of Daily Knowledge and Collected Poems and Essays, Translations from the Asian Classics, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231542678.
- Olberding, Garret (2013), "The Debate between Wang Hui and Han Anguo: A Case Study of Early Han Military Addresses", in Lorge, Peter Allen (ed.), Debating War in Chinese History, History of Warfare, vol. 83, Leiden: Brill, pp. 79–107, ISBN 978-9004244795.
- Sima Qian; et al. (2002), Nienhauser, William H. Jr.; et al. (eds.), The Grand Scribe's Records, Vol. II: The Basic Annals of Han China, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253340217.